Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have identified a novel Alzheimer's disease family in which affected subjects had a very young age of onset (range 29-35 years). Neuropathological confirmation of the diagnosis was obtained for one patient. Molecular analysis shows that within this family the disease results from a missense mutation at codon 235 of the presenilin 1 (PS-1) gene. Two patients had exhibited generalized tonico-clonic seizures several years before the onset of dementia. Whether this particular clinical feature is a consequence of the PS-1 mutation remains to be established. The Leu235Pro mutation is, to our knowledge, the PS-1 mutation associated with the youngest age of AD onset, which suggests that it has a drastic effect on PS-1 function.
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PMID:A novel presenilin 1 mutation resulting in familial Alzheimer's disease with an onset age of 29 years. 890 59

Germline mutations in the presenilin 1 (PS1) gene apparently account for the majority of early-onset, familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using a mutation-screening strategy (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; DGGE), we analyzed a large family with early onset AD and seizures. The patients in this family showed a novel missense mutation in exon 5 of the PS1 gene (A to T change in codon 120, altering glutamine to aspartic acid). This novel mutation is located within the second hydrophilic domain of the molecule, a region not particularly involved in previously described germline mutations, and is of unknown biological significance. These results also demonstrate that DGGE can be used effectively to screen for mutations within this gene.
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PMID:A novel mutation of presenilin 1 in familial Alzheimer's disease in Israel detected by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. 893 4

Sixteen affected individuals are described from two families with early onset autosomal dominant familial Alzheimer's disease. A mutation at codon 139 in the presenilin 1 gene on chromosome 14 results in a methionine to valine substitution which cosegregates with the disease in these families. Onset of dementia was before the age of 50 years in all individuals. The ages at onset within each family were tightly clustered but were significantly different between the families; this difference could not be accounted for by apolipoprotein E status and suggests the existence of a further genetic factor that modifies age at disease onset. The pattern of cognitive decline was similar in both families: early memory loss (initially selective for verbal memory in some individuals) was followed soon after by loss of arithmetic skills while naming and object perception skills were relatively preserved. A speech production deficit was observed in three members of one family but not in the other. Seizures were common and usually predated by myoclonic jerks by a number of years. Serial MRIs showed progressive cortical atrophy with periventricular white matter change appearing 3-4 years into the disease. PET revealed parieto-temporal hypometabolism in all individuals scanned. The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease was confirmed with typical histopathology in one individual from each family.
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PMID:Clinicopathological features of familial Alzheimer's disease associated with the M139V mutation in the presenilin 1 gene. Pedigree but not mutation specific age at onset provides evidence for a further genetic factor. 912 60

Two children of an adult with early-onset, autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer disease (AD) developed dementia in their late 20s and were subsequently found to have novel mutations in codon 434 of the presenilin 1 (PS1) gene on chromosome 14, a G-to-T substitution at nucleotide 1548 and a C-to-G substitution at nucleotide 1549. The younger of the 2 children had AD confirmed at postmortem examination. The disease course in these 3 individuals was characterized by cognitive and behavioral problems accompanied by myoclonus, seizures, and aphasia within 5 years after onset. Two grandparents had clinically diagnosed AD with stroke beginning at ages 78 and 66 years, but neither had a PS1 mutation. No other living family member was demented, nor did any other family member have the PS1 mutation. We conclude that the affected parent of the proband was a likely recent founder for these novel mutations in PS1. The family demonstrates the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of AD. Arch Neurol. 2000;57:1454-1457
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PMID:Novel presenilin 1 mutations associated with early onset of dementia in a family with both early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer disease. 1103 Jul 97

This study reports a novel presenilin 1 (PS1) gene mutation in a Japanese family with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Two patients developed progressive memory disorder with disorientation around 50 years of age and showed myoclonus with frequent tonic-clonic seizures several years later. Direct sequencing of the proband's PS1 gene revealed a novel mis-sense mutation (leucine-to-valine at residue 250 (L250V)). This mutation was found in both patients, but not in a normal family member or normal Japanese control subjects. Thus, L250V is a novel PS1 gene mutation responsible for familial AD (FAD) in Japan.
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PMID:A novel mutation (L250V) in the presenilin 1 gene in a Japanese familial Alzheimer's disease with myoclonus and generalized convulsion. 1268 6

