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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have studied a 3 1/12-year-old boy who presented with a hypothalamic mass and precocious puberty. His history suggested a course of isosexual precocity progressing from birth. Gelastic seizures also began at an early age. Endocrine evaluation revealed normal thyroid-stimulating hormone and growth hormone secretion, elevated basal and stimulated prolactin concentrations, and luteinizing hormone responses to sequential intravenous injections of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) that were pubertal in pattern and magnitude. A needle biopsy of the mass recovered tissue that contained neurons histologically similar to those found in the normal hypothalamus, and the mass was characterized as a hypothalamic hamartoma. Immunohistochemical staining of this tissue with anti-GnRH antiserum demonstrated positive staining for GnRH immunoreactivity in neurons. This suggests a neurosecretory pathogenesis for the precocious puberty found in patients with hamartomas in the hypothalamic region.
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PMID:Identification of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in neurons of a hypothalamic hamartoma in a boy with precocious puberty. 390 Jul 94

Prolactin secretion after tonic-clonic seizures (10 patients), complex partial seizures (five) and non-epileptic attacks (three) was studied in a group of children aged between 0.3 and 14 years. Seven patients with other subcategories of seizure disorders were also studied. Eight children with tonic-clonic seizures exhibited post ictal concentrations of prolactin greater than 500 mU/l. One of the children, who responded on one occasion, did not do so on another. Three children with complex partial seizures had post ictal prolactin concentrations greater than 500 mU/l, while in two the increased values were more modest (390 mU/l and 420 mU/l). The timing of the peak post ictal prolactin concentration varied from less than 20 minutes to a prolonged plateau for three hours. Other seizure types--simple partial with motor signs (2), absence seizure (1), myoclonic seizure (1), minor epileptic status (3) (with one exception), and non-epileptic attacks (3) were not associated with post ictal concentrations greater than 500 mU/l.
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PMID:Prolactin and seizure activity. 393 64

We examined the postictal hyperprolactinemia after seizures classified by EEG and video telemetry. Prolactin did rise after complex partial seizures that involved motor behaviors and was not further increased by secondary generalization. Nontemporal partial seizures or pseudoseizures did not demonstrate this increase. There was no difference in prolactin elevation after generalized tonic-clonic seizures, whether secondarily generalized or generalized from onset. A discriminant function accurately classified 94% of patients with pseudoseizures and 66% of patients with true cerebral seizures for an overall classification accuracy of 72%.
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PMID:Prolactin changes after seizures classified by EEG monitoring. 396 99

In 6 patients with epilepsy, a twofold increase in serum prolactin levels followed true epileptic seizures, but no significant change followed pseudoepileptic attacks in 6 other patients. Serum prolactin concentration is a useful biochemical marker to distinguish between epileptic and pseudoepileptic seizures. Serum cortisol levels also increased after epileptic seizures, but diurnal and individual variations render the cortisol level a less reliable indicator of such attacks.
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PMID:Serum prolactin and cortisol levels in evaluation of pseudoepileptic seizures. 403 54

A patient with bilateral thalamic lesions had a spontaneous generalized convulsion during nocturnal polygraphic recording. Postictal measurements of cortisol and prolactin showed the expected rise of plasma values at 30 and 60 minutes after the seizure, but growth hormone did not increase. This observation suggests that suprahypothalamic mechanisms regulating growth hormone release differ from those involved in the neural control of cortisol-ACTH and prolactin secretion. The thalamus may intervene as a regulatory center in the release of growth hormone.
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PMID:Failure of postictal growth hormone rise in a patient with thalamic lesions. 403 5

The sexual behaviour and hormonal profiles in 97 patients with chronic epilepsy from an epilepsy centre were studied. Sexual behaviour relating to numbers of sexual contacts, orgasms, spontaneous erections, and early morning erections, whether there was difficulty in obtaining or maintaining an erection, or in ejaculation, was assessed at interview. Hormonal profiles consisted of LH, FSH, prolactin, total testosterone, free testosterone, and SHBG. Information was obtained relating to type of seizure, seizure frequency, age of onset, likely pathology, IQ, and medication. The study showed that this patient group was profoundly hyposexual and had a high level of sexual dysfunction. Serum free testosterone levels were low, and it is suggested that the high level of sexual dysfunction and lack of sexual interest may well have a hormonal basis. The reasons for this are discussed.
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PMID:Sexual behaviour in a centre for epilepsy. 404 Jun 91

