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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 31-year-old veterinarian developed seizures, left hemiparesis, loss of memory, and behavioral disorders 5 months after intensive antirabies vaccination, the longest incubation period yet recorded. Computed tomographic scan revealed a right frontal contrastenhanced mass that extended to the left frontal lobe through the corpus callosum. Brain biopsy showed foci of primary demyelination largely confined to the white matter. The lesions were characteristic of the demyelinating encephalomyelitis that follows treatment with certain vaccines against rabies. The hemiplegia improved, but seizures, memory impairment, and abnormal behavior persisted.
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PMID:Delayed onset of post-rabies vaccination encephalitis. 613 53

Postictal sexual drive levels induced by limbic discharges were studied in eight adult male cats. Although sexual drive was exclusively dependent upon the presence or absence of testosterone, the level or degree of drive was dependent on the relative amounts of circulating testosterone and catecholamines in addition to the bioelectric state of the testosterone-binding cells. The limbic discharge was thought to induce postictal hypersexuality by its propagated discharge, suppressing the association neocortex and simultaneously activating the sexual hormone-binding cells of the diencephalon. The dissociation of the neocortex from the diencephalon was considered as a functional postictal diaschisis. These postictal physiologic changes were thought to account for the irrational automatic behavior and memory loss characteristic of patients with psychomotor seizures.
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PMID:Limbic stimulation-induced hypersexuality. Levels of sexual drive. 668 65

A case of Wernicke's encephalopathy with ataxia, confusion, memory loss, partial seizures of complex behavior and hypothermia, subsequent to thiamine depletion due to chronic malnourishment and triggered by an episode of acute vomiting and diarrhea, is reported, Computerized tomography (CT-scan) depicted small bilateral lesions in areas adjacent to the walls of the third ventricle, common location of the lesions seen in autopsy material of Wernicke's encephalopathy. Early diagnosis and treatment with vitamin B complex supplemented with intensive mnemonic and cognitive therapy led to complete recovery in a ten day period.
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PMID:Wernicke's encephalopathy. A case report with neurophysiologic and CT-scan studies. 686 52

A 72-year-old hypertensive man had focal seizures and mild memory loss. At autopsy, there were many lacunar infarcts, particularly in the neostriatum. Rust-brown discoloration and spheroid formation within the globus pallidus and pars reticulata of the substantia nigra resembled Hallervorden-Spatz disease, in which more detailed analysis of the striatum may be worthwhile.
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PMID:Pallidonigral pigmentation and spheroid formation with multiple striatal lacunar infarcts. 719 97

Electrical stimulation with brief pulses can produce a seizure requiring less energy than conventional sine-wave stimulation, and it has been suggested that brief-pulse stimulation might reduce the memory loss associated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The authors evaluated the effects of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on memory in mice by using various waveforms, current intensities, training-ECS intervals, pulse widths, and stimulus durations. When equated for ability to produce seizures, low-energy, brief-pulse stimulation caused as much amnesia as sine-wave stimulation and sometimes more. In the absence of comparisons of the amnesic effects of brief-pulse and sine-wave stimulation in humans, the use of brief pulses for administering ECT is unwarranted.
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PMID:Memory and convulsive stimulation: effects of stimulus waveform. 727 Jul 20

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) accounts for approximately 20% of all status epilepticus (SE). Although convulsive SE is recognized as a medical emergency, prompt diagnosis and treatment of patients with NCSE is often not emphasized because its consequences are thought to be benign. We report 10 patients with persistent neurologic deficits or death after well-documented NCSE in the form of complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE). All patients had prolonged CPSE lasting 36 hours or longer, as documented by clinical and EEG findings. Causes for CPSE were preexisting epilepsy with partial and secondarily generalized seizures (3 patients), vascular disease (2 patients), encephalitis (2 patients), and metabolic disease (1 patient); causes were unknown for two patients. Poor outcomes identified included persistent (lasting at least 3 months) or permanent cognitive or memory loss (5 patients), cognitive or memory loss plus motor and sensory dysfunction (3 patients), and death (3 patients). NCSE in the form of CPSE is not a benign entity. Serious morbidity and mortality may occur due to the adverse effects of prolonged seizures and as a result of acute brain disorders that precipitate the seizures.
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PMID:Complex partial status epilepticus accompanied by serious morbidity and mortality. 910 27

