Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study, 31 (30%) cases of urinary tract infection (UTI) of 103 patients with malnutrition, who were admitted to our hospital, were investigated prospectively. Our purpose was to determine the frequency of UTI, species of bacteria caused to infection and their antibiotic susceptibility in infants with malnutrition. The mean age of the patients with UTI was 11.5+/-7.6 months (ranging 50 days-30 months). The main symptoms were fever, vomiting, diarrhea, cough, and seizures. The mean body weight was 5.8+/-1.9 kg (2-10 kg), and height was 67.5+/-7.8 cm (53-85 cm). Seven of them had mild, 11 had moderate, and 13 had severe malnutrition. The most common isolated microorganism from urine cultures was Escherichia coli (54.8%). Most strains of Escherichia coli were resistant to co-trimoxazole (82.3%), ceftriaxone (17.6%), cefotaxime (17.6%), and ciprofloxacine (17.6%), but none of them were resistant to gentamicin. In conclusion, we would like to emphasize that UTI predominantly by gram negative microorganisms are frequent in the infants with malnutrition, and these microorganisms are mostly resistant to co-trimoxazole which is used commonly in practical medicine and prophylaxis.
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PMID:Urinary tract infection and antibiotic susceptibility in malnourished children. 1122 40

We report two cases of localized benign pleural mesothelioma with different clinical features. Neuropsychiatric symptoms, including coma, hemiplegia, seizures and misbehavior predominated in the first case, associated with hypoglycemia. The symptoms in the second case were essentially respiratory (cough, dyspnea, and chest pain). Treatment consisted in thoracotomy and complete surgical resection. Histopathology revealed fusiform cells and collagen stroma. These two cases illustrate the diversity of clinical expression of benign localized pleural mesothelioma and confirm their complete resolution after surgical treatment.
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PMID:[Localized benign pleural mesothelioma observed at the Dakar University Hospital]. 1146 93

A 51-year-old female patient in the first chronic phase of CML received an allogeneic PBSCT from a matched unrelated donor. The transplant was manipulated by CD34+ cell selection. On day +193 after transplantation the patient was readmitted to the hospital with recurrent fever of unknown origin and cough. Clinical, radiographic and sonographic evaluation revealed no characteristic findings besides a mild splenomegaly. Screening for EBV, CMV, RSV and HSV did not indicate an active infection. On day +203 the patient developed generalized seizures, respiratory failure and died within 24 h in multiorgan failure. The macroscopic postmortem was still not enlightening; the histological examination however, demonstrated diffuse organ infiltration by monoclonal lymphoblastoid cells due to EBV-LPD.
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PMID:Fatal outcome in a patient developing Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV-LPD) without measurable disease. 1160 77

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neurophysiological treatment for patients with medically or surgically refractory epilepsy. Since the first human implant in 1989, more than 10 000 patients have been treated with VNS. Two randomized controlled studies have shown a statistically significant decrease in seizure frequency during a 12-week treatment period versus a baseline period when 'high stimulation' mode was compared with 'low stimulation' mode. The efficacy appears to increase over time. In general, one third of the patients show a >50% reduction of seizure frequency; one third show a 30-50% seizure reduction, and one third of patients show no response. Few patients become seizure-free. Side effects during stimulation are mainly voice alteration, coughing, throat paraesthesia and discomfort. When studied on a long-term basis, VNS is an efficacious, safe and cost-effective treatment not only in adults but also in children and the elderly. The precise mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. In recent years much progress has been made through neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, neurochemical and cerebral blood flow studies in animals and patients treated with VNS. Further elucidation of the mechanism of action of VNS may increase its clinical efficacy and our general understanding of some physiopathological aspects of epilepsy. Finally, VNS may become an alternative treatment for other conditions such as depression and pain.
Seizure 2001 Sep
PMID:Vagus nerve stimulation for refractory epilepsy. 1170 Oct 2

This six-center, retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of vagus nerve stimulation in children. Data were available for 125 patients at baseline, 95 patients at 3 months, 56 patients at 6 months, and 12 patients at 12 months. The typical patient, aged 12 years, had onset of seizures at age 2 years and had tried nine anticonvulsants before implantation. Collected data included preimplant history, seizures, implant, device settings, quality of life, and adverse events. Average seizure reduction was 36.1% at 3 months and 44.7% at 6 months. Common adverse events included voice alteration and coughing during stimulation. Rare adverse events, unique to this age group, included increased drooling and increased hyperactivity. Quality of life improved in alertness, verbal communication, school performance, clustering of seizures, and postictal periods. We concluded that vagus nerve stimulation is an effective treatment for medically refractory epilepsy in children.
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PMID:Vagus nerve stimulation therapy in pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy: retrospective study. 1173 71