We describe the clinical phenotype and pathology of a new autosomal dominant late-onset familial form of Alzheimer's disease in four extensive kindred originated in a genetically isolated population. Twelve affected and 16 unaffected members of these kindred were examined clinically, and a brain post-mortem study was carried out in one case. The preliminary genetic assessment included complex segregation analysis, evaluation of the power to detect linkage, and exclusion of candidate genes. Dementia has been recorded for six generations in ancestors of examined cases. Review of death certificates allowed linking of all subjects in four extensive pedigrees. Affected individuals examined had progressive memory loss with onset between 57 and 74 years of age, along with seizures, myoclonus and parkinsonism in advanced stages. The brain of the case examined post-mortem showed widespread neocortical neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (stage VI of Braak), amyloid angiopathy, and Lewy bodies restricted to limbic areas. Sequencing exons 16 and 17 of amyloid precursor protein, and exons 4-12 of presenilin 1 and presenilin 2 genes did not disclose any mutations. Genotyping with markers D21S265, D14S71, D14S77, D1S2850 and D1S479 located 1-3 cM from the previously reported genes further excluded linkage to these genes. Seven out of 12 cases were apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon3/3, although the presence of an APOE epsilon4 allele was associated with an increased risk of dementia (odd ratio 6.17; 95% confidence interval: 1.15-33.15), but not to an earlier age of onset. Complex segregation analysis showed that the best model fitting the data was that of a major gene (dominant) with a gene frequency close to 3% in this population. Simulation analysis predicted an average logarithm of odds (LOD) of 2.2 at = 0.05. These four families, which seem to be part of a common extended pedigree originated by a founder arriving in this region in the 18th century, represent an autosomal dominant late-onset familial Alzheimer's disease not linked to previously known genetic loci. The simulation analysis suggests that it will be feasible to locate a novel responsible gene in these kindred.
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PMID:A multigenerational pedigree of late-onset Alzheimer's disease implies new genetic causes. 1584 24

We describe a case of a young patient suffering from a rapidly progressive cognitive decline, associated with delusions, myoclonus and seizures and with no family history for dementia. Clinical features, along with skin biopsy findings were overlapping storage disease; the genetic analysis, however, demonstrated a de novo presenilin 1 mutation. The present report suggests the usefulness of genetic determinations in early-onset cases of dementia, even without an autosomal dominant trait of inheritance; for these cases and their relatives an extensive genetic counselling should be recommended.
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PMID:Dementia, delusions and seizures: storage disease or genetic AD? 1771 1

Clinical characteristics of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease often differ clinically from sporadic disease with the onset of seizures, spasticity and myoclonus early in the disease course. Similarly imaging characteristics may also differ. We report the findings of relative hyperperfusion by Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT in the medial orbitofrontal cortex and anterior temporal lobe in four affected family members carrying a presenilin 1 mutation. SPECT of the four individuals was compared to an age-matched normal database. We speculate that the findings of relative medial orbitofrontal and anterior temporal lobe hyperperfusion may be a marker of early onset Alzheimer's disease in this family.
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PMID:Relative hyperperfusion by SPECT in a family with a presenilin 1 (T245P) mutation. 1908 59

There are two types of dementia with early onset: (i) presenile dementias; and (ii) senile dementias with early onset. Most patients who develop dementia before 65 years of age have Alzheimer's disease (AD). The remainder are likely to have vascular dementia (VaD), frontotemporal dementia, head injury, alcohol intoxication, or metabolic disorder. Presenile dementias, caused by frontotemporal lobar degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration, usually occur in patients of presenile and are rarely seen in patients of senile age. Although the factors responsible for the accelerated onset of the illness are not fully known, genetic abnormalities appear to be important in some types of presenile dementia, such as frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. Conversely, senile dementias such as sporadic AD and VaD commonly occur in patients of senile age. These disorders may also occur in patients of presenile age, although less frequently. Alzheimer's disease was originally classified as a 'presenile dementia'. Since the 1980s, 'senile dementia of Alzheimer type' (SDAT) and 'Alzheimer's disease' have been considered to belong to the same pathological entity and both are now known as 'dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT)' or merely 'Alzheimer's disease'. Rapid progression of cognitive impairment with neuropsychological syndromes and neurological symptoms has been considered a characteristic of early onset AD. However, recently, neurological symptoms such as spastic paraparesis, seizures, and myoclonic convulsions have been reported to occur infrequently in early onset AD, although language problems and visuospatial dysfunctions are common. There are at least three dominant genes that have been identified in cases of familial Alzheimer's disease with early onset, namely the amyloid precursor gene (APP), and the genes encoding presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and presenilin 2 (PSEN2). Therefore, genetic abnormalities are important factors contributing to the earlier onset of the illness. It is also important to investigate the pathophysiological mechanism in relation to genetic abnormalities, environmental factors, physical illnesses, and metabolic disturbances to understand the processes underlying the development of dementia with early onset.
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PMID:What is 'early onset dementia'? 1960 28

Early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (EOFAD) has been associated with mutations in three genes, of which presenilin 1 (PSEN1) mutations are the most frequent. Here we report a novel PSEN1 mutation in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease with an onset age in the early 40s. Molecular genetic analysis showed a 507-509delATC mutation at codon 169, leading to the deletion of serine in residue 169 (Ser169del). The amnestic presentation and absence of other features contrast with the other two mutations at codon 169 which have been associated with myoclonic jerks and seizures.
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PMID:A novel presenilin 1 mutation (Ser169del) in a Chinese family with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. 1985 43


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