Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 56-year-old male presented with fever of unknown origin and subacute dementia which progressed to death with seizure, coma and acute deterioration of general conditions. He had splenomegaly but not skin eruption or lymph node swelling. Autopsy findings showed that mononuclear tumor cells were widespread within the lumens of small blood vessels, indicating the features of neoplastic angioendotheliosis. The involved organs were shown to be brain, lung, adrenal grand, testis, bone marrow, heart and thyroid gland. To determine the origin of tumor cells, an immunohistochemical study was carried out using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The results indicated that the tumor cells were of B-lymphocyte origin. These findings support the possibility that neoplastic angioendotheliosis is a lymphoma with proliferation in small blood vessels throughout the body.
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PMID:[Neoplastic angioendotheliosis of B-lymphocyte origin: an autopsy report]. 260 Oct 46

A woman experienced multiple attacks of fever, each lasting 24 to 72 hours, over 1 1/2 years. The patient herself could not relate details of most episodes; her husband reported observing extreme prostration and incoherence during some of the episodes. A thorough investigation at three medical centers failed to reveal any of the usual causes of fever of unknown origin. Finally, another family member observed a sudden loss of responsiveness without loss of consciousness, blank staring, and repetitive arm movements. A diagnosis of complex partial status epilepticus was made, and fever was documented in association with repetitive complex partial seizures on two occasions in the hospital. Both the fever and the seizures were controlled by anticonvulsant medication, and both recurred under observation when the medication was discontinued. A review of the charts of adult patients admitted to the hospital for a primary neurologic disorder showed that those with epilepsy were more likely to experience fever within the first 24 hours than those without epilepsy (13 of 29 vs five of 29) especially if multiple seizures occurred. Fever may occur in association with seizures; occasionally it may be a presenting manifestation.
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PMID:Complex partial status epilepticus presenting as fever of unknown origin. 363 65

A fever is defined as a rectal temp over 100.4 degrees F. Fever occurs when the hypothalamic thermoregulation center resets the temperature set point in response to a chain of events initiated by the inflammatory response. Glass thermometers remain the gold standard and electronic thermometers are generally acceptable, but studies do not consistently support the use of infrared ear thermometers in children under 3. Evaluation of the sick child includes observation, assessment of age and temperature risk factors, history and physical, and lab tests. To aid in the assessment of how ill or "toxic" a child appears, the Yale Observation Scale is used. Acetaminophen remains the antipyretic of choice. Febrile seizures are generally benign. Tepid sponge baths are only slightly more effective than acetaminophen alone in reducing fevers, but may be useful for children with a history of febrile seizures or liver disease. While there are many causes of pediatric fevers, they can be grouped into three general categories: fever with localizing signs, fever without localizing signs, and fever of unknown origin. Children with a localized infection are treated with antibiotics, antipyretics, and parent education; children with fever of unknown origin are referred for more in-depth evaluation. The management of children presenting with fever without a source is discussed in detail.
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PMID:Assessing and managing the febrile child. 858 46

A total of 20 infants with cryptogenic (n = 7) or symptomatic (n = 13) infantile spasms (West syndrome) who received low-dose ACTH treatment 0.25 mg x 2 i.m. (25 units x 2) per week for four to eight weeks were evaluated in an uncontrolled retrospective study for short- and long-term efficacy and side-effects of the treatment. In ten infants (50%) cessation of the seizures was seen, and six improved, i.e. a response rate of 84%. Side-effects in the form of infections were seen in four patients. Two developed pneumonia, one fever of unknown origin and one a purulent meningitis 12 hours after start of treatment, but a cause and effect relationship is questionable.
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PMID:[Low dose ACTH in infantile spasms. Effects and adverse effects]. 892 44

We present the case of a 13-month old Turkish boy of Kurdish origin with tuberculous meningitis. Fever of unknown origin and neurologic symptoms (loss of ability of walking and free sitting, cerebral seizures, central paresis of the VII. cranial nerve, coma) led to the diagnosis. Cranial CT demonstrated hydrocephalus and enhancement of the basal meninges after contrast injection; the chest x-ray showed an infiltrate in the right upper lobe of the lung and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mild pleocytosis with elevated protein and reduced glucose concentrations. Diagnosis was confirmed by detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the CSF by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immediately, surgical and level-controlled tuberculostatic treatment was initiated. The patient recovered completely.
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PMID:[Tuberculous meningitis in a 13-month-old boy: a case report]. 962 48

