Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of agenesis of the internal carotid artery combined with arachnoid cyst is reported. This 11-year-old boy had occasionally complained headache and nausea since he was of 9 years old. He was admitted to our hospital because of an epileptic seizure. Physical and neurological examinations on admission were normal. A CT scan showed a cystic mass in retrocerebellar region. MRI suggested absence of flow void area indicating internal carotid artery in the cavernous sinus on left side. Left common carotid angiogram showed absence of the internal carotid artery. Bilateral A2 segments were supplied by right A1 with tortuous anterior communicating artery. Left middle cerebral artery and left ophthalmic artery were supplied via dilated left posterior communicating artery on left vertebral angiogram. Thin slice, axial target image of the CT revealed absence of the left bony carotid canal. MRI by 3D TOF method confirmed no blood flow in this area. MR angiography provided sufficient information about cervical vessels non-invasively. 123I-IMP SPECT image ascertained no hypoperfusion area in left cerebral hemisphere. Convulsion was controlled with sodium valproate. Association of agenesis of the internal carotid artery and arachnoid cyst could be a coincidence.
 ...
PMID:[Agenesis of the internal carotid artery--report of a case combined with arachnoid cyst in a child]. 163 34

Citalopram is an antidepressant belonging to a new class of drugs which enhance serotoninergic neurotransmission through potent and selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake. Preliminary trials suggest that its short term therapeutic efficacy is significantly greater than that of placebo and mianserin, and comparable to that of amitriptyline, maprotiline and imipramine. It appears to be a weaker antidepressant agent than clomipramine, but better tolerated. Its elimination half-life of 33 hours permits once daily oral administration. Symptomatic improvement obtained with short term treatment has been maintained when therapy has been extended for up to 1 year; in the few patients studied for this extended period, the relapse rate was lower than with fluvoxamine, fluoxetine or imipramine. Compared to standard antidepressant agents, citalopram is well tolerated. It does not appear to be cardiotoxic, has not been associated with seizures in humans, and is relatively nonsedating. Unlike the tricyclic antidepressants, citalopram has minimal anticholinergic effects. Mild and transient nausea, with or without vomiting, is the most frequent adverse effect--occurring in 20% of patients--and increased perspiration, headache, dry mouth, tremor and insomnia are experienced by 15 to 18% of patients. Citalopram thus offers similar therapeutic efficacy and a more favourable tolerability profile than the tricyclic antidepressants. Preliminary data suggest that it may be particularly useful in patients who cannot tolerate the anticholinergic or cardiovascular side effects of tricyclic antidepressants and in those for whom sedation is not indicated.
 ...
PMID:Citalopram. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in depressive illness. 171 47

Photosensitivity has proved to be a useful model to study the acute effects of experimental antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The photosensitivity range is usually diminished or even abolished after administration of a known or experimental AED. An increase in photosensitivity, an unexpected reaction, was found in four photosensitive epileptic patients after oral ingestion of 500, 100, or 50 mg of Org 6370. Moreover, the three patients receiving doses of 100 and 500 mg reported nausea, dizziness, restlessness, and an increase in spontaneous epileptic seizures (myoclonus and in one patient a generalized tonic-clonic convulsion). The side effects coincided with peak Org 6370 serum levels. Our findings indicate that in the photosensitivity model experimental drugs with proven anticonvulsant properties in animals may increase rather than decrease the degree of patient photosensitivity. Photosensitive patients may represent a special subgroup of epileptic patients and therefore need to be classified as such.
 ...
PMID:Preliminary assessment of the efficacy of Org 6370 in photosensitive epileptic patients: paradoxical enhancement of photosensitivity and provocation of myoclonic seizures. 173 47

