Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among 1000 patients receiving medical treatment at the Budapest Center of Medical Care for Epileptic Children it was possible to repeatedly observe seizure-independent psychic conditions of a critical character. Those conditions which were most frequently observed were classified into six groups, namely Restlessness or pseudodementia caused by frequent seizures. Excessive doses or intolerance of drugs. Exaggerated alarm on the part of the parents. Neglect on the part of the parents. Reactive conditions in those cases where an unsuitable occupation was chosen. In the majority of cases, failures due to the contradiction between the subject's intellectual abilities and the expectations of the persons around him. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of well-timed prophylactic and therapeutic measures.
 ...
PMID:[Problematic psychological status of epileptic children]. 12 69

Intracerebroventricular administration of 10--20 microgram of steroid-O-sulfates induced hypermotility, agitation, salivation, EEG abnormalities, stereotypies, wet dog shakes and seizures. Equivalent effects resulted from 30--200 microgram morphine sulfate (H2SO4 salt), 50 microgram EGTA or 300--400 microgram of sodium sulfate or phosphate, but not chloride, nitrate or acetate. Non-steroid sulfates, steroid glucuronides and steroid phosphates were inactive. Naloxone, previously found to antagonize the excitatory effects of androsterone sulfate, failed to antagonize those of cortisol sulfate, sodium sulfate or EGTA. These findings suggest a role for extracellular calcium ions and for sulfate derived from circulating steroids in central responses to opiates.
 ...
PMID:Opiate-like excitatory effects of steroid sulfates and calcium-complexing agents given cerebroventricularly. 21 60

Strychnine intoxication is manifested by agitation, muscle spasms, and convulsions. We report a case in which intractable convulsions led to severe lactic acidosis which secondarily resulted in visceral (lung, heart, kidney, liver, and brain) collapse and death. Aggressive therapy instituted in the emergency department and aimed at control of seizure activity and lactic acidosis may be lifesaving.
 ...
PMID:Strychnine intoxication. 51 8

In a controlled clinical investigation based on ten patients with simple absences and ten patients with myoclonic atonic seizures, all patients who had insufficient response to conventional antiepileptic treatment received clonazepam (Rivotril [Denmark]; Clonopin, comparable US product) combined with previous antiepileptic drugs. The effects of the combined use of clonazepam and the previous antiepileptid drugs were compared with the effects of placebo combined with the same drugs. The trial was single-blind crossover with sequential analysis. In a daily dose of usually 3 to 6 mg, depending on patient age, the antiepileptic effect of clonazepam was significantly superior to placebo and was estimated as remarkably good. Side-effects of somnolence, fatigue, drowsiness, and coordination disturbances occurred in most of the patients, but subsided spontaneously or could be controlled by slow increase or slight reduction of dosage. Mental sideeffects such as agitation, confusion, and aggressiveness were more troublesome and caused discontinuation of clonazepam in two patients.
 ...
PMID:Clonazepam in the treatment of epilepsy. A controlled clinical trial in simple absences, bilateral massive epileptic myoclonus, and atonic seizures. 81 96

In a group of 120 children with prenatal and postnatal trauma 31 children with epileptic seizures were found who accounted for 25.8% of neuropsychiatric complications in this group. Epilepsy was more frequent in children with a history of asphyxia than after other forms of perinatal trauma. Seizures were observed either immediately after birth or up to the age of 100 months. In children with delayed onset of seizures evidence of abnormal behaviour with excessive motor agitation, sleep and appetite disturbances was found from the very birth. Besides prophylactic measures applied to avoid complications of pregnancy and labour it is indispensable to separate the children with perinatal trauma and group them for further neuropsychiatric observation in outpatient clinics and to begin treatment which may prevent development of frank epilepsy in at least a part of these children and may contribute to better rehabilitation of brain-damaged children.
 ...
PMID:[Prevention of epilepsy in children following birth trauma]. 94 84

In nine cases of phencyclidine hydrochloride poisoning, early signs of overdose included drowsiness, nystagmus, miotic pupils, blood pressure elevation, increased deep tendon reflexes, ataxia, anxiety, and agitation. In more severe cases, seizures, spasticity, and opisthotonos were seen in addition to deep coma and respiratory depression. Treatment included removal by emetics or lavage, hydration, and a quiet, reassuring environment. Spasticity, agitation, and ocular manifestions responded to diazepam. Psychiatric intervention was instituted after the patients were stable and no longer agitated.
 ...
PMID:Phencyclidine. Nine cases of poisoning. 124 71

