Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical and computed tomography (CT) features of 25 patients with peripartum CVT are described. Majority of the patients presented in postpartum period and did not receive proper antenatal care. Headache (92%), altered sensorium (80%, seizures (76%), papilloedema (80%) and hemiplegia (52%) were the common modes of presentation. CT findings included diffuse brain oedema (52%), haemorrhagic or nonhaemorrhagic infarctions on one or both sides of brain (48%), gyral enhancement (40%) and tentorial enhancement (16%). While 15 patients made good recovery, 3 cases (12%) died during acute stage of illness.
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PMID:Peripartum cerebral venous thrombosis. 830 May 9

We report the familial occurrence and apparent autosomal dominant inheritance of alternating hemiplegia of childhood. The proband, a 9-year-old boy, presented with developmental retardation, rare tonic-clonic seizures, and frequent episodes of flaccid alternating hemiplegia that had been presumed to represent postictal paralysis. The hemiplegia spells, which started in his first year, did not respond to multiple antiepileptics. Between attacks, there was choreoathetosis and dystonic posturing. Father, brother, paternal uncle, and paternal grandmother had similar histories of alternating hemiplegia. Investigations included negative CT, metabolic, and coagulation studies. EEG and SPECT 99mTc exametazime scanning failed to reveal any significant slowing or any major changes in cortical perfusion during hemiplegia as compared with nonhemiplegic periods. The karyotype revealed a balanced reciprocal translocation, 46,XY,t(3;9)(p26;q34) in the patient, in all the affected living relatives, and in one apparently unaffected sibling. The asymptomatic mother had a normal karyotype. Analysis of DNA markers was consistent with the karyotype results. Both affected siblings were treated with and responded to flunarizine therapy, with a greater than 70% decrease in attack frequency. Documented flunarizine trough serum concentrations were 28.9 ng/ml in the proband and 6.6 ng/ml in his brother.
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PMID:A syndrome of autosomal dominant alternating hemiplegia: clinical presentation mimicking intractable epilepsy; chromosomal studies; and physiologic investigations. 136 Oct 34

The ability of neuronally isolated human cerebral cortex to sustain epileptiform rhythms over long time intervals is unknown. We report here two patients after functional hemispherectomy for infantile hemiplegia and infantile meningoencephalitis. Both patients had intractable seizures. EEG performed early and up to 3 years after surgery showed persistent epileptiform activity in the isolated frontal cortex in both cases. This indicates that human isolated cortex retains its epileptogenic potential for years, independently of subcortical influences. Previous related animal and human studies are briefly reviewed.
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PMID:Epileptiform activity in chronically isolated cerebral cortex in humans. 137 46

The clinical pattern and etiology of 544 cases of cerebral palsy were studied retrospectively. Of these cases, 354 (65.1%) were males. Four hundred and ninety seven (91.4%) cases were of spastic type. Hypotonic, ataxic and athetoid cerebral palsy were observed in 5.5, 1.5 and 1.3% cases, respectively. There was one case each of tremor and mixed type. In the spastic group, quadriplegia comprised the maximum number of cases (34.9%). Hemiplegia (28.7%) and diplegia (21.9) were also common. Mental retardation was found in 47.2%, while speech impairment was observed in 37% cases. Other handicaps included visual (9%), seizures (8.8%), and auditory handicap (2.9%). The etiological factors were prenatal in 7.7% cases, natal in 43.8% cases and postnatal in 26.1% cases. More than one etiological factor was observed in 14.5% cases, while in 7.9% cases, no apparent cause could be found.
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PMID:Cerebral palsy. 807 18

Complete hemispherectomies were performed throughout the 1950's and early 1960's for the treatment of medically refractory seizures associated with hemiplegia. In 1964 a study published by Laine, Pruvet and Ossen reported a late post operative complication; superficial cerebral hemosiderosis. This, with its associated neurological deterioration, hydrocephalus, and at times death, led to disfavor with the procedure. It was replaced by the subtotal hemispherectomy which effectively eliminated the late complication of superficial cerebral hemosiderosis but was less successful in controlling seizures. Results decreased from 85% showing improved seizure tendency to 68%. Dissatisfied with these results, a hybrid operation was designed by Dr. Rasmussen and Dr. Villemure known as functional hemispherectomy. Removing less cortical tissue but disconnecting the remaining tissue provided a functionally complete but anatomically incomplete removal. Patients, having undergone this surgery, have obtained the same degree of seizure reduction without any of the late complications of the complete hemispherectomy. Our presentation will discuss the preoperative, operative and post-operative course of these patients. Criteria for surgery will be reviewed. A description of the surgical procedure will be included so that one can understand why the complications of aseptic meningitis, hydrocephalus, cerebral hemosiderosis and altered motor function will or will not occur postoperatively. Concerns of family and patient will be addressed throughout the presentation.
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PMID:Functional hemispherectomy. 147 51

