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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Within 20 months 145 ascending thoracocervical myelographies and 155 lumbar myelographies with the nonionic water-soluble contrast medium iopamidol were performed. The iodine concentration given was 250 mg I/ml or 200 mg I/ml respectively. The total iodine never exceeded 2.5 g (8-10 ml). Image quality was assessed in terms of diagnostic value having experience of more than 1,000 myelographies using metrizamide. Picture quality was similar to metrizamide of equal iodine concentration. In 35 patients electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded before and after myelography with iopamidol 250. No changes that could be referred to the contrast medium were seen. There were no adverse reactions to lumbar myelography other than those following the lumbar puncture. In thoracocervical myelography mild and transient side effects occurred in 41 (28.3%). The most common were headache (41 cases), nausea (12), radicular pain (10), and dizziness (five). General seizures and psychopathologic symptoms were not observed.
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PMID:Clinical experience with iopamidol for myelography. 641 Jul 31

An open, non comparative study of cervical myelography in 68 adult patients using iohexol (Omnipaque) containing 300 mg I/ml is reported. Satisfactory visualisation was achieved in all cases. Minor adverse effects occurred in 13 patients (19%); they were headache (8), neck or back pain (3), vomiting (3), nausea (1), dizziness (1) and nystagmus (1) and were of minor degree in most and moderate in a few, lasting more than 24 hours in only one patient. EEG performed in 39 patients before and 24 h after the myelogram showed no seizure activity or significant change. Iohexol is a very satisfactory drug for all types of myelography.
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PMID:Cervical myelography with iohexol. 647 36

A recently proposed diagnostic class, psychotic trigger reaction, is deduced from careful clinical studies of eight white men, who upon a very specific trigger stimulus committed murder or attempted to (and in one case also rape). The new class is defined as a sudden ego-alien, motiveless (at least with respect to aggression), motor-wise well organized, violent complex action without emotional concomitants. The action is evoked (not provoked) by an individually unique stimulus within a specific context reviving repeated past traumatic experience. Typically there is no (significant) loss of consciousness and practically full recall. Observed are first-time hallucinations (visual, auditory, tactile, somesthetic, but not olfactory as in temporal lobe epilepsy) and signs of imbalance in the autonomic nervous system (loss of bladder control, ejaculation, profuse sweating, nausea). Only four of these men had previous psychiatric diagnoses (and then various ones) or abnormal EEGs at some time in their lives. Variety in prior diagnoses would be consistent with a seizure-like disorder, here specifically implicating an imbalance in functioning between limbic and frontal lobe systems. Clinical tests for the latter were prevailingly indicative of dysfunctioning. A detailed clinical analysis of the violent acts within their context suggests behaviors are analogous to certain limbic system mechanisms, especially the kindling phenomenon.
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PMID:Specific stimulus-evoked violent action in psychotic trigger reaction: a seizure-like imbalance between frontal lobe and limbic systems? 649 48

Five adults were treated successfully for severe theophylline poisoning due to intentional overdosage. Clinical features included nausea, tremor, delirium, hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias, metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia. No seizures or deaths occurred despite very high serum theophylline concentrations (between 96 and 194 mug per ml). Extreme elevations of plasma catecholamines were documented and are implicated in the toxicity. beta-Blockade with intravenous administration of propranolol hydrochloride was the most effective therapy for theophylline-induced hypotension. All patients were treated with resin hemoperfusion, which resulted in significant clinical improvement and rapid lowering of the serum theophylline level.
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PMID:Use of beta-blockade and hemoperfusion for acute theophylline poisoning. 650 85

Psychogenic epidemics cover various forms of collective behavior and include mass hysteria, mass psychogenic illness, and hysterical contagion for which no physical explanation can be found. The typical course of a psychogenic epidemic at a workplace progresses from sudden onset, often with dramatic symptoms, to a rapidly attained peak that draws much publicity and is followed by quick disappearance of the symptoms. Over 90% of the affected persons are women, and the symptoms range from dizziness, vomiting, nausea, and fainting to epileptic-type seizures, hyperventilation, and skin disorders. The background mechanisms are thought to be generalized beliefs and triggering events which create a sense of threat that leads to a physiological state of arousal. This state, in turn, creates new beliefs which give meaning to the sense of arousal. The new belief spreads through sociometric channels. Predisposing factors include boredom, pressure to produce, physical stressors, poor labor-management relations, and impaired interpersonal communications, and lack of social support. It is important that a thorough investigation be carried out in all instances. Investigation is not only necessary for diagnosis, but it also reassures the management, the employees, and the press that physical factors are unlikely to be responsible for the disease.
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PMID:Psychogenic epidemics and work. 653 52