Multicenter noncomparative trials of intramuscular administration of imipenem/cilastatin for the treatment of a variety of infections requiring multiple-dose therapy are reviewed. Fourteen centers in the United States and 18 centers elsewhere participated in these studies. A total of 686 patients (461 evaluable) were treated worldwide. The severity of the infection was rated as moderate in 58.9%, mild in 37.2% and severe in 0.6%. The most common sites of infection were the skin and soft tissue (36.2%) and intra-abdominal (17.6%). Polymicrobial infections were relatively common (27%). Dosing regimens in evaluable patients were 500 mg every 12 h (45.1%), 750 mg every 12 h (36.2%) and 500 mg every 8 h (18.6%). The overall clinical outcome was favorable (clinical cure or improvement) for 95% or more of the evaluable patients with the various body system infections, except in gynecologic infections where 89% of the evaluable patients had a favorable outcome and for sepsis where the favorable outcome was 76%. Where data were available for analysis (skin and soft tissue infections) there was no difference in favorable clinical outcome among patients with moderate infection treated with 1.0 g/day (95% favorable) compared with 1.5 g/day (94% favorable). The overall bacteriologic eradication rate was 91%. Clinical adverse effects were similar in type but less common in frequency than those noted in other studies with the intravenous formulation, with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea being most common; no instances of seizures or confusion were observed. The laboratory adverse effects were similar to those seen in other studies with the intravenous formulation, with increased liver enzyme values the most common. The intramuscular injection was well tolerated in 87% of the patients and moderately well tolerated in 6.6%. The efficacy and low incidence of side effects of the intramuscular formulation of imipenem/cilastatin are significant advantages in the cost-effective treatment of infections.
 ...
PMID:Intramuscular imipenem/cilastatin in multiple-dose treatment regimens: review of the worldwide clinical experience. 187 87

Intravenous fluorescein angiography is a commonly performed and extraordinarily valuable diagnostic procedure. The frequency of adverse reactions after angiography has varied considerably in previous reports. In a prospective study of 2789 angiographic procedures in 2025 patients, the authors found that the percentage of adverse reactions depended strongly on the patient's angiographic history. Overall, adverse reactions followed 4.8% of the angiographic procedures. These reactions included nausea (2.9%), vomiting (1.2%), flushing/itching/hives (0.5%), and other reactions (dyspnea, syncope, excessive sneezing) (0.2%). No cases of anaphylaxis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema, or seizures occurred. The percentage of reactions was 1.8% for patients who had had previous angiography without ever having had an adverse reaction. In contrast, the percentage of reactions was 48.6% for patients who had had an adverse reaction to angiography previously.
 ...
PMID:Frequency of adverse systemic reactions after fluorescein angiography. Results of a prospective study. 189 Dec 25

Felbamate (2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate) has a favorable preclinical profile in animal models of epilepsy. We present the results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients with partial seizures. Criteria for entry included a requirement for four or more partial seizures per month despite concomitant therapeutic blood levels of phenytoin and carbamazepine. Fifty-six patients (mean age, 31.4 years; 32 men, 24 women) completed the trial. The mean seizure frequencies for the 8-week periods analyzed were felbamate = 34.9, placebo = 40.2. Felbamate was statistically superior to placebo in seizure reduction, percent seizure reduction, and truncated percent seizure reduction. The mean felbamate dosage was 2,300 mg/d. Plasma felbamate concentrations ranged from 18.4 to 51.9 mg/l, mean = 32.5 mg/l. Adverse experiences during felbamate therapy were minor and consisted primarily of nausea and CNS effects. This trial indicates that felbamate is safe and effective in the treatment of comedicated patients with severely refractory epilepsy.
 ...
PMID:Felbamate for partial seizures: results of a controlled clinical trial. 194 9

Continuous subcutaneous infusions offer a safe, simple, effective alternative to intravenous or intramuscular injections when oral medications cannot be used. They are extremely useful for cancer patients suffering from pain, vomiting, seizures, and other symptoms. Hydromorphone or morphine may be combined with metoclopramide, methotrimeprazine, or haloperidol (in D5W only), in the same pump to control both pain and nausea. Seizures can be controlled by subcutaneous infusion of phenobarbital or midazolam. If proper doses are prescribed and skin irritation is watched for, they can be used safely in the patient's home.
 ...
PMID:Subcutaneous infusions for control of cancer symptoms. 196 87

