Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A fetal heart rate tracing with absent variation and a sinusoidal pattern led to the diagnosis of acute fetomaternal hemorrhage at 29 + 2 weeks' gestation. The middle cerebral artery had increased peak blood flow velocity with reversed end-diastolic flow. Fetal coronary arteries visualized by color-coded and pulsed wave Doppler sonography showed slight decrease of time-averaged maximum velocities after oxygen administration, while cerebral flows remained unchanged. After administration of 50 ml blood (pre-transfusion hematocrit < 11%) the middle cerebral artery flow normalized and coronary artery velocities decreased further until coronary blood flow could no longer be visualized within 30 min of the transfusion (post-transfusion hematocrit 27%). Evidence of successful fetal resuscitation also included normalization of the fetal heart rate tracing and resumption of fetal activity (biophysical profile score 8/10). This was also observed after a second transfusion of 38 ml blood. Deterioration from repeated fetomaternal hemorrhage led to delivery of a severely anemic neonate (cord hematocrit 7%) by Cesarean section. Postnatally, a single seizure, moderate severity respiratory distress syndrome and grade III intraventricular hemorrhage were noted. Increased peak blood flow velocity with reversed end-diastolic flow may be observed in the middle cerebral artery of fetuses with acute anemia. Correction of this phenomenon with transfusion suggests that hypovolemia and low blood viscosity are major contributing factors. Furthermore, decreasing coronary artery blood flow velocities with supplemental oxygen and blood replacement confirm functional autoregulation of the fetal coronary circulation. Observation of these acute flow changes during fetal surveillance warrants investigation for a potentially serious underlying condition.
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PMID:Fetal coronary and cerebral blood flow in acute fetomaternal hemorrhage. 974 59

Fish venoms can be lethal for Vertebrates. The effect depends of dose and subject, more than incriminated fish. The most constant symptom is a violent pain; but the serious pharmacological effects are respiratory and heart failure with marked hypotension and cardiac perturbations, neurologic damage, such as seizure and coma. Experimentation is difficult due to venom instability. Activity is lost by distilled water, lyophilisation in buffers, several successive freezing and defreezing. In addition, when venom is broken, other pharmacological effects are evidenced, for instance, with Synanceia verrucosa venom, hypertensive phase takes the place of hypotension. It is difficult to distinguish toxin effect from this of denaturation products of the toxin. Noradrenaline is present in Synanceia venom, and it seems that acetylcholine exists in some venom, at least when diluted in saline solution. Other biological active products are present. Purified toxins allow pharmacological investigations. Stonefish venom is better studied, because venomous glands contain relatively high venom quantity. Stonustoxin from Synanceia horrida exerts its action through NO-synthase liberation, and its primary action can be attributed to its potent vasorelaxant activity, causing a rapid, marked and irreversible hypotension. Trachynilysin, from Synanceia trachynis, causes massive release and depletion of acetylcholine and damage to nerve and muscle fibres, which can account for the inhibition of neuromuscular function, and skeletal paralysis. But the used doses are not compatible with respiratory arrest. Verrucotoxin from Synanceia verrucosa activates potassium channels dependent from ATP; this can explain damage, and probably neurologic and respiratory distress.
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PMID:[Pharmacological properties of fish venoms]. 975 86

Falciparum malaria remains a major killer in developing countries, particularly for African children. The sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes in the deep microvasculature is mostly mediated by their cytoadherence to activated endothelium. Proinflammatory cytokines and particularly tumor necrosis factor contribute to severe disease but the pathophysiology of coma remains poorly understood. In young children, features of severe malaria include severe anemia, hypoglycemia and cerebral malaria. Half of the children with neurological impairment actually have raised intracranial pressure, and seizures are extremely common. Clinical respiratory distress usually reflects severe lactic acidosis. In non immune adults, pictures of severe sepsis with shock, acute renal failure and respiratory distress syndrome are common and often associated with bacterial coinfection. Although chemotherapy of malaria is challenged by the continuing evolution of antimalarial resistance, quinine remains the first-line drug for severe disease. The optimization of symptomatic management of severe malaria remains a major concern in developing countries.
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PMID:[Severe malaria]. 978 Oct 74