The study objectives, based on federal and state legislative language, were to objectively define symptoms and signs commonly agreed on by "prudent laypersons" as "emergency medical conditions." After comprehensive tabulation of symptom classifications from the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9), we performed a survey of nonmedical laypersons. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, proportional calculations, and 95% confidence intervals. A minority of symptoms and signs (25/87, 29%) were considered emergency medical conditions by more than half of nonmedical survey respondents who were self-defined as prudent laypersons. The leading conditions deemed emergencies were loss of consciousness, seizure, no recognition of one side of the body, paralysis, shock, gangrene, coughing blood, trouble breathing, chest pain, and choking. Pain, except for renal colic or chest pain, was not considered an emergency. No symptoms or signs specifically related to gynecologic disorders were considered emergencies. Most symptoms and signs tabulated in the diagnostic coding manual, ICD-9, are not considered emergency medical conditions by self-designated prudent laypersons. These include many conditions that are commonly investigated and treated in the emergency department setting. Use of the prudent layperson standard for reimbursable emergency health services may not reflect the actual scope of symptoms necessitating emergency care.
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PMID:The "prudent layperson" definition of an emergency medical condition. 1178 4

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neurophysiological treatment for patients with medically or surgically refractory epilepsy. Since the first human implant in 1989, more than 10,000 patients have been treated with VNS. Two randomized controlled studies have shown a statistically significant decrease in seizure frequency during a 12-week treatment period versus a baseline period when 'high stimulation' mode was compared with 'low stimulation' mode. The efficacy appears to increase over time. In general, one third of the patients show a > 50% reduction of seizure frequency; one third show a 30-50% seizure reduction, and one third of patients show no response. Few patients become seizure-free. Side effects during stimulation are mainly voice alteration, coughing, throat paraesthesia and discomfort. When studied on a long-term basis, VNS is an efficacious, safe and cost-effective treatment not only in adults but also in children and the elderly. The precise mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. In recent years much progress has been made through neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, neurochemical and cerebral blood flow studies in animals and patients treated with VNS. Further elucidation of the mechanism of action of VNS may increase its clinical efficacy and our general understanding of some physiopathological aspects of epilepsy. Finally, VNS may become an alternative treatment for other conditions such as depression and pain.
Seizure 2002 Apr
PMID:Vagus nerve stimulation for refractory epilepsy. 1218 67

Automatisms are commonly seen in epilepsy, either ictally or postictally. However, most automatisms are simple, with hand movements, mouth smacking, nose-rubbing, repetition of a single word, or coughing, grunting, or screeching. Complex automatisms are less common and striking. The authors report two cases of seizure-associated singing where song expression may be recognizable.
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PMID:Singing seizures. 1242

The lack of specific symptoms and signs in patients with tuberculous meningitis makes early diagnosis difficult. To our knowledge, there has been no report in the literature focusing on tuberculous meningitis patients younger than 1 year of age. In this report, we reviewed the clinical features and laboratory findings of seven infants with tuberculous meningitis encountered during a 15-year period. All patients had fever, cough, and alternation of consciousness at presentation. Five patients had bulging anterior fontanel, and five had generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The purified protein derivative skin test was positive in six patients. Six patients had hyponatremia. All seven patients had abnormal cerebrospinal fluid findings, and six of them demonstrated cell counts less than 500 cells/mm(3) with lymphocytic predominance. Brain sonography examination revealed hydrocephalus in all seven patients. Therefore we conclude that antituberculosis therapy should be promptly initiated in any young infant with a clinical impression of meningitis in the context of cerebrospinal fluid white cell count of less than 500 cells/mm(3) and lymphocytic predominance, hyponatremia, and hydrocephalus.
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PMID:Tuberculous meningitis in infancy. 1243 63

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has gained recognition as a treatment for refractory epilepsies where surgical treatment is not possible. While it appears that this treatment is effective in some patients, the mechanism of action is not clearly understood. The purpose of this study was to clarify findings of other positron emission tomography and single-photon emission tomography (SPET) investigations by measuring the acute effect of VNS on patients who have normal cerebral anatomy on magnetic resonance imaging and who have not previously been exposed to VNS. We investigated six subjects (two males and four females, mean age 29.5 years, range 21-39 years) with intractable epilepsy. One patient had primary generalised epilepsy causing generalised tonic-clonic seizures; the remaining five patients had localisation-related epilepsy causing complex partial seizures. SPET imaging was performed using 250 MBq of (99m)Tc-HMPAO and a four-scan paradigm - two with and two without stimulation. The stimulation began at VNS current levels of 0.25 mA and was increased according to the limit of patients' tolerance, usually defined by coughing or discomfort. The stimulating waveform was of continuous square wave pulses of 500 micro s duration at 30 Hz. Image analysis was by SPM99. Reduced perfusion during stimulation was observed in the ipsilateral brain stem, cingulate, amygdala and hippocampus and contralateral thalamus and cingulate. The study provides further evidence of the involvement of the limbic system in the action of vagal nerve stimulation.
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PMID:Investigation into the mechanisms of vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of intractable epilepsy, using 99mTc-HMPAO SPET brain images. 1255 50


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