Methyl bromide (MeBr) is used as an insecticide fumigant. Four deaths and three recent hospitalizations have resulted from exposures to MeBr in Dade County, FL. Six cases occurred during burglaries of tented houses over a nine-month period. In four lethal exposures, the symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and malaise preceded fulminant respiratory failure. Two of these also had seizures, delirium, and agitation. Serum or plasma bromide ion levels ranged from 40 to 583 mg/L. Pulmonary edema, hyaline membranes, and hemorrhagic alveolitis were present at autopsy along with varying degrees of cerebral edema. The nonlethal exposures resulted in symptoms of conjunctival irritation, headache, or nausea. Plasma bromide concentrations varied between 17.5 and 321 mg/L. Methyl bromide characteristics, use, morbidity, and mortality in Florida during the past 25 years are reviewed. Remedies for illegal entry are proposed.
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PMID:Death and injury caused by methyl bromide, an insecticide fumigant. 661 79

A 30-year-old woman, who, since the age of 20, had epileptic seizures, was hospitalized in 1972 because of frontal headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Clinical examination revealed a right cerebellar syndrome; gamma-encephalogram showed a focus of subtentorial hyperactivity; iodoventriculography showed a deformation of the aqueduct. At surgery, a posterior fossa tumor implanted on the dura mater and tentorium of the right cerebellar fossa was enucleated. The histologic features were those of giant lymph node hyperplasia. Postoperative craniospinal radiotherapy was administered. Ten years later the patient was in good health and neurogically normal.
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PMID:Intracranial lesion resembling giant lymph node hyperplasia. 663 84

Meningiomas are the most popular benign intracranial tumors, but they are rarely seen as a multiple growth. The incidence of multiple meningiomas, defined by Cushing and Eisenhardt, is about 1 to 2 per cent of all meningioma cases. Though many cases of the multiple meningiomas were reported previously in the world, some of them were concomitant with von Recklinghausen's disease or acoustic neurinoma. Most of the cases of the multiple meningiomas reported showed multiple lesion at the time of operation or after a few years of the initial operation. We have encountered two patients with multiple meningioma without the stigmata of von Recklinghausen's disease in our clinic. Case 1. A 58-year-old female visited the hospital complaining of headache and occasional nausea on February 6, 1980. Plain and enhanced cT confirmed a large tumor in the right parietal region and three small tumor nodules in the right occipital region. Carotid angiogram detected only two tumors of frontal falx. Apparent two tumor stains were seen on the region, and they were fed by meningeal frontal and parietal region, and they were fed by meningeal arteries through the right ophthalmic artery. A large tumor of parietal and a small tumor of frontal region on the right side of falx were removed. Three nodular tumors of right occipital convexity were extirpated at the same time. Histological examination of the tumors disclosed all extirpated tumors were fibroblastic meningioma. Case 2. A 61-year-old male developed convulsive seizure of the right upper limb and right side of the face was diagnosed as having convexity meningioma in the left parietal region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Multiple meningioma]. 664 42

Patients with renal failure may manifest a variety of neurologic disorders. Patients with chronic renal failure who have not yet received dialytic therapy may develop a symptom complex progressing from mild sensorial clouding to delirium and coma, with tremor, asterixis, multifocal myoclonus, and seizures. After the institution of adequate maintenance dialysis therapy, patients may continue to be afflicted with more subtle nervous dysfunction, including impaired mentation, generalized weakness, and peripheral neuropathy. These central nervous system disorders are referred to as uremic encephalopathy. The dialytic treatment of end-stage renal disease has itself been associated with the emergence of two distinct, new disorders of the central nervous system; dialysis dysequilibrium and dialysis dementia. The dialysis disequilibrium syndrome consists of headache, nausea, muscle cramps, obtundation, and seizures, and is a consequence of the initiation of dialysis therapy in some patients. Dialysis dementia is a progressive, generally fatal encephalopathy which affects patients on chronic hemodialysis. There are at least three different forms of dialysis encephalopathy: sporadic, epidemic; and that associated with renal disease in children. In addition to the foregoing neurologic diseases which are specifically related to uremia and/or dialysis, a number of other neurologic disorders occur with increased frequency in patients with end-stage renal disease on chronic hemodialysis. These include subdural hematoma, electrolyte disorders, vitamin deficiencies, drug intoxication, hypertensive encephalopathy, and acute trace element intoxication. Renal transplantation is associated with a variety of central nervous system infections, reticulum cell sarcoma, and central pontine myelinosis. The present manuscript will review the clinical, structural, and biochemical components of those neurologic disorders which are peculiar to the uremic state and its treatment with dialysis.
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PMID:Uremic encephalopathies: clinical, biochemical, and experimental features. 675 30

The value of sodium valproate in the management of patients during withdrawal from alcohol dependence has been assessed. Alcoholic inpatients were randomly allocated to two groups - one treated with sodium valproate and the other acting as a control. All patients received multivitamins and fluid and electrolyte replacement, and some received chlormethiazole or other tranquillisers. Treatment with sodium valproate (1200 mg daily) was continued for one week. The occurrence of seizures and other withdrawal symptoms (tremulousness, nausea, sweating, disorientation) were noted daily. Forty-nine episodes of withdrawal have been included in the trial - 22 in the sodium valproate group and 27 in the control group. Five patients, all in the control group, had seizures. Other withdrawal symptoms disappeared more quickly in the sodium valproate group even though fewer patients were receiving chlormethiazole.
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PMID:Sodium valproate in the treatment of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. 678 23


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