Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An elderly woman who had spinal epidural anesthesia thereafter had headache, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, dehydration, seizures, and cardiovascular collapse. CAT scan revealed air in the posterior fossa, probably caused by intradural injection of air during epidural anesthesia. We propose that this may be an occasional cause of headache or more substantial complications after epidural anesthesia, and suggest that CAT scanning may be helpful in identifying this complication.
 ...
PMID:Pneumocephaly from epidural anesthesia. 682 9

Clinical and electroencephalographical investigations were made on the 234 patients with neuropsychiatric disorders, showing small sharp spikes (sss) on EEG. Incidence of sss was significantly higher in patients with epilepsy (8.6%) than in the non-epileptic cases (2.5%), especially in early age groups (11-35 years). Some differences in clinical features and in characteristics of sss were found between the epileptic patients and the non-epileptic patients; namely, 1) In majority of the subjects (97%), sss were observed exclusively in stage 1 and 2 of sleep, however, 8 epileptic patients exhibited sss in deep sleep (stage 3) or in awake state, as well as in light sleep. 2) In the non-epileptic group, females (3.4%) showed significantly higher incidence of sss than males (1.7%), while there was no sex difference in the epileptic group. 3) Of the non-epileptic patients, 45% had autonomic symptoms, such as headache, dizziness, tinnitus, nausea and vomiting, while there was no significant correlation between particular neuropsychiatric diagnosis and the EEG pattern. Among the non-epileptics, 72% showed normal EEG except for sss and in 89% sss appeared bilaterally but commonly bilaterally independently. 4) As to relation of sss to seizure types of epilepsy, complex partial seizures showed significantly higher incidence of sss (25.2%) than simple partial seizures (7.5%) and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (6.5%). In the patients with epilepsy, sss were often observed unilaterally predominantly (49%), especially in the patients with complex partial seizure (57%). In complex partial seizure, unilateral sss coincided with laterality of anterior-temporal seizure discharges in 68%. According to the results, the authors suggested that sss has some electroencephalographical significance, probably on mechanisms relating to epileptogenic dysfunction, particularly that of complex partial seizures.
 ...
PMID:[Clinico-electroencephalographical significance of small sharp spikes]. 686 May

Thirty-seven patients with acute leukemia in relapse were treated with a three-drug combination that included a 3- or 4-day course of AMSA with total doses ranging from 600 mg/m2 to 740 mg/m2 I.V., cytosine arabinoside 25 mg/m2 I.V. followed by 200 mg/m2 by continuous infusion daily for 5 days, and thioguanine 100 mg/m2 p.o. q 12h for 5 days. Eight of the 25 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia achieved a complete remission and 3 a partial remission. None of the five patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia achieved a response and there was one partial remission in the seven patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or blastic CML. Reversible toxicity included nausea and vomiting (78%), alopecia (100%), pancytopenia (100%), mild stomatitis (63%), and hepatic dysfunction (24%). One patient developed seizures and cardiac arrhythmias. The activity of this combination in heavily treated patients with ANLL is comparable to that of the anthracycline-containing regimens, and its use in previously untreated patients with ANLL should now be explored.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of acute leukemia in relapse with 4'(9-acridinylamino) methanesulfon-m-anisidide (AMSA) in combination with cytosine arabinoside and thioguanine. 689 90