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) can be clinically classified into two types: typical cases with a diarrheal prodrome of association with E. coli O157, and atypical cases without antecedent diarrhea. However, HUS is not common in Taiwan. To evaluate the clinical course, complications and outcome of HUS in children, and to identify the risk factors for mortality, retrospectively, seven cases of HUS in our hospital in the past 6 years were studied. Six of them were boys, and one was a girl. Their ages ranged from 0.67 to 3 years. None of them were preceded by diarrheal prodrome. Acute renal failure, hypertension and liver involvement were noted in all cases. Stroke and seizure developed in three of the cases with sequelae. Two cases progressed into end-stage renal disease (ESRD). One case developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Two cases (28.5%) expired. ESRD especially associated with ARDS was highly related to mortality.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of the hemolytic uremic syndrome. 982 77

The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriateness of air medical scene response for illness. The study consisted of a retrospective chart review of a two-helicopter urban air medical transport program with a transport volume of 1,700 flights annually. During the study period, January 1988 through March 1990, 68 patients were transported by helicopter from scene of illness to a tertiary care facility. In cases in which patients could be managed appropriately locally, air transport was deemed unnecessary. Of the 68 patients with illness, 40 were males and 28 were females; the average age was 39.2 years (from a range of 0 to 93). The average transport time was 46.3 minutes. Dispatch diagnoses were cardiac arrest (20), seizure (14), myocardial infarction (8), overdose (6), stroke (5), labor (4), respiratory distress (3) and miscellaneous (8). The discharge (final) diagnosis was different from dispatch diagnoses in 10 patients (14.7%). Fifty-four patients (79.4%) required no tertiary care, and 30 of them were discharged from the emergency department or were pronounced dead there or at the scene. The results of the study indicate air medical response to scene of illness did not appear justified in this study. Transport should be local, by ground, with subsequent tertiary care being arranged as needed. Further prospective study is warranted.
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PMID:Is air medical scene response for illness appropriate? 1012 89

This study presents the findings of 54 infants sent home on event recording apnea/heart rate monitors over a seven month period. The average gestational age was 35 weeks. The number of referring facilities was 13 hospitals and the number of referring physicians was 41. We separated the admitting diagnostic groups into the following categories: Apnea of prematurity, apnea of infancy, apparent life threatening event, subsequent SIDS sibling, gastroesophogeal reflux, maternal substance abuse, seizure disorders, respiratory distress syndrome, bradycardia of unknown origin, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and Pierre Robin syndrome. From March 1990 to October 1990, a period of seven months, these children were placed in our services on event recording home apnea/heart rate monitors. The average time on service for these patients was 2.90 months, (p less than .07). This data indicates that event recording home apnea/heart rate monitoring greatly decreases the length of home monitoring.
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PMID:The effect of event recording home infant apnea/heart rate monitoring in the greater Los Angeles area. 1014 2

Therapeutic effect of the glucoside extracted from the root of Astragalus Membranaceus (AM) was studied in guinea pigs intoxicated with 600 mg/kg doses of Dimethoate (D). Four groups of guinea pigs, each consisting of two males and two females, were treated with (a) D, (b) D + Atropine, and (c) D + AM, (d) D + Atropine + AM. The survival time of the animals increased from an average of 70 minutes without AM to an average of 235 minutes with AM. Severe changes in ECG were observed prior to respiratory distress in groups without AM, and Atropine did not modify such changes. Differently, severe ECG disorders appeared only after respiratory distress in groups treated with AM. Prolongation of the Q-T interval and changing of the T wave configuration were significantly mitigated in the AM treated animals, while, arrhythmias were minimized and postponed. Moreover, muscular fasciculation and fibrillation, seizures and secretion in the respiratory tract were also significantly reduced by AM treatment. Results have shown that AM could be a promising drug to be used after cholinergic crisis in the treatment of cardiac complications with severe organophosphate intoxication.
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PMID:Antidotal effect of glucoside extracted from Astragalus membranaceus on dimethoate intoxication in guinea pigs. 1021 35

