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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The responsibility of the folate deficiency in some neuropsychiatric disorders is recent knowledge. The role of the folate on the nervous system is not yet well definite, but the action on the metabolism of the amino-acids, on the purine and the pyrimidine synthesis and on the metabolism of the catecholamins are certainly essential. The neuropsychiatric diseases secondary to the folate deficiency are numerous: dementia, schizophrenia like syndromes, insomnia, irritability, forgetfulness, endogenous depression, organic psychosis, pueperal psychosis, peripheral neuropathy, myelopathy (spinal cord syndrome and/or pyramidal tract damage), restless legs syndrome. Clinically the diagnosis may be difficult with sub acute combined degenration secondary to the pernicious anaemia, and the dosage of the folate (in serum, in red-cells and in cerebrospinal fluid) is necessary. The congenital defects in the uptake or utilization of the folate are associated with neuropsychiatric disturbances. The treatment is easy and safe if the vitamin B12 deficiency is eliminated and if employed with caution in epileptic patients because folate can induced seizures.
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PMID:[Folate and the nervous system (author's transl)]. 22 16

A 59-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with the history of epileptick attack of six years' duration. The seizure was associated with Jacksonian march starting in the right hand and then generalized. Todd's paresis of the right arm followed occasionally to the seizure. He was admitted to neurosurgical unit of other hospital in 1968 and 1971, but on each occasion no tumor or vascular abnormality was detected by extensive examiniations such as brain angiography, pneumoencephalography or brain scanning. He continued his hob as an engineer with anticonvulsant. He once lived in Manchuria in 1930s and had history of pulmonary tuberculosis. He was suffering from diabetes mellitus and chronic otitis media. Recentry he developed headache, forgetfulness, speech disturbance and right hemiparesis and was admitted to our department through psychiatric unit. On examination he was fully conscious but showed typical Gerstmann's syndrome and conduction aphasia. He also revealed bilateral choked disc, right hemiparesis, right hemihypesthesia and right homonymous hemianopsia. The cerebral angiograms and peneumoencephalogram suggested a left parietal cystic tumor. Brain scan with technetium 99m was negative. The spinal fluid was clear but showed slight pleocytosis (99/3/ml). Leucocyte count in the peripheral blood was 6600 per cubic meter with eosinophils of 3%. On craniotomy, small white patches were scattered at the subarachnoidal space suggesting of history of some meningitis. In the left parietooccipital region at Brodmann's area 19, a greyish yellow transparent cystic tumor was found in the subarachnoidal space which was confirmed to be one of the multilocular grape-like cystic tumors extending from area 19, gyrus angularis towards the arcuate fasciculus without continuity with the left lateral ventricle. Microscopic examination showed the racemosal type of cysticercus but no scolex was found. The fluid of the cysts was similar to the spinal fluid. He is totally symptome-free after five months' lapse from the operation except for sporadic spikes on the electroencephalogram. Although some neurosurgeons are against direct operation of the cerebral cysticercosis, we are sure it is possible to cure these patients suffering from chronic cysticercosis with tumor-like symptoms i.e. the tumor type of Stepien. But it is essential not to rupture the cysts during the operative procedure to avoid dissemination of worms which might lead to acute severe cerebral edema. Besides, echinococcus cysts harbouring many worms are often hardly differenciated macroscopically from the cysts of cysticercosis.
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PMID:[A case of brain cysticerosis]. 98 76

Two patients had clinical findings of encephalopathy that progressed in 4 to 5 months. One patient had headache, fatigue, lethargy, hemiparesis, and a seizure. The second patient had only forgetfulness, confusion, and lethargy without focal signs. Herpes simplex virus was grown from brain biopsy in the first patient and from CSF in the second patient. These cases suggest that herpes simplex virus caused the encephalitis and that it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic encephalopathy.
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PMID:Chronic encephalitis possibly due to herpes simplex virus: two cases. 403 28

Mental slowing, forgetfulness and personality change are frequent accompaniments of aging; such symptoms are also the first warning signals of an intracranial tumor. Cerebral metastases, malignant astrocytomas and benign meningiomas are the most common types of brain tumor in patients over 65 years of age. The symptoms and signs of a brain tumor depend primarily on its location and on intracranial pressure. In addition to producing dementia and seizures, tumors occasionally present in an apoplectic fashion and mimic the onset of stroke.
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PMID:Brain tumors in elderly patients. 630 Dec 54

It has become increasingly acknowledge that the social and psychological consequences of epilepsy may be more debilitating than the epileptic seizures themselves. This study, which formed part of an ongoing community health project which was carried out in the South African village of Mamre, was aimed at gaining an understanding of some of these psychosocial aspects. Sixteen respondents were as well as their families, had accepted the epilepsy and learnt to cope with it, although some respondents felt stigmatized by the epilepsy and made various attempts to conceal it from outsiders. Problems which were caused by epilepsy included the fear of going out unaccompanied, as well as forgetfulness and irritable mood. Few respondents had epilepsy which could be described as well-controlled, yet none admitted being dissatisfied with their treatment. Implications of the study included the need to assist the respondents and their families to better understand the management of epilepsy, so that every effort would be made to attain maximal seizure control.
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PMID:Reports of the experience of epilepsy in a rural South African village. 774 21

