Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A leading patient complaint is headaches which tend to occur more often in women than men. Nonvascular headache is the most common and is caused by tension or muscle contraction. Oral contraceptives (OCs) do not affect nonvascular headaches. They can also be safely used in women who experience common migraines whose symptoms do not become more severe or frequent during OC use. On the other hand, women who have classic migraine (headache accompanied by focal neurologic symptoms) or common migraine with symptoms becoming more severe or frequent during OC use should discontinue OC use. Instead, they should use a barrier method or the IUD. Estradiol treatment appears to be effective in treating menstrual migraine. Since the data are inconclusive about the effect of OCs on young women who have experienced a stroke or transient ischemic attacks, it would be best for them to use a barrier method. Most antiepileptic drugs (phenobarbital, phenytoin, paramethadione, and carbamazepine) cause enzyme induction which may be linked to decreased levels of estrogen and increases in irregular bleeding, thereby increasing the likelihood of an epileptic OC user becoming pregnant. Possible contraceptive failure exposes a developing fetus to the teratogenic properties of the antiepileptic drugs. Thus, physicians should prescribe OCs with 50 mcg of ethinyl estradiol rather than 35 mcg ethinyl estradiol. Epileptic women can also use Depo-Provera, because it is not only effective in preventing pregnancy but reduces seizure frequency. It is important for any contraceptive method chosen for epileptic women to be effective because pregnancy intensifies seizures which in turn can damage the mother and/or fetus and cause neonatal distress.
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PMID:Contraceptive methods for women with neurologic disorders. 851 48

Little research examining qualities of contraception that make them attractive or unattractive to users, particularly young women, exists. The aim of this study is to systemically review the evidence regarding desirable and undesirable qualities of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), including intrauterine devices, the implant and the injection, as perceived by women. Five electronic databases were searched in May 2015 using terms related to LARC and method preference or decision-making. Studies were included if they concerned women aged 18-23 years from developed countries and reported on perceived positive or negative qualities of LARC. Thirty articles were deemed relevant. Five key themes emerged under which qualities were categorised; including: (1) impact on bleeding; (2) impact on the body; (3) device-specific characteristics; (4) general characteristics; and (5) perceptions and misbeliefs. Fit and forget, high efficacy and long-term protection were considered the top desirable qualities of LARC. Undesirable qualities varied among the LARC methods; however, irregular bleeding, painful insertion and removal procedure, weight gain and location in the body were among those most commonly reported. The contraceptive benefits of LARC, including their high efficacy and longevity, are generally considered to be positive qualities by women, while the potential impact of side-effects on the body are considered as negative qualities. This information is crucial in the clinical setting as it provides practitioners with a greater understanding of the qualities women do and do not like about LARC methods. Discussion about these qualities, positive and negative, during consultations about contraception may increase rates of uptake.
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PMID:What qualities of long-acting reversible contraception do women perceive as desirable or undesirable? A systematic review. 2746 68