Large intramuscular doses of a water-miscible preparation of vitamin A (500,000 I.U. retinyl acetate/ml), vitamin E (50 I.U./ml) and vitamin D2 (50,000 I.U./ml) were administered to young monkeys (Macacus fascicularis) weighing 1-1.8 kg. At vitamin A doses equivalent to 200 mg retinol/kg or higher, early signs of acute toxicity included yawning, apparent drowsiness, nausea and vomiting, head shaking, neck hyperextension, motor hyperactivity and coordination. These immediate signs were first noted 3-35 minutes after injection. Following apparent recovery at 1-2 hrs, longer term signs of toxicity, such as decreased activity, malaise, drowsiness, loss of appetite, loss of weight, and itchiness of the skin, appeared within 1-6 days, depending on the dose. Monkeys receiving the highest lethal doses became progressively weaker, showed labored breathing, lapsed into a coma, lost simple reflexes and then died. Respiratory failure usually preceded the cessation of heart beat. In some monkeys on a lower but lethal dose, death was preceded by generalized convulsive seizures. The time of onset of the first sign and survival time were inversely proportional to the dosage, but in individual monkeys no correlation existed between onset time and survival time. Female monkeys seemed to succumb faster to a lethal dose than male monkeys. All animals receiving the equivalent of 300 mg retinol/kg died. Under the conditions used, the LD50 was estimated to be 168 mg retinol (560 000 I>U.) per body weight.
 ...
PMID:A lethal hypervitaminosis A syndrome in young monkeys (Macacus fascicularis) following a single intramuscular dose of a water-miscible preparation containing vitamins A, D2 and E. 697 50

During the 1980 influenza B outbreak in King County, Washington, 11 children whose asthma had previously been controlled with a stable theophylline dose, developed theophylline toxicity on this same dose. Two had seizures, eight had nausea and vomiting, and three had headaches. All had clinical evidence of a febrile viral illness. The toxicity appeared to be related to decreased theophylline clearance, which gradually returned to preillness levels over a period of one to three months. Six of ten children had serologic evidence of influenza B, which is presumed to be the cause of the altered clearance. In children receiving chronic theophylline therapy, symptoms of vomiting, headaches, or seizures during a viral illness may be due to theophylline toxicity rather than the virus. Such patients should have an immediate serum theophylline determination, even if previous levels have been in the therapeutic range.
 ...
PMID:Altered theophylline clearance during an influenza B outbreak. 707 Aug 95

In patients with lumbago-sciatica levomepromazine is a potent supplement to analgetics in pain treatment. The hypothesis that neuroleptics increase the risk of epileptic seizures after metrizamide myelography was not confirmed in a series of 77 patients, 26 with and 51 without levomepromazine medication, before and after lumbar metrizamide myelography. No differences existed between the groups with regard to the appearance of EEG abnormalities such as slow waves or spikes. Mild side effects were more frequent in the levomepromazine group, except nausea and vomiting. Lumbar metrizamide epidurography in 30 patients did not cause any abnormal EEG.
 ...
PMID:Effect of levomepromazine on EEG and on clinical side effects after lumbar myelography with metrizamide. 709 Aug 46

Ethylbis(2,2-dimethyl-1-aziridinyl)phosphinate (AB-163) was used to treat 27 patients in a phase I trial. The limiting toxicity on a weekly schedule of IV administration involved nausea and vomiting associated with a variety of cholinergic side effects, including possible seizures. A starting dose of 300--400 mg/M2/week is suggested for a Phase II trial. One partial response in a patient with squamous-cell carcinoma of the cervix metastatic to the lungs was seen.
 ...
PMID:Phase I study of ethylbis(2,2-dimethyl-1-aziridinyl) phosphinate (AB-163). 736 2

The parenteral carbapenem meropenem is relatively stable to inactivation by human renal dehydropeptidase (DHP-1) and does not require concomitant administration of a DHP-1 inhibitor such as cilastatin. It has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity in vitro, the majority of Gram-negative, Gram-positive and anaerobic pathogens being highly susceptible to the drug. Meropenem has shown clinical and bacteriological efficacy in the treatment of a wide range of serious infections in adults and children which is at least comparable with that of currently available treatment options. Its clinical and bacteriological efficacy is similar to that of imipenem/cilastatin, clindamycin plus tobramycin and cefotaxime plus metronidazole in the treatment of intraabdominal infections; cefotaxime or ceftriaxone in the treatment of meningitis; imipenem/cilastatin, and ceftazidime with or without an aminoglycoside, in lower respiratory tract infections; and imipenem/cilastatin or ceftazidime in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Satisfactory clinical and bacteriological response rates have also been achieved in patients with skin and skin structure infections, obstetric and gynaecological infections or septicaemia, and in immunocompromised patients with febrile episodes. Preliminary findings also indicate efficacy in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. The tolerability profile of meropenem is generally similar to that of comparator agents, although it is associated with a lower incidence of adverse gastrointestinal effects (nausea and vomiting) than imipenem/cilastatin. Importantly, the incidence of seizures in patients with meningitis is not increased following administration of meropenem. Thus, meropenem is an effective broad spectrum antibacterial drug for the treatment of a wide range of infections including polymicrobial infections in both adults and children, with comparable efficacy to imipenem/cilastatin and various other treatment regimens. Meropenem is likely to be of greatest value as empiric monotherapy in the treatment of serious infections for those caused by multiply-resistant pathogens. Further clinical experience is necessary, however, to ultimately define its place in therapy.
 ...
PMID:Meropenem. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy. 758 92