A phase I clinical study of intravenous Tegafur was conducted in nineteen previously treated patients with primary lung cancer. The dose of Tegafur was elevated from 1.0 to 3.0 g/m2/day for five consecutive days to determine the maximum tolerated dose. The dose-limiting factors were gastrointestinal and neurological toxicity and fatigability observed with the dose level of 2.5 g/m2/day for 5 days. Hematologic, hepatic and renal toxicities were not observed. Gastrointestinal toxicity including nausea, vomiting, anorexia and diarrhea of over grade 2 were seen to result from the dose of 2.5 g/m2/day. Neurological toxicity consisted of headache, dizziness, anxiety and depression. At the dose level of 2.0 g/m2/day, one patient, who had epileptic seizures in the past, experienced a psychomotor seizure. Depression (Grade 2 CNS toxicity) was observed at the dose level of 3.0 g/m2/day. Dose limiting factors were neurological toxicities. The pharmacokinetics of tegafur and 5-FU (the active form of Tegafur) has been studied in all patients. Serum level of tegafur was measured by HPLC method, and serum level of 5-FU was analyzed by GC-MS method. At the dose level greater than 2.0 g/m2/day for 5 days, the mean serum 5-FU values appear over the therapeutic range (0.1 micrograms/ml). In conclusion, 2.5 g/m2/day for 5 days was considered to be MTD, and 2.0 g/m2/day for 5 days intravenous administration was recommended for the phase II trial of single agent chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:[High-dose Tegafur (FT) for primary lung cancer: a phase I trial]. 201 1

Seven weeks after a generalized cerebral seizure a 27-year-old woman from Ghana developed nausea, vomiting and weight loss, gradually increasing over two weeks. Cranial computed tomography revealed several hyperdense formations with extensive associated oedema and a midline shift. Among extensive biochemical tests only a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 24/50 mm and leukopenia of 2,600/microliters (with normal differential count) were notable. Diagnostic laparotomy was performed because of sonographic and computed tomographic evidence of enlarged abdominal lymph nodes. Histological examination of representative lymph nodes and of tiny nodules deposited on the peritoneum revealed caseous granulomatous inflammation. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from these specimens. Antituberculosis treatment was started with 0.3 g/d isoniazid, 0.6 g/d rifampicin, 2 g/d pyrazinamide and 1 g/d streptomycin, plus dexamethasone, 4 mg four times daily. After eight weeks treatment an intracerebral focus, removed to exclude neoplasm, proved histologically to be a tuberculoma. Only after four months was it possible to reduce the glucocorticoid dosage to prednisone, 20 mg/d. The antituberculosis treatment was continued for 18 months, with only isoniazid and rifampicin taken during the last 14 months. Final clinical and biochemical examinations were unremarkable. Computed tomography demonstrated regression of the abdominal lymph nodes and the cerebral foci. The patient was without any symptoms.
 ...
PMID:[The manifestations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis]. 201 78

We studied 94 consecutive patients (age 15 or over) to investigate which aspects of the history and clinical findings help to distinguish seizures from syncope and related conditions. Clonic movements or automatism observed by an eyewitness classified an event as a seizure. The seizure group consisted of 41 patients and the syncope group of 53 patients. The likelihood ratio was used to calculate the predictive power of single findings and logistic regression to analyse combinations of findings. The best discriminatory finding was orientation immediately after the event according to the eyewitness and the age of the patient in the absence of an eyewitness report (P less than 0.001). We found a seizure five times more likely than syncope if the patient was disoriented after the event and three times more likely if the patient was less than 45 years of age. Nausea or sweating before the event were useful to exclude a seizure. Incontinence and trauma were not discriminative findings.
 ...
PMID:Transient loss of consciousness: the value of the history for distinguishing seizure from syncope. 203 Mar 71


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>