Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and Carbamazepine have been widely used as anticonvulsants and known to have antiarrhythmic properties. Previous reports have shown that arrhythmias such as sinus bradycardia and atrioventricular block can be induced by these agents. In this paper, sinoatrial block (SA block) induced by these agents which were used as anticonvulsants in 3 aged patients is reported. Thre patients, 2 women and 1 man, were over 60 years old. In 2 cases, administration of DPH for recurrent epileptic seizures was followed by SA block. After withdrawal of DPH, SA block disappeared, but resumption of DPH resulted in SA block again. In 1 of these 2 patients, overdrive suppression test revealed normal sinus node recovery time. In the third patient, in addition to DPH which was administered for epileptic seizures, Carbamazepine was given for shoulder pain, then SA block occurred. Withdrawal of these agents restored normal sinus rhythm and combined administration of these 2 agents again induced SA block. Autopsy revealed decreased conduction cells in the sinus node.
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PMID:Three cases of sinoatrial block induced by anticonvulsants. 73 79

A female swimming instructor was seen with chronic bilateral shoulder pain and loss of range of motion. Intensive physical therapy significantly improved the range of motion but did not alleviate the pain. Osteopathic manipulative treatment produced no further improvement in pain or function. Results of laboratory tests were all within normal limits. Four months after the initial consultation, the patient, who was taking medication for tonic/clonic seizures, recalled that her symptoms began after her anticonvulsant medication was switched from hydantoin sodium to phenobarbital. Therefore, phenobarbital-induced fibromyalgia was diagnosed. In 4 months, pain had completely disappeared. The authors discuss several theories regarding the cause of fibromyalgia and the mechanism of action of phenobarbital, including its relationship to sleep disturbance, a probable contributor to pain and dysfunction in the patient described.
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PMID:Phenobarbital-induced fibromyalgia as the cause of bilateral shoulder pain. 767 10

During normal pregnancy, serum transaminase levels remain within normal limits. An elevated level observed in a pregnant woman always signals a disease process, most often of hepatic origin, but in certain cases, of muscular origin. During the last three months of pregnancy and in the immediate post partum period a large number of liver diseases can cause elevated transaminase levels, depending upon the clinical presentation. In everyday practice, a complete liver battery together with specialized consultation is required for all pregnant women with raised transaminase levels. Toxaemia gravis may be evident in patients with severely raised blood pressure, especially if seizures occur. Epigastric or subcostal pain should suggest hepatic involvement. Hypertension may however be absent and epigastric or left shoulder pain may be the only clinical signs. Acute liver steatosis is 20 to 50 times more rare than toxaemia and may cause nausea and vomiting. Certain non-specific signs such as asthenia, anorexia, polyalgia, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and fever, together with pruritus should suggest acute hepatitis. A 25-fold increase in transaminase level is commonly encountered. The risk of fulminating hepatitis is less than 1/1000 but should always be entertained. All drugs should be stopped and careful research for recent xenobiotic contamination (drugs, infusions, alphamethyldopa, etc.) should be undertaken. Viral hepatitis requires serovaccination of the newborn at birth. Herpetic hepatitis is rare but requires rapid diagnosis (liver biopsy) and treatment with acyclovir in addition to cesarean section and treatment of the newborn at birth. Rare cases of hepatitis E may occur after a stay in North Africa, the Middle-East, Southeast Asia or Mexico. Chronic cases with or without temporary pruritus suggest infectious hepatitis B or C although, in chronic hepatitis C, serum transaminase levels often return to normal during pregnancy. Rare cases of asymptomatic elevations of serum transaminase levels can reveal subclinical chronic hepatitis.
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PMID:[Significance of elevated transaminase levels at the end of pregnancy]. 802 21

This self-directed learning module highlights new advances in the understanding of co-morbid conditions and medical complications of stroke. It is part of the chapter on stroke rehabilitation in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article covers co-morbid conditions of stroke patients, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and sleep apnea. It reviews recent information on complications of stroke, including deep venous thrombosis, dysphagia and aspiration, hospital-acquired infections, depression, falls, spasticity, shoulder pain, and seizures. Treatment advances in diabetes, depression, and spasticity are highlighted. Recent information is presented regarding exercise guidelines for the stroke patient with cardiovascular disease, the relationship between stroke and sleep apnea, prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis, the changing spectrum of hospital-acquired infections, malnutrition in stroke patients, the problem of falls during rehabilitation, the evaluation and management of poststroke shoulder pain, and the risk of seizures after stroke.
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PMID:Stroke rehabilitation. 2. Co-morbidities and complications. 1032 98

We encountered a young man treated with anticonvulsant therapy who had greatly reduced bone mineral density. An 18-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for shoulder pain and further evaluation of decreased bone mineral density. He had been treated with anticonvulsants, including phenytoin, phenobarbital, valproic acid and zonisamide for seizures. Although testosterone was found within the normal range for adult men, the serum estrogen concentration was below the detection limit (< 10 pg/ml) and his wrist epiphyses were not yet closed. After 10 months of treatment with the conjugated estrogen, both his height and weight showed improvement, while his bone mineral density and bone age were increased. These findings suggested that estrogen therapy had a significant effect on his skeletal growth and bone maturation in man. This is the first report showing the beneficial effect of estrogen supplementation in an epileptic man receiving treatment with anticonvulsants.
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PMID:Estrogen supplementation for bone dematuration in young epileptic man treated with anticonvulsant therapy; a case report. 1046 15

