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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty cases of benign focal epilepsy of childhood were reported. The seizures were partial or generalized motor ones in all cases. One patient had episodes of visual hallucination with motor seizures. No objective examination has demonstrated cerebral lesions in all cases. The most characteristic in the present study was that the attacks were in relation to the sleep in 90% of cases, 56.7% of all patients had nocturnal seizure only. The characteristic EEG patterns were the spike or sharp discharges in Rolandic area in 29 cases, and occipital sharps or sharp wave complexes in one patient on normal background activities. The discharge rate of Rolandic spikes or sharps were significantly higher during sleep than during the awake stage, and 12 cases had Rolandic discharges only during sleep. Sleep EEG recordings is suggested when children were suspected of having such kind of seizure type but having a normal EEG pattern when awake. Brief induced sleep is usually adequate.
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PMID:[Benign focal epilepsy of childhood (BFEC)]. 139 39

The sequences of aura sensations in 143 patients with complex partial seizures, were analysed with special emphasis on aphasic symptoms. Anxiety, epigastric sensation and visual hallucination were experienced early in the course of the aura, while illusion of familiarity and aphasia occurred late in the course of the aura. Three groups of interconnections of aura sensations were found which corresponded possibly to the types of seizure constellations proposed by Weiser. Close interconnections between impairment of verbal comprehension during seizures and paroxysmal thought disorder, as well as between paroxysmal paraphasia and illusion of familiarity were noted. Paroxysmal aphasia in patients with complex partial seizures was characterised as a positive symptom in contrast to stable aphasia.
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PMID:The temporal sequence of aura-sensations in patients with complex focal seizures with particular attention to ictal aphasia. 246 40

Visual hallucinations were the presenting symptom in three patients with pituitary adenoma. One patient reported only simple unformed hallucinations, which are a well-documented phenomenon occurring in lesions compressing the optic nerves and chiasm. The other two patients, however, experienced complex formed visual hallucinations believed to be of the release type. No evidence of seizure activity responsible for the hallucinations was found; the mechanism producing them is discussed with correlation to operative findings and electrophysiological studies.
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PMID:Visual hallucinations associated with pituitary adenoma. 356 38

Forty-three patients underwent lumbar myelography with the new, nonionic contrast medium iohexol. Multiple laboratory examinations, neurologic examinations, and electrocardiograms showed no significant alterations after intrathecal injection of the contrast agent. Mild electroencephalographic changes were seen in one patient. Nineteen adverse reactions occurred in 13 patients; only one of them was considered severe. No patient experienced a seizure, auditory or visual hallucination, or similar neuropsychologic reaction. This is a distinct improvement over the side effects described for previous water-soluble contrast agents. The adverse reactions occurring with iohexol myelography are fewer in number and less severe than with metrizamide myelography, and radiographic visualization obtained with iohexol is equal to that obtained with metrizamide. With iohexol, it appears that the most disturbing and disabling neuropsychologic reactions have been reduced to an acceptable minimum.
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PMID:Iohexol lumbar myelography: clinical study. 643 75

Positron computed tomography was used to investigate changes in the local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (LCMRGlc) of the visual cortex. Progressive increases in LCMRGlc were found from eyes-closed control to stimulation with white light, alternating black/white checkerboard pattern, and a complex visual scene of a park, with the associative visual cortex increasing at a faster rate than the primary visual cortex as the visual scene complexity increased. A graded decrease in LCMRGlc of the visual cortex was found with a stepwise deletion of spontaneous cell firing at the retinal, geniculate and cortical level due to lesions. Left/right metabolic symmetry of the visual cortex during monocular stimulation confirms 50% crossing of the human visual system. Neonatal blindness showed no apparent degeneration of the visual cortex and was equivalent to eyes-closed controls. The interictal state of a patient with visual seizures demonstrated a hypometabolic visual cortex with a 2.5-fold increase in metabolism during an ictal visual hallucination.
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PMID:Tomographic mapping of human cerebral metabolism visual stimulation and deprivation. 697 13