A 51-year-old female patient in the first chronic phase of CML received an allogeneic PBSCT from a matched unrelated donor. The transplant was manipulated by CD34+ cell selection. On day +193 after transplantation the patient was readmitted to the hospital with recurrent fever of unknown origin and cough. Clinical, radiographic and sonographic evaluation revealed no characteristic findings besides a mild splenomegaly. Screening for EBV, CMV, RSV and HSV did not indicate an active infection. On day +203 the patient developed generalized seizures, respiratory failure and died within 24 h in multiorgan failure. The macroscopic postmortem was still not enlightening; the histological examination however, demonstrated diffuse organ infiltration by monoclonal lymphoblastoid cells due to EBV-LPD.
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PMID:Fatal outcome in a patient developing Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV-LPD) without measurable disease. 1160 77

Bacterial infection due to Bartonella henselae commonly develops in children and young adults following cat/dog contacts and/or cat/dog scratches. Regional lymphadenopathy is its most common clinical expression. However, encephalitis and Parinaud's syndrome (oculoglandular syndrome) have also been reported as has systemic illness. A review of the international literature in all languages revealed no fatal complications in immunocompetent hosts. A four-year-old white child with no underlying illness began to have seizure-like activity. She was taken to a local hospital and subsequently transferred to a medical center. The child was treated aggressively for seizures and fever of unknown origin. However, her condition rapidly declined and she died without a specific diagnosis. At autopsy there was marked cerebral edema with no gross evidence of acute meningitis. Microscopic exams revealed multiple granulomatous lesions as well as a meningitis and encephalitis. A variety of cultures and stains were negative for acid fast and fungal organisms. Warthin-Starry stains of involved tissue including brain and liver revealed pleomorphic rod shaped bacilli consistent with Barronella henselae. Analysis of brain tissue with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot for the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was definitive for DNA of Bartonella henselae bacteria.
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PMID:Fatal meningitis and encephalitis due to Bartonella henselae bacteria. 1205 53

We report a fatal case of meningoencephalitis due to Listeria monocytogenes. A 74-year old alcoholic man presented with high-grade fever lasting for four days without headache and meningeal signs. Routine blood analysis showed leukocytosis, but serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was not significantly elevated. He developed altered consciousness with focal seizure, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination showed a minor degree of pleocytosis, elevated protein, and hypoglycorrhachia. Repeated CSF examination four days later showed greater increases in cells and proteins as well as severely decreased glucose level. Bacterial culture from the initial CSF showed a growth of L. monocytogenes. Meningoencephalitis caused by L. monocytogenes may have atypical clinical and laboratory features, and should be listed in the differential diagnosis of immunocompromised or elderly patients presenting with fever of unknown origin associated with altered consciousness.
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PMID:[Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis lacking meningeal signs]. 1691 Apr 72

Cephalosporins are epileptogenic drugs, especially when excessive dosages are used or when the drugs are used in patients with decreased renal clearance. The present case report showed that a chronic kidney patient receiving hemodialysis developed generalized tonic clonic seizures when an inappropriate high dose cefazolin was given. Cefazolin 2 g iv q 8 h was given for 25 days continuously to treat fever of unknown origin in a patient who was a severe renal impairment patient. In a severe renal impairment patient, the maintenance dose of cefazolin should be reduced by half and the interval for administration should be extended to 24 h. Even though hemodialysis could remove cefazolin from the blood circulation, in the presented case the very high dose of cefazolin given was far beyond the ability of hemodialysis to clear the drug. The accumulation ofcefazolin, therefore, induced three episodes of seizures on days 14, 21 and 25. More precaution should be taken when prescribing medication to a patient with predisposing factors.
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PMID:Cefazolin induced seizures in hemodialysis patients. 1720 85

We present a case of a young male, who presented to us with high-grade fever for more than four weeks, refractory seizures, multiple subcutaneous palpable lumps, and evidence of leukocytosis with predominant left shift on the peripheral smear. The classic "starry-sky" appearance on imaging, generalized muscular uptake on positron emission tomography-computerized tomography scan, and positive serology led to a diagnosis of disseminated cysticercosis. He responded to oral steroids. To the best of our knowledge, disseminated cysticercosis presenting as pyrexia of unknown origin and with a leukemoid reaction has never been reported in literature.
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PMID:A Microbial Old Friend with a New Face: A Rare Case of Pyrexia of Unknown Origin and Leukemoid Reaction. 2887 24


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