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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although neurological signs and symptoms are well described in leptospiral infections, cerebral edema has not been reported previously. We have encountered two patients with severe leptospiral infection, associated with multisystem involvement, who developed cerebral edema. Both patients were in acute oligoanuric renal failure, one being treated by acetate hemodialysis and the other by hemofiltration. Grand mal seizures developed in both patients, followed by respiratory, then cardiac arrest, as a consequence of dialytic therapy. Only one patient could be resuscitated and he was left with a hemiparesis. Cerebral edema may develop in patients with severe leptospiral infections consequent to treatments used in the management of renal failure.
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PMID:Morbidity and mortality due to cerebral edema complicating the treatment of severe leptospiral infection. 238 55

An 11-month-old infant, full-term born after normal pregnancy and delivery had a generalized short tonic-clonic seizure at the 7th hour of life. These seizures were repeated on the 7th, 8th, 9th and 22nd days, and they persisted like bilateral myoclonic fits once a week. The EEG recordings showed asynchronous spikes and spike-waves on the vertex and both frontal areas. The seizure's recording showed a brief burst of bilateral spike-waves. The psychomotor development was retarded but progressive. At 10 months 9 days the patient presented a status without any impairment to all therapeutic trials. Death occurred after 12 days of status. The unexpected severe evolution of this epilepsy with unknown etiology, which did not evoke any metabolic or degenerative diseases, is discussed.
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PMID:[Case of epilepsy in an infant with fatal outcome during the 1st year of unknown etiology]. 241 Sep 58

Cortical and subcortical multiunitary activities (MUA) and EEG were simultaneously recorded in baboons made photosensitive by a subconvulsant dose of DL-allylglycine. Intermittent light stimulation (ILS) trains induced in these animals fronto-rolandic (FR) paroxysmal discharges (PDs, constituted as spikes and waves) and grand mal seizures. During the induction of FR PDs by ILS trains, the visual structures (occipital cortex, colliculi superioris, pulvinar) showed a significant MUA increase which was not related to the PD spike or wave but correlated with the flashes. The first structure showing bursts of MUA that frequently preceded the PD appearance was the FR cortex. When PDs appeared, the bursts were related to the spikes of PDs and were followed by an inhibition during the slow wave. The pontine and mesencephalic reticular formations and the facial nuclei were activated in bursts after the FR PDs had reached a certain amplitude. The thalamic nuclei ventralis lateralis, centrum medianum and lateralis posterior were activated only later, when the FR PDs had reached an even greater amplitude. It is suggested that the activation of visual structures is necessary for FR PD appearance. The secondary pontine and mesencephalic activation could reinforce that of the FR cortex and then the thalamus, and could determine the myoclonus observed in unparalysed animals. When the ILS is continued, grand mal seizures appear. The onset of the seizures could be linked to the loss of FR cortical control of the subcortical structures. The resulting reticular activation would be responsible for the vasomotor modifications which constitute the first clinical signs of a seizure.
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PMID:Multiunitary activity analysis of cortical and subcortical structures in paroxysmal discharges and grand mal seizures in photosensitive baboons. 242 96

Epileptic depolarizations in single motor cortical and hippocampal neurons and focal epileptic discharges in neuronal cortical populations have been described to be decreased by calcium antagonists. In the present investigations the action of the calcium antagonist verapamil on generalized tonic-clonic seizures was studied. The experiments were performed in the anesthetized and artificially ventilated rat. Tonic-clonic seizures were induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). The calcium antagonist verapamil, dissolved in artificial cerebrospinal fluid, was applied to a lateral cerebral ventricle by means of the push-pull technique. This procedure achieved high concentrations of the drug in cerebral tissue and avoided alterations of the systemic circulatory system. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were depressed in intensity to a great extent and often abolished during the verapamil perfusion. With this suppression seizures decreased in their rate of occurrence. The negative shift of the epicortical DC potential evoked by the PTZ injections before verapamil application became a positive displacement during verapamil perfusion. Control experiments revealed (i) that intraventricular perfusion with drug-free cerebrospinal fluid did not change tonic-clonic seizure activity, and (ii) that in experiments without epileptic activity verapamil perfusion exerted no depressive effect on the power of the spontaneous EEG and failed to shift the DC potential to the positive side. As a whole, systemic administration of the calcium antagonist verapamil depressed tonic-clonic seizures and did not depress non-epileptic cerebral activity.
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PMID:Suppression of recurrent generalized tonic-clonic seizure discharges by intraventricular perfusion of a calcium antagonist. 245 Jul 33

A 22-year-old man developed severe encephalopathy, grand mal seizures and visual disturbance after combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, vinblastine and bleomycin for metastatic testicular carcinoma. After excluding treatable causes, only supportive management was given, and the symptoms and signs resolved over several months. We suggest a clinical syndrome of encephalopathy, seizures and visual disturbance represents a rare toxicity of cisplatin-based therapy. Given the wide spread usage of cisplatin, this should be drawn once again to the attention of medical oncologists.
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PMID:Encephalopathy following cisplatin, bleomycin and vinblastine therapy for non-seminomatous germ cell tumour of testis. 245 56