A phase I-II clinical trial was conducted to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of oral cyclosporine (CsA) and vinblastine in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) as well as to estimate the response rate. Sixteen patients received a 5 mg/kg oral loading dose of CsA followed by 3 days of CsA in 4 divided daily doses escalating from 10 mg/kg per day up to 17 mg/kg per day. Vinblastine (Vbl) was administered as an intravenous bolus on the morning of the 3rd day with dose escalation from 6 to 10 mg/m2. Cycles were repeated every 4 weeks until tumor progression. Forty-nine cycles of CsA with vinblastine were administered. The maximum tolerated dose of Vbl was 10 mg/m2, with neutropenia as the dose-limiting toxicity resulting in one death. CsA could not be escalated above 17 mg/kg per day because of nausea and vomiting. Other toxicities included constipation (100%), malaise (100%), temporary increase in pain (36%), and one seizure that may have been drug-related. There were no clinically significant changes in renal function or serum bilirubin. Mean peak whole-blood CsA level at the highest CsA dose level was 919 ng/ml (range: 414-1,827) with a trough prior to Vbl injection of 451 ng/ml (range: 128-1,229). There were no tumor responses. The combination of oral CsA and Vbl is not nephrotoxic but is poorly tolerated. In most patients optimal blood levels of CsA for reversal of MDR cannot be reliably achieved, and vinblastine dose intensity must be compromised because of the significant toxicity of this regimen.
 ...
PMID:Phase I-II study of vinblastine and oral cyclosporin A in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. 774 14

During normal pregnancy, serum transaminase levels remain within normal limits. An elevated level observed in a pregnant woman always signals a disease process, most often of hepatic origin, but in certain cases, of muscular origin. During the last three months of pregnancy and in the immediate post partum period a large number of liver diseases can cause elevated transaminase levels, depending upon the clinical presentation. In everyday practice, a complete liver battery together with specialized consultation is required for all pregnant women with raised transaminase levels. Toxaemia gravis may be evident in patients with severely raised blood pressure, especially if seizures occur. Epigastric or subcostal pain should suggest hepatic involvement. Hypertension may however be absent and epigastric or left shoulder pain may be the only clinical signs. Acute liver steatosis is 20 to 50 times more rare than toxaemia and may cause nausea and vomiting. Certain non-specific signs such as asthenia, anorexia, polyalgia, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and fever, together with pruritus should suggest acute hepatitis. A 25-fold increase in transaminase level is commonly encountered. The risk of fulminating hepatitis is less than 1/1000 but should always be entertained. All drugs should be stopped and careful research for recent xenobiotic contamination (drugs, infusions, alphamethyldopa, etc.) should be undertaken. Viral hepatitis requires serovaccination of the newborn at birth. Herpetic hepatitis is rare but requires rapid diagnosis (liver biopsy) and treatment with acyclovir in addition to cesarean section and treatment of the newborn at birth. Rare cases of hepatitis E may occur after a stay in North Africa, the Middle-East, Southeast Asia or Mexico. Chronic cases with or without temporary pruritus suggest infectious hepatitis B or C although, in chronic hepatitis C, serum transaminase levels often return to normal during pregnancy. Rare cases of asymptomatic elevations of serum transaminase levels can reveal subclinical chronic hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:[Significance of elevated transaminase levels at the end of pregnancy]. 802 21


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>