A case report of psychomotor status was presented. A 51-year-old male caught a cold and had a high fever at the end of September, 1979. On October 7th, he had a visual hallucination followed by a generalized seizure. After hospitalization he went through several fits of automatism. On October 15th, he was seized with automatism status in which the seizures were repeated every 25 minutes and there was no recovery of consciousness between the seizures. Although an intravenous injection of diazepam interrupted this status, on October 17th he showed subclinical seizure status on the EEG during which automatism traces were rarely found. By the medication of carbamazepine and clonazepam, he improved gradually. CT-scan revealed the disappearance of the right sylvian fissure and CSF showed findings of viral encephalitis. Consequently, he was considered to have been suffering from temporal lobe encephalitis and shown an episode of psychomotor status with automatisms and automatism traces during which typical automatism status was observed as well.
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PMID:Psychomotor status induced by temporal lobe encephalitis. 728 56

We report on an 18-year-old woman with secondary generalized seizure, who developed an auditory disturbance (flat a tone) after carbamazepine (CBZ) administration. She used to have brief episodes of conjugate deviation of the eyes to the right, head heaviness, teleopsia, and visual hallucination since 16 years of age. At the age of 18 years, she developed a tonic-clonic seizures during sleep, and was placed on CBZ 400 mg/day. Immediately after taking the medication, she developed auditory disturbance while she played the musical instruments: she felt as if she played the musical note almost a half tone lower. On admission, neurological examinations and magnetic resonance images of the brain were normal. Electroencephalogram at rest was normal. However, intravenous diphenhydramine injection induced spikes in the left temporo-occipital region, followed by diffuse spike and wave complex. Although the serum CBZ level was reduced to the therapeutic level by lowering CBZ administration from 200 to 150 mg/day, she continued to have the same auditory disturbance. When CBZ administration was discontinued, the symptoms also disappeared. It remains unknown whether such a subtle side effect of CBZ is a common thing, or it can be recognized only by persons who are well trained in music.
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PMID:[Auditory disturbance induced by carbamazepine administration in a patient with secondary generalized seizure]. 766 29

We report a case of visual presevertation in a 67-year-old man. He had been well until 66 years of age when he had brain hemorrhage in the right occipital lobe. After an operation for removal of the hematoma, visual hallucination occurred and persisted for about 6 months. One year and a half later, he had a convulsive seizure and diphenylhydantoin was started. During the two weeks following the convulsion, he several times experienced episodes of visual preservation, visual hallucination and metamorphopsia. MRI revealed an old hemorrhage in the right occipital lobe. 123I-IMP SPECT demonstrated increase of cerebral blood flow of the right medial occipital lobe one day after the episode of visual perseveration and decrease about three weeks after the episode. The mechanism which causes visual perseveration still remains to be clarified. The findings of 123I-IMP SPECT of the present case suggest that visual perseveration may be generated by postictal transient functional excitation of the right occipital lobe.
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PMID:[123I-IMP SPECT findings of visual perseveration in a patient with old hemorrhage in the right occipital lobe]. 799 91

The purpose of this project is to investigate the clinical and brain MR characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encephalitis and encephalomyelitis. Clinical and 30 MR findings of 29 patients with EBV encephalitis or encephalomyelitis were retrospectively reviewed. Patients included 24 with encephalitis, 3 with encephalomyelitis, and 2 with brain-stem encephalitis. Altered consciousness, seizures, visual hallucination, and acute psychotic reaction were the common presentations. Eight patients had positive MR findings. These included T2 prolongation over gray and white matter, periventricular leukomalacia, and brain atrophy. Transient T2 prolongation over gray and white matter was found in one patient. Our results indicate that EBV encephalitis and encephalomyelitis have a wide range of both clinical and MR findings. The MR lesions may disappear in a short period, so the timing for the MR scan may be critical.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis and encephalomyelitis: MR findings. 878 Nov 16

Episodic nocturnal wandering is rare and thought to be an atypical form of nocturnal epilepsy which is responsive to anticonvulsant therapy. We report a case of adult-onset episodic sleep-walking and daytime complex visual hallucination. Ambulatory EEG recordings suggested that both events were ictal phenomenon. Interictal sphenoidal EEG and SPECT studies revealed an epileptogenic focus in the left anterior temporal lobe. During the nocturnal wanderings, the patient had bizarre but non-violent behaviour, and was at risk of minor or severe injury to himself. Both events were completely controlled by carbamazepine for a follow-up period of 8 years. The present case further supports the notion that episodic nocturnal wandering represents an unusual type of nocturnal complex partial seizures.
Seizure 1998 Feb
PMID:Episodic nocturnal wandering and complex visual hallucination. A case with long-term follow-up. 954 29


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