Several non-epileptic disorders may cause episodic and paroxysmal symptoms that resemble epilepsy and they must be considered in the differential diagnosis. Some of these disorders are discussed in the present review: vasovagal, vasomotor and cardiac syncopes, breath holding spells. Among the sleep disorders, parasomnias, nightmares and the benign neonatal sleep myoclonus are mentioned. Migraine with aura, alternating hemiplegia and benign vertigo of childhood are probably related disorders. Benign myoclonus of early infancy, paroxysmal choreoathetoses and pseudoepileptic or hysterical seizures are further non-epileptic attack disorders to be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis of cerebral seizures]. 150 11

A 5-year-old girl with hemolytic uremic syndrome is reported with pituitary hemorrhage in the acute phase. Seizures, hemiplegia, and transient blindness were observed. These symptoms cannot be attributed to the pituitary hemorrhage; however, pituitary hemorrhage should be added to the list of neurologic lesions that can occur in hemolytic uremic syndrome.
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PMID:Pituitary hemorrhage in hemolytic uremic syndrome. 155 80

A case of alternating hemiplegia in a young girl is presented. The partial benefits of treatment with a calcium antagonist Flunarizine in this patient and in those reported in literature are reviewed. The onset of the disease in this girl was at three months of age with several episodes that were diagnosed as seizures; afterwards she presented, besides, repeated attacks of hemiplegia involving both sides of her body in an alternating way each time with daily frequency and hours of days of duration accompanied of bad mood and irritability as well as autonomic disturbances, oculomotor abnormalities, acquired mental retardation and residual focal neurological abnormalities. After one year of treatment with a calcium-entry blocker: Flunarizine, there was a 30% reduction in the attacks frequency as well as in its severity and stop of the progression of mental retardation. So we report the consequence of precocious diagnosis and treatment of this not well known entity whose clinical signs resemble paroxistic vascular anomalies in the brainstem territory.
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PMID:[Alternating hemiplegia. Partial effectiveness of treatment with flunarizine]. 157 Nov 84

We reported 9 cases of primary Sjogren syndrome (SS) who were complicated with nervous system involvement. All were women. Age between 24 to 58 years old. Their clinical symptoms of the nervous system varied widely, 7 of them manifested with the involvement of central nervous system, the main features were in case 1 bouts of seizures, case 2 multi-level damage of the brain and spinal cord which was similar to multiple sclerosis, case 3 recurrent hemiplegia caused by cerebral thrombosis then fatal vascular hemorrhage, case 4 sudden hemiplegia, case 5 persistent psychological disturbance, case 6 cranial neuropathy of V and VII, case 9 multi-focal symptoms of ataxia, myelopathy and transient blindness. 5 of the 9, case 3, 6-9 all appeared with the symptoms of peripheral neuropathy, case 7 also complicated with carpal tunnel syndrome. 4 of the 9 cases also complicated with renal tubular acidosis and/or chronic active hepatitis and/or fibrosing alveolitis and/or thrombocytopenic purpura and/or myositis. No differences of the positivity of autoantibodies was observed between those with or without nervous system involvement.
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PMID:[The manifestations of the nervous system in primary Sjogren syndrome]. 158 41

Thirty-one children with right (n = 18) and left (n = 13) congenital hemiplegia were compared for incidence of hand- and foot-preference, eye-dominance, and familial sinistrality. In addition, they were tested with dichotic listening for correct reports of consonant-vowel syllables. The two groups of children were closely matched on IQ and sensory functioning. Children with mental retardation, or epileptic seizures were not included. The results showed that 89% of the left hemisphere impaired (LHI) children were left-handed, all of them preferred the left foot, and 72% were left eye-dominant. In the right hemisphere impaired (RHI) group, everyone (100%) preferred the right hand and foot, and 62% were right eye dominant. The dichotic listening results showed a significant right ear advantage (REA) in the RHI-group, and a significant left ear advantage (LEA) in the LHI-group. The results are discussed in the framework of pathological handedness and shifts in hemisphere control of language in children with early brain injury. It is argued that the homogeneous samples, except for the site of lesion, provides an interesting possibility to compare cognitive effects of left and right hemisphere impairment in children.
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PMID:Pathological left-handedness revisited: dichotic listening in children with left vs right congenital hemiplegia. 162 Mar 27


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