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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epileptic discharges in the EEG record may be found in children not suffering from convulsive seizures. Such discharges often consist of spiking in the rolandic and midtemporal areas (labelled centrotemporal spikes) and less often in the occipital region. They may be multifocal. These focal discharges seem to be age-dependent, tending to disappear during the teenage years. Children displaying such discharges are discovered either through large-scale EEG studies of asymptomatic children or among those who are referred for EEG because of various nonrelated complaints such as headaches, bed-wetting, syncope, behaviour problems, and learning difficulties. Many of them are labelled as suffering from "masked epilepsy" and are considered as epileptics. One hundred such cases are reviewed, and the clinical and EEG data are analysed. Three illustrative case reports are presented, and the literature is critically reviewed. It is maintained that these children are not to be considered as epileptic and should not be treated with anticonvulsant drugs.
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PMID:Focal epileptic EEG discharges in children not suffering from clinical epilepsy: etiology, clinical significance, and management. 679 52

In a case of repeated syncope of abrupt onset and questionable origin, we utilized the continuous ambulatory cassette recorder to document simultaneous electroencephalography/electrocardiography (EEG/ECG) changes. Recording during a spontaneous episode established the cardiogenic origin. Problems in differential diagnosis of syncope and seizure are discussed. With this new instrument, if the initial event in ECG abnormality (as in the present case), further cardiologic study is indicated. If epileptiform EEG activity is primary, neurologic investigation is the direction to pursue; if there is nonepileptiform EEG slowing without ECG abnormality, diagnosis of syncope of noncardiac origin (e.g., hypotension, hypoglycemia) should be considered.
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PMID:Syncope problem solved by continuous ambulatory simultaneous EEG/ECG recording. 702 61

A case of glossopharyngeal neuralgia associated with seizures, syncope, bradycardia, and hypotension is presented. Intracranial section of the 9th cranial nerve and the upper filaments of the 10th cranial nerve resulted in the resolution of all symptoms. The literature is reviewed and the pathogenesis and treatment of the condition are discussed.
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PMID:Glossopharyngeal neuralgia associated with syncope and seizures. 707 Jun 39

Syncope with and without convulsion was studied in unselected blood donors in a community blood center. Convulsive syncope occurred in 0.03% of all blood donors and was more commonly observed when nursing personnel were alerted to its possible occurrence. It was more common in men. Although tonic extensor spasm was the most common convwithout convulsion was studied in unselected blood donors in a community blood center. Convulsive syncope occurred in 0.03% of all blood donors and was more commonly observed when nursing personnel were alerted to its possible occurrence. It was more common in men. Although tonic extensor spasm was the most common convwithout convulsion was studied in unselected blood donors in a community blood center. Convulsive syncope occurred in 0.03% of all blood donors and was more commonly observed when nursing personnel were alerted to its possible occurrence. It was more common in men. Although tonic extensor spasm was the most common convulsive movement, other complex convulsive phenomena occurred, some simulating epileptic seizure. No statistical difference in changes of pulse or blood pressure was found between subjects with convulsive versus nonconvulsive syncope. Similarly, no difference was found between subjects with tonic spasm and those with other convulsive phenomena, nor between those with "early" and those with "delayed" reactions. Marked individual variation may exist in the susceptibility of the central nervous system to ischemia. Some individuals appear to be predisposed to development of seizures in situations of global cerebral ischemia such as occur in hypotension and bradycardia.
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PMID:Convulsive syncope in blood donors. 710 29

A detailed medical history is commonly regarded as a reliable means of classifying unexplained childhood losses of consciousness into diagnostic groups such as febrile seizures, epileptic attacks and breath-holding spells. The authors have tested this assumption by comparing adolescent follow-up status with the initial medical history in 56 individuals who suffered sudden losses of consciousness before age five. Only three of these 56 were epileptic when followed-up in adolescence and only two had received anticonvulsants at any time. The prognosis for 26 individuals with afebrile seizures without evidence of breath-holding syncope was not significantly worse than that for another 16 with febrile seizures. These findings indicate a good prognosis for untreated childhood seizures of a type often classified as epileptic.
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PMID:Reported seizures in early childhood: a 14-year follow-up. 711 5

Based on provisional clinical diagnosis, the choice of computed cranial tomography (CCT) or radionuclide brain scan (RBS) was retrospectively evaluated. In 1,333 selected cases, 551 had CCT only, 560 had RBS only, and 222 had both. CCT was the clinician's preference in cases of dementia, hydrocephalus, hemorrhage, aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), primary tumor, visual abnormality, coma, and multiple sclerosis. RBS was preferred in headache, syncope, seizure, transient ischemic attack (TIA), metastatic disease, and encephalitis. Neither procedure appeared preferable in cases of psychosis, psychiatric disease, cerebral vascular accident (CVA), and abscess. Thirty-eight percent of CCTs yielded abnormal findings, not necessarily correlated with the provisional diagnosis. Thirty percent of RBS showed positive findings, mostly related to vascular abnormalities. On the basis of the provisional clinical diagnosis, CCT was more frequently requested for probable structural changes and RBS for probable perfusion abnormalities.
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PMID:Utility of the provisional clinical diagnosis as a basis for selection of computed tomographic or radionuclide brain scan. 727 14

"T's and B's" is the street name for the combination of pentazocine and tripelennamine. This combination of drugs has emerged as a major intravenous substitute for heroin in recent years, especially in the Midwest. 104 cases involving 82 patients over a 9-month period were seen at St. Elizabeth Medical Center in Dayton, Ohio. Abscesses and cellulitis were seen in 39% of cases. A characteristic drug reaction involved 38% of cases, and consisted of chest pain, agitation, anxiety, muscle spasms, dizziness, diaphoresis, and nausea as well as other symptoms. Seizures, syncope, and near-syncope were seen in 15% of cases, and a previously described pulmonary reaction involved 38% of cases, and consisted of chest pain syndrome was seen in 4% of the cases.
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PMID:"T's and B's"-Midwestern heroin substitute. 731 93

Numerous neurological problems appear in the Sherlock Holmes stories. These include dementia, delirium, seizures, toxic-metabolic encephalopathies, syncope, movement disorders, cerebrovascular disease, and alocholism. Several problems of a neuropsychiatric nature, such as malingering and brain fever, are also reviewed. In addition, Holmes' knowledge of electroencephalography is revealed.
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PMID:Holmes, Watson and neurology. 738 Aug 18

We studied a family with the long QT syndrome. The initial case was in a patient who presented with seizures, ventricular fibrillation, and syncope. After a trial of conventional modalities of treatment including left stellate ganglionectomy, primidone (Mysoline) therapy was initiated. This drug has been successful in suppressing ventricular arrhythmias and shortening the QT interval over a 2-year follow-up period. Two additional family members with QT prolongation have been treated with primidone. During an 8-month follow-up, electrocardiographic and Holter recordings showed shortening of the QT interval.
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PMID:Primidone in the treatment of the long QT syndrome: QT shortening and ventricular arrhythmia suppression. 739 15

In the case of an elderly patient with transient loss of consciousness, the chief differential diagnosis is syncope versus seizure. The most helpful diagnostic aid is a thorough history obtained from both the patient and an observer. The tentative diagnosis based on the history can be confirmed by the findings on physical examination and by such secondary studies as an electroencephalogram and a series of cardiac tests.
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PMID:Evaluating loss of consciousness in the elderly. 743 May 24


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