We present two patients with complaints of shoulder pain after an epileptic seizure. Both patients had a posterior dislocation fracture of the shoulder. After reviewing the literature the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) A posterior shoulder dislocation fracture is rare. (2) One should not underestimate the muscular forces in seizure disorders and be alert for dislocation fractures of the shoulder and/or other joints. (3) The diagnosis is frequently missed, but an axillary radiograph or a CT scan always reveals the fracture.
Seizure 2000 Sep
PMID:Posterior dislocation fractures of the shoulder in seizure disorders--two case reports and a review of literature. 1098 5

The authors reported a case of niclofolan intoxication occurred during the trial of clonorchiasis treatment. The case, a 15 years old Korean schoolboy, took niclofolan(Bilevon(R)) of total 473 mg(11 mg/kg) in 11 divided doses during 20 days. And the case suffered from neurologic symptoms such as severe headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, papilledema, retinal hemorrhage, an epsiode of seizure attack and elevated intracranial pressure, and hepatotoxic symptoms such as hepatomegaly, increased serum transaminases, and shoulder pain, excessive sweating and weight loss. Therapy was concentrated to the management of the elevated intracranial pressure. Hepatotoxic manifestations subsided within one month. The clinical signs related to elevated intracranial pressure persisted two months. Body weight regained after 2 months. And the symptoms of headache, dizziness and vomiting were complained intermittently until 4 months after onset. However, no subsequent clinical problems related with this episode has been noted until this record.
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PMID:A Case Of Niclofolan (Bilevon(R)) Intoxication. 1290

Stroke is the leading cause of disability and one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Outside the setting of acute management, secondary prevention and stroke rehabilitation, little has been written to address the ongoing symptomatic and palliative needs of these patients and their families. In this literature review, we look beyond secondary prevention with the aim of providing evidence-informed management guidelines for the myriad and often under-recognized symptomatic and palliative care needs of stroke survivors. Some of the most common and disabling post-stroke symptoms that are reviewed here include central post-stroke pain, hemiplegic shoulder pain, painful spasticity, fatigue, incontinence, post-stroke seizures, sexual dysfunction, sleep-disordered breathing, depression and emotionalism. We review the role of caregivers and explore ways to support them and, lastly, remind the reader to be perceptive to the patient's spiritual needs. The literature is most robust, including controlled trials, for central post-stroke pain and depression. Synthesis and discussion outside these areas are frequently limited to smaller studies, case reports and expert opinion. While some data exists to guide informed decision-making, there is an urgent need to document best practice and identify appropriate clinical standards for the full spectrum of symptoms experienced by stroke survivors. We present the current and established data to aid health care providers in symptomatic and palliative management of stroke survivors.
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PMID:Symptomatic and palliative care for stroke survivors. 2252 22

Non-traumatic fractures mostly present a diagnostic dilemma. Fracture risk is less reported in non-epileptic seizures. Various metabolic conditions leading to a decrease in bone mineral density may also cause fractures. The authors report the case of non-traumatic fracture of an old woman who presented with fever, shortness of breath and right shoulder pain without any history of epilepsy. Episode of seizures was noted prior to admission. The patient had poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and severe hypoglycaemia was noted at the time of admission. She was admitted to a medical ward for a severe chest infection. Non-traumatic fracture dislocation of the right shoulder was also noted upon admission and treated conservatively. Bilateral hip fractures were not diagnosed till the fourth day. Patient had multiple comorbidities making the management very difficult. Here the authors will discuss the possible aetiology of this pattern of pathologies and the multidisciplinary management of such a rare case in detail.
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PMID:Spontaneous bilateral neck of femur fractures and shoulder dislocation. 2271 62

Bilateral anterior dislocation of the shoulder is a rare condition. Most of the cases are seen as posterior dislocations which generally occur during diffuse tonic-clonic contractions of epileptic seizures or after being exposed to strong electric shock. In this article, we report a 21-year-old epileptic patient who had severe bilateral shoulder pain and joint restriction. Diagnoses of bilateral, locked, anterior shoulder dislocation and Hill-Sachs lesions were made with shoulder X-rays and computed tomography. Arthroscopic Bankart repair and remplissage technique were applied in surgical treatment of both shoulders. Posterior dislocations of shoulder usually occur during epileptic seizures but anterior dislocations are rare in the literature. This may lead to delay in diagnosis. Computed tomography scan may be helpful in making diagnosis in uncertain patients. It should not be forgotten that recurrent anterior dislocations may be seen in epileptic patients. Such dislocations should be followed up regularly and instability must be treated to prevent excessive damage to the shoulder.
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PMID:Bilateral, locked, recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation: case report. 2574 22


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