The main objective of this study was to determine the modifications induced by the pesticide lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) in the regional concentration of neurotransmitters in brain, taking the tonic-clonic seizure as the main sign of its neurotoxic action. The animals were given lindane (150 mg/kg p.o. in olive oil) and killed at the onset of the first seizure (mean latency time: 18.3 +/- 5.5 min, n = 16). The inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the biogenic amines noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT), as well as its corresponding acidic metabolite, were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric or electrochemical detection in different areas of the brain: hippocampus, mesencephalon, colliculi, frontal cortex, parietal cortex, striatum and thalamus. The concentration of GABA in whole tissue was only significantly decreased in the colliculi. The concentration of serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were decreased in the colliculi, striatum and frontal cortex, suggesting a decreased synthesis and release of 5-HT, but increased in the parietal cortex. The concentration of NA was significantly decreased in the parietal cortex. Thus, the results indicate that lindane induces some modifications of the concentration of neurotransmitters in cortical structures, basal nuclei, midbrain and colliculi. These changes may be consequent upon the proposed interaction of lindane with the GABAergic system, although a direct action of lindane on other neurotransmitter systems cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Regional concentrations of GABA, serotonin and noradrenaline in brain at onset of seizures induced by lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane). 245 33

1. Puberty and adolescence mainly can have a bad effect on idiopathic generalized epilepsies. This can show up in the first onset of seizures in adolescence, e.g. as a form of idiopathic grand mal on awakening, juvenile absence epilepsy or juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (impulsive petit mal). Also, already diagnosed absence epilepsy can become worse, e.g. by recurring absence seizures or grand mal seizures or the new onset of grand mal on awakening. 2. Exogenous factors, like changing the time of sleeping and waking, lack of sleep and the abuse of alcohol, play an important role in these types of epilepsy. Cutting out these factors is just as important as the consequent drug treatment on a longterm basis. 3. Drug treatment of idiopathic generalized epilepsy will be done with valproate, barbiturates and ethosuximide. Regarding fatal complications of liver function, which are more frequent than previously thought of, valproate can be recommended as a drug of first choice, especially in early childhood and when a combination of drugs is used. 4. A very good effect of adolescence is seen in children with benign idiopathic focal epilepsy with a centro-temporal spike focus. Antiepileptic treatment with carbamazepine as an agent of first choice can be done less vigorously. 5. Menstruation usually only modifies but does not worsen the natural course of epilepsy. There is still no real therapeutical plan for this rare form of epilepsy. 6. It cannot be a general rule, not to change current medical treatment before or during puberty in order to avoid any worsening of seizures. A decision always has to be made regarding the form of epilepsy and the individual situation, which has to be discussed with the patient and perhaps his family.
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PMID:[Epilepsies in puberty and adolescence. Follow-up and drug therapy]. 245 60

We examined the clinical significance of bisynchronous spike-wave complexes which appear in EEGs of some patients with focal spikes in one or both temporal lobes. Few features distinguished patients with bisynchronous spike-waves from those with only focal temporal spikes: a higher incidence of patients with more than two grand mal seizures a year (43 vs. 7%) and a younger age at last recording (22.5 vs. 28.3 years) were the only statistically reliable factors. Proportion of patients with complex partial seizures (CPS) (100%), age of CPS onset, incidence of febrile convulsions, intellectual level, and normal neurologic examination were features common to the two groups. In contrast to other studies which did not exclude influencing variables such as extratemporal spike foci, our group with bisynchronous spike-waves fared equally well after temporal lobectomy as did patients with temporal spikes alone. All 6 patients with spike-waves obtained a reduction of at least 50% in seizure frequency and 5 of the 6 (83%) had a greater than 90% reduction. Sixteen of 17 patients (94%) without spike-waves had a reduction of at least 50% and 14 of the 17 (82%) had a greater than 90% reduction of seizures.
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PMID:Significance of bisynchronous spike-waves in patients with temporal lobe spikes. 249 40

We describe a case of grand mal generalized tonic-clonic seizure after fluorescein angiography. The patient had a history of seizure disorders and had been controlled with proper medication before the test. We advocate the need to include diazepam and phenytoin in the list of emergency medications needed to control adverse reactions of fluorescein angiography.
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PMID:Seizures associated with fluorescein angiography. 250 56

Desmopressin (DDAVP), a synthetic vasopressin, temporarily corrects bleeding abnormalities associated with mild hemophilia A, von Willebrand disease, and disorders of platelet function. The side effects of DDAVP are considered benign although most of its use has been in adults and older children. We report four children under the age of 2 years who became hyponatremic after intravenous DDAVP administration (0.3 microgram/kg). Three of them developed grand mal seizures. A review of the literature and these cases indicate that associated risk factors for hyponatremia after DDAVP administration include stress, surgery, anesthesia and narcotics (endogenous release of antidiuretic hormone), vomiting (loss of Na+), liver disease (hindered metabolism of DDAVP), renal tubular acidosis (chronically low serum Na+), multiple doses of DDAVP, and overhydration with hyponatremic fluids. DDAVP is not a benign drug in this age group and shows a serious potential for hyponatremia and seizures. Fluid restriction, avoidance of hyponatremic solutions, and close monitoring of serum electrolytes and urine output for at least 15-20 hr after the administration of DDAVP, when used in children under the age of 2 years, is warranted.
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PMID:Hyponatremia and seizures in young children given DDAVP. 250 Aug 51


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