Flumazenil, a specific benzodiazepine antagonist, was evaluated as adjunctive therapy in the management of benzodiazepine overdose. Thirteen emergency departments enrolled 326 patients in this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial; 162 patients were randomly allocated to receive flumazenil (maximum dose, 30 ml, providing 3 mg of flumazenil), and 164 were allocated to receive placebo (maximum dose, 30 ml). A successful response was the attainment of a score of 1 or 2 on the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGIS), denoting a very much improved or much improved status, 10 minutes after the start of intravenous administration of the test drug. Among those patients whose drug screen revealed the presence of benzodiazepines, 75 (77%) of 97 patients given flumazenil and 13 (16%) of 83 given placebo attained such a response. The mean CGIS score at 10 minutes for benzodiazepine-positive patients treated with flumazenil was 1.95 versus 3.58 for those given placebo. As determined by the Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale, 61% of patients who initially responded became resedated; in these patients, the effect of flumazenil lasted a median of 90 minutes. At the investigator's discretion, patients who did not achieve a criterion response in the double-blind trial could receive open-label flumazenil, titrated as in the double-blind phase. Among the benzodiazepine-positive patients, 9 (53%) of 17 patients from the flumazenil group responded to the additional flumazenil, and 58 (81%) of patients previously given placebo responded. Safety was assessed in all 326 patients given the test drug. The most frequent adverse experiences after the administration of flumazenil were agitation (7%), vomiting (7%), abnormal crying (4%), and nausea (4%); these effects were observed with a lower frequency in the placebo group. Serious adverse experiences were reported in 4 patients; these included seizures and cardiac arrhythmias. Of the 3 patients with seizures, 2 had ingested large doses of cyclic antidepressants in addition to the benzodiazepine. The toxicology screen for 1 of the 2 showed 1900 ng/ml of amoxapine and 900 ng/ml of nortriptyline; the toxicology screen for the other, who also had ventricular tachycardia, showed 1928 ng/ml of loxapine and 301 ng/ml of amoxapine. The results of this study confirm published reports of the efficacy of flumazenil in reversing benzodiazepine-induced sedation in patients with benzodiazepine overdose. This was accomplished irrespective of the presence of coingested drugs. Flumazenil is not recommended for patients with serious cyclic antidepressant poisoning or those who use benzodiazepines therapeutically to control seizure disorders. When used as recommended, however, flumazenil has been shown to have an acceptable safety level.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of benzodiazepine overdose with flumazenil. The Flumazenil in Benzodiazepine Intoxication Multicenter Study Group. 128 3

Twenty-two adult patients with uncontrolled epilepsy and severe learning difficulties were included in an open study of vigabatrin. Patients were all in residential care and had experienced at least 12 seizures during the previous 12 months despite all attempts to optimize antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment. Following a 4 month baseline period, vigabatrin 500 mg twice daily was added to the current AED treatment and the dose increased according to response, up to a maximum of 4 g/day. Ten patients achieved a reduction in seizure frequency of more than 50% during this 4 month dose titration phase. Two patients had no seizures during the baseline period. For the 30 patients with seizures during the baseline period the median improvement in seizure frequency with the addition of vigabatrin was 49% (P = 0.014). The response rate was higher for patients with partial seizures than for those with generalized seizures. Ten patients continued with vigabatrin while the dose of one of their other AEDs was gradually reduced and successfully withdrawn in three patients. Adverse events were reported in 20 patients during the 64 week study period. The most frequently reported events were sedation (8 patients), aggression (4 patients), agitation (3 patients) and ataxia (3 patients). No patients were withdrawn from the study as a consequence of adverse events. Vigabatrin was therefore an effective add-on therapy in 45% of these difficult-to-treat patients and allowed reduction of other AED treatment in a small number.
Seizure 1992 Sep
PMID:Vigabatrin in adults with poorly-controlled epilepsy and learning disabilities. 134 60

Paroxetine is a novel phenylpiperidine compound that acts as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It is a more selective and potent SSRI than fluoxetine, sertraline, or fluvoxamine. Its pharmacokinetics are well suited to clinical use. Its half-life is approximately 24 hours, and it has no active metabolites. As with other SSRIs, there are few clinically significant drug interactions with paroxetine. Clinical studies consistently show that paroxetine alleviates moderate or severe depression and associated anxiety. It begins to act at least as rapidly as the tricyclic antidepressants. Animal data and limited human experience suggest relative safety in overdose and no evidence of teratogenicity. As with other SSRIs, the most common side effect of paroxetine is nausea, which is usually well tolerated. The nausea rarely leads to drug discontinuation or even dosage reduction. Little weight loss or weight gain occurs with paroxetine at doses used to treat depression, and the drug has no effect on the seizure threshold. Unlike other SSRIs, paroxetine has a relatively low incidence of anxiety and agitation. There is no evidence that paroxetine increases suicidal ideation. This supplement will contribute several important new papers to the literature on paroxetine.
 ...
PMID:An overview of paroxetine. 153 19

Levomepromazine (LMP) unexpectedly improved 16 of 23 chronic treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients who were hospitalized in most cases for at least 2 years and who manifested positive symptoms, irritability and, in many cases, restlessness, hostility, uncooperativeness, poor concentration and aggressive behavior. Improvement led to discharge in 7 (6 to a foster home), placement on a waiting list for a foster home in 4 and improved behavior and autonomy in 5 patients. Five subjects developed seizures and 1 agranulocytosis. Whether improvement with LMP is caused by unique antischizophrenic properties or by diminished liability to induce side effects such as akathisia, a formal controlled study of LMP in treatment-resistant schizophrenia is merited.
 ...
PMID:Is levomepromazine a useful drug in treatment-resistant schizophrenia? 156 98


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>