The present report looks at the nature, management and outcome of episodes of noncompliance with antiepileptic medication in 42 patients attending a tertiary referral epilepsy clinic with noncompliance being ascertained by patient admission. The main causes of noncompliance were forgetfulness, a refusal to take medication and a patient perception that their epilepsy was not severe enough to warrant medication. Management consisted of individual patient discussion, frequently on recurrent occasions. As far as outcome was concerned, 20 patients had no further episodes of noncompliance during the period of follow-up, five came off medication altogether and remain seizure-free, three improved but have lapses and in nine patients it was not possible to effect any change. Overall, individual patient management was helpful and worthwhile.
Seizure 1993 Mar
PMID:Noncompliance with medication amongst persons attending a tertiary referral epilepsy clinic: implications, management and outcome. 816 79

This study reports the results of a questionnaire survey of female members of the British Epilepsy Association. The women were asked about their epilepsy and its management. A questionnaire was sent to 6000 BEA women members of whom 1855 (31%) replied. The majority of women (89%) stated they currently take older antiepileptic medications, either as monotherapy or in combination with others. Newer antiepileptic drugs were prescribed to 30% of women. The most frequently mentioned antiepileptic drug side-effects were tiredness and forgetfulness. Seventy percent of the sample considered that the lack of energy had at least a moderate impact on their life. Thirty-eight percent of women would have liked better seizure control whilst 32% agreed that they would prefer to change to a medication with fewer side-effects. However, 49% were reluctant to change their medication. Fifty-nine percent stated that they see their hospital specialist regularly whilst half the sample (49%) saw their GP regularly. Hospital specialists on the whole, played a more active role in the management of epilepsy than GPs. Many women (68%) felt that their GP's main task appeared to be to write prescriptions and 40% felt that they knew more about their epilepsy than their GP. However, the women generally perceived that their GP or hospital specialists were sympathetic to their condition and their concerns.
Seizure 1999 Oct
PMID:Women with epilepsy: their views about their treatment and care. 1060 May 80

One of every 15 adults in the United States has at least moderate sleep apnea. The true prevalence is higher, as approximately 0.3 to 5% of adults with sleep apnea are undiagnosed. Sleep apnea has major health consequences; therefore, neurologists must recognize and treat sleep apnea syndromes appropriately. There are three main categories of sleep apnea: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea (CSA), and mixed sleep apnea. OSA results from upper airway obstruction, and CSA is due to lack of inspiratory muscle effort; mixed apnea results from a combination of these factors. Sleep apnea syndromes can present within the spectrum of "typical" neurological complaints, including forgetfulness, headaches, sleepiness, fatigability, seizures, and muscle and nerve weakness. A good sleep history, a nocturnal polysomnogram, and multiple sleep latency test are important in elucidating the diagnosis and validating the complaints of sleepiness. The gold standard for treatment of OSA is positive airway pressure, although some patients may benefit from surgical interventions designed to bypass the site of airway obstruction. With CSA, treatment is directed toward the underlying disorder. Patients with CSA may also benefit from several types of nasal positive airway pressure treatment, while some require mechanical ventilation.
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PMID:Neurological perspective on obstructive and nonobstructive sleep apnea. 1544 19

Glioneuronal tumor with neuropil-like islands (GTNI) is a distinctive and rare tumor characterized by both glial and neuronal differentiation. However, unlike other mixed glioneuronal tumors, which are characterized by a favorable prognosis, this neoplasm has been found to be potentially aggressive. We report here a case arising in a 60-year old male patient who presented with seizures, forgetfulness and right-sided hemiparesis, due to a left frontal lobe tumor. Unlike most cases described in the literature, the present tumor was unique in its radiological appearance, which was cystic. On microscopic evaluation, the glial component was chiefly gemistocytic punctuated by neuropil-like islands. Strong nuclear immunolabeling of p53 and absence of 1p/19q deletion by fluorescence in situ hybridization assay were consistent with those in previous reports.
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PMID:Glioneuronal tumor with neuropil-like islands: a new entity. 1856 2

The current study examined the specific types of attention-related problems children with childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) experience and the role of disease factors in the development of attention-related problems. Thirty-eight subjects with CAE and 46 healthy controls, aged 6 to 16, participated in the study. The Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) was completed by parents, and the Attention Problems and Hyperactivity subscales were used to characterize the problems of children with CAE. Item analysis within the subscales revealed that children with CAE demonstrate higher rates of hyperactive (overactivity and fidgetiness) and inattentive (forgetfulness and distractibility) problems, and require more supervision. Within-CAE-group analyses revealed that those who were actively having seizures were more impatient and those with a longer duration of illness were less proficient in completing homework. Children with CAE are at risk for certain inattentive and hyperactive problems, which can differ depending on duration of illness and active seizure status.
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PMID:Differentiation of attention-related problems in childhood absence epilepsy. 2067 7


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