Plasma prolactin, growth hormone, cortisol, luteinising-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and nicotine and oestrogen stimulated neurophysin (NSN and ESN) were measured before and for 6 min after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in eight women with severe electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in eight women with severe depression. Plasma concentrations of NSN and ESN had increased significantly (as much as 10-fold for NSN) within 1 min of the seizure, and concentrations of prolactin had increased within 2-4 min after the seizure. Whereas plasma prolactin and ESN either continued to increase or remained raised throughout the 6 min after seizure, the concentrations of NSN fell to reach a value at 6 min that was approximately 50% of the maximum. There were no increases in any of the other hormones or peptides within the 6 min period under study. Thus ECT has selective effects on hormone release which cannot be attributed simply to a generalised release of pituitary or hypothalamic hormones in response to brain stimulation and/or stress.
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PMID:Immediate increases in plasma prolactin and neurophysin but not other hormones after electroconvulsive therapy. 612 44

We studied the hormonal responses to a generalized tonic-clonic convulsion in 20 patients with idiopathic or posttraumatic epilepsy (6 patients) or alcohol-withdrawal seizures (14 patients). We found an increase shortly after the seizure in plasma levels of ACTH, beta endorphin, beta lipotropin, prolactin, and vasopressin, and a later increase in plasma cortisol. There was no significant change in levels of growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicular stimulating hormone, or plasma renin activity. An increase in plasma ACTH level was accompanied by a rise in beta lipotropin and beta endorphin, and followed by a rise in plasma cortisol. In 2 patients there was no postictal increase in plasma prolactin, despite changes in other hormones. There was no difference in the nature or time course of the hormonal changes in patients with alcohol-withdrawal seizures and those with seizures from other causes. The mechanisms subserving these changes are unknown. Nonspecific stress influences the release of certain hormones, but the absence of a significant growth hormone response suggests that this was probably not responsible for our findings. It is possible that the generalized neuronal discharge of a seizure stimulates the hypothalamus either directly, through specific neurotransmitter changes, or through the release of other substances. One possibility that we are investigating in experimental animals is that endogenous opioids are involved, especially in the release of prolactin.
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PMID:The hormonal responses to generalized tonic-clonic seizures. 614 54

Sixteen schizophrenic patients, who were newly admitted to hospital from the emergency room, underwent a 3-6-day washout before being treated for 4 weeks with BW234U, a dimethylpiperazinyl-propylcarbazole derivative. Eight patients showed moderate to marked improvement in schizophrenic symptoms and there was a statistically significant (P less than 0.001) reduction in the mean score for Clinical Global Impressions in all patients. Four patients did not complete the trial; two because of poor therapeutic effect, one because of a grand-mal seizure and one because of an episode of loss of consciousness of unknown origin. BW234U showed no evidence of neuroleptic plasma activity (as measured by radioreceptor assay), did not induce plasma prolactin elevation and did not appear to cause parkinsonism.
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PMID:An early phase II clinical trial of BW234U in the treatment of acute schizophrenia in newly admitted patients. 615 May 7

Postictal values of prolactin, LH and FSH have been recorded in patients with both generalised tonic-clonic and partial seizures. Elevations of prolactin and LH were seen immediately and at 20 minutes in males and females with generalised attacks. At sixty minutes values for prolactin had fallen to baseline levels, but LH remained elevated. FSH values were increased in females only, at twenty and sixty minutes. Following partial seizures prolactin was elevated, especially with complex partial seizures, at twenty minutes. These results are discussed in the light of known electrophysiological mechanisms relating to partial seizures, and clinical guidelines for the use of neurohormonal tests in the evaluation of seizures are suggested.
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PMID:Prolactin and gonadotrophin changes following generalised and partial seizures. 640 14


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