This analysis provides a specific example of the generally applicable process of creative delineation of a novel pattern while searching for an explanatory hypothesis for puzzling observations. In so doing, the neglected retroductive form of inference or abduction was used. Central to such a process is the delineation of a specific "generative mechanism" capable of uniting and explaining heretofore unexplained phenomena. Herein the neurophysiologically known mechanism of limbic seizure "kindling" is offered as a unifying explanation for a dozen bizarre phenomena, proposed as a new subtype of partial seizures, "Limbic Psychotic Trigger Reaction." This new syndrome has been proposed over 15 years in 17 male social loners. Upon encounter with an individualized stimulus, which revived in memory prior moderately hurtful experiences, these men suddenly committed motiveless, unplanned acts with flat affect, transient psychosis and autonomic arousal, showing no quantitative impairment of consciousness and so without memory loss for their perplexing homicidal acts (13 cases), firesetting (3 cases), or bank robbery (1 case). Events occurred in three phases reminiscent of seizures: (1) aura-like puzzlement, (2) transient ictus with a limbic release of predatory or defensive aggression (circa 20 min.), and (3) postictal inefficient actions, implicating a transient frontal lobe system dysfunction secondary to the limbic hyperactivation. The 17 men were of diverse backgrounds, but all without history of prior violence or severe emotional trauma. Seven of 17 had some abnormal tests at some time during their lives and eight known histories of typically overlooked closed-brain injury. Brain damage may facilitate seizure "kindling" but has been traditionally observed in mammals and in a few humans without such damage.
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PMID:Retroductive reasoning in a proposed subtype of partial seizures, evoked by limbic "kindling". 777 May 94

The authors present eleven cases of middle fossa floor meningiomas. They describe the anatomical and clinical features of these tumors in this rare localisation. They emphasize the strait anatomical relations with the cranial base, eight cases were inserted above the superior surface of the petrous bone, two above the endocranial face of the horizontal part of the greater sphenoid wing, one above the horizontal part of the temporal squama. Headache (6 cases) and memory loss (4 cases) are the most frequent clinical feature, seizures (2 cases) and neuropsychologic troubles were probably undervalued. Auditory signs were present in three cases. There was no visual defect and cranial nerve impairment. They insist on the necessity to obtain a complete preoperative temporal bone CT scan exploration. They think that a well advised surgical act is sufficient for these meningiomas inserted above weak structures and with good prognosis: there's no recurrence in this study with a follow up from 12 to 132 months.
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PMID:[Meningioma of the floor of the temporal fossa. Anatomo-clinical study of 11 cases]. 787 Feb 43

We have recently discovered in Torino (Italy) a new pedigree with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. The index patient is a woman who, at the age of 43 years, showed progressive memory impairment and ideomotor apraxia. Several relatives of the patient have had a history of dementia. The ancestors of the patient were from Calabria (southern Italy) and members of the family emigrated to the north of Italy, to France, and to the United States. Up to now, the new kindred comprises 1950 members, distributed in eight generations. Thirty members affected with Alzheimer's disease have been identified. Neuropathologic confirmation of antemortem clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease has been achieved for one patient. The pedigree is consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. The clinical course of the disease is fairly uniform: the first symptom is memory loss, beginning around age 40 years. Psychiatric symptoms like hallucinations and delusions follow. At a later stage of the disease, several patients developed myoclonus and generalized epileptic seizures and eventually died with profound dementia. The "Torino family" shows several genealogic and clinical similarities with other large multigenerational familial Alzheimer's disease pedigrees originating from the Calabria region.
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PMID:A new Italian pedigree with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. 819 27

During an epidemic of dengue type 2 virus in the rural community of Charters Towers, North Queensland, Australia, in 1993, 210 cases presented to the local hospital with signs and symptoms of classic dengue fever. Two cases were noteworthy because of neurologic complications, which included drowsiness, short term memory loss, agitation, and seizure. The cases are presented in detail because they are the first cases of dengue-associated encephalopathy to be documented in Australia. An increasing number of cases of encephalopathy associated with classic dengue fever is being reported world wide, but the etiology of this clinical syndrome remains unknown.
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PMID:Dengue fever with encephalopathy in Australia. 860 Jul 60


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