The prevalence of hypomagnesemia was studied in neonates and children. The specimens were selected randomly from those submitted to the clinical chemical laboratory for blood test. A serum magnesium concentration less than 0.74 mmol/L was considered hypomagnesemic. A total serum magnesium determinations of 910 patients showed that 188 (21.7% prevalence rate) patients contained low serum magnesium levels. Frequently encountered hypomagnesemia was found among neonates with clinical conditions as diarrhea 41 (21.8%), premature births 24 (12.8%), neonatal hepatitis 20 (10.6%) and respiratory distress syndrome 5 (2.7%). In children the clinical conditions most frequently encountered with low serum magnesium were seizure 30 (16%), renal disease 26 (13.8%), metabolic acidosis 18 (9.6%), ideopathic apnea 14 (7.4%) and tachycardia 10 (5.3%). The statistical analysis of low serum magnesium values of patients in various clinical groups showed a significant difference (p < 0.0001) upon using homogeneity of variances but this was insignificant with the application of Kruskal-Wallis 1-Way ANOVA since Chi-square = 12.5748.
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PMID:Hypomagnesemia and clinical implications in children and neonates. 1032 92

Undetected foreign body aspiration is a well-known problem not only in children and patients with predisposing conditions like mental retardation, seizures or brain tumours, but also in healthy subjects. The clinical signs are quite different. Haemoptysis, cough, recurrent or chronic penumonia and bronchitis may occur. These symptoms are often accompanied by fever, weight loss and night sweat. Atelectasis, respiratory distress or death have been described. We demonstrate the case of a 39-year old man with Down syndrome who was transferred to our hospital because of pneumonia in the left lower lobe that had been lasting for about two months. It had been resistant to several antibiotic regimens. Computerised tomography led to the suspicion of a bronchial carcinoma with poststenotic infiltration of the lower lobe. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of a foreign body in the distal part of the left main bronchus. After two weeks of treatment with ciprofloxacin regression of the acute inflammation occurred. During a second bronchoscopy we could extract the foreign body (a 1 x 1.7 cm vertebra of a dove). It is concluded that undetected foreign body aspiration can occur in various clinical settings and fibreoptic bronchoscopy is a suitable approach providing an exact diagnosis.
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PMID:[Aspiration pneumonia caused by vertebrae of a dove in a 39 year old patient with Down syndrome]. 1044 52

Interstitial deletions in the terminal region of chromosome 6 are rare. We describe three new cases with subtle interstitial deletions in the q24-q26 region of the long arm of chromosome 6. The karyotypes were analyzed at a 550 band level. Patient1 is a 9-month-old boy with an interstitial deletion, del(6)(q24.2q25.1), developmental delay, low birth weight, hypotonia, heart murmur, respiratory distress, craniofacial and genital anomalies. This is the first report of a case with deletion del(6)(q24.2q25.1). Patient 2 is a 17-year-old young man with an interstitial deletion del(6)(q25.1q25.3), developmental delay, short stature, mental retardation, autism, head, face, chest, hand and feet anomalies and a history of seizures. For the first time autism was described as a manifestation in 6q deletions. Patient 3 is baby boy with a de novo interstitial deletion, del(6)(q25.1q26), anomalies of the brain, genital organs, limbs and feet. This is the first report of a case with deletion, del(6)(q25.1q26). In all three patients, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using chromosome 6 painting probe ruled out an insertion. The ESR (6q25.1) and TBP (6q27) probes were used to confirm the breakpoints. Since TBP signal is present in all cases, it confirmed an interstitial deletion proximal to this probe. Patient 1 has a deletion of the ESR locus; Patient 2 and 3 have signals for the ESR locus on both chromosomes 6. Therefore the deletion in Patients 2 and 3 are between ESR and TBP loci distal to that of Patient 1. FISH validated the deletion breakpoints assessed by conventional cytogenetics.
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PMID:Subtle overlapping deletions in the terminal region of chromosome 6q24.2-q26: three cases studied using FISH. 1052 41


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