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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We measured ACTH, cortisol, prolactin, and growth hormone concentrations in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy who were having depth electrode studies. During the collection period, electrical stimuli were applied to amygdala and hippocampus to establish after-discharge thresholds. After-discharges that lasted at least 10 seconds or seizures caused secretion of ACTH and prolactin but not growth hormone. Stimuli that did not produce after-discharges of this duration inhibited ACTH secretion, but had no effect on prolactin or growth hormone secretion.
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PMID:The effect of electrical stimulation of medial temporal lobe structures in epileptic patients upon ACTH, prolactin, and growth hormone. 302 12

Because of the known effects of seizures on plasma prolactin, the plasma prolactin levels were measured before and after generalised interictal epileptiform activity was provoked in the EEG in five epileptic patients. The findings were compared with those obtained in five normal subjects and three epileptic patients who were also exposed to flicker stimulation, but who did not develop a photoconvulsive EEG response. There was no significant difference in baseline prolactin values, and levels did not change with photic stimulation or in response to the presence of generalised epileptiform activity in the EEG.
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PMID:The effect on plasma prolactin levels of interictal epileptiform EEG activity. 309 Feb 7

A study was performed to evaluate changes in serum prolactin levels after simple and complex partial seizures, and to identify which specific anatomical structures must be involved in seizures for postictal elevation of prolactin levels to occur. Seventy-eight seizures were studied in patients with electrodes implanted bilaterally into amygdala, hippocampus, hippocampal gyrus, and frontal sites. All 38 complex partial seizures had bilateral limbic ictal discharges, and each was followed by a significant increase in prolactin concentration (mean peak, 50.8 ng/ml; range, 16.0 to 150.0 ng/ml). Eight of 10 simple partial seizures with unilateral high-frequency regional limbic discharges were followed by prolactin elevation (mean peak, 28.2 ng/ml; range, 13.4 to 44 ng/ml). Thirty simple partial seizures with other ictal limbic discharges or without limbic discharges were not followed by an elevated prolactin level. The data indicate that serum prolactin levels always rise after complex partial seizures involving the temporal lobes, and rise after certain simple partial seizures involving limbic structures. Thus, measurement of the prolactin level can help identify which simple partial seizures involve mesial temporal lobe structures. Limbic structures serve to trigger prolactin release, which may depend upon spread of the seizure to subcortical structures.
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PMID:Prolactin in partial epilepsy: an indicator of limbic seizures. 310 79

Prolactin concentration was measured 20 minutes after each seizure in 8 patients with grand mal, 2 patients with complex partial seizures and 5 patients with petit mal seizures. In the group of grand mal and complex partial seizures serum prolactin showed markedly increased levels. After petit mal seizures there was no change in serum prolactin concentration. The possible causes for changes in serum prolactin after a seizure in children are discussed.
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PMID:[Prolactin--a diagnostic aid in cerebral seizures]. 310 69

The serial serum concentrations of prolactin (PRL), cortisol and growth hormone (GH) were measured after clinical fits of seizures in 49 epileptic patients, aged 13-77. In generalized tonic-clonic seizures, both the serum PRL and cortisol levels transiently rose and reached their maximum 30 min after the onset of clinical fits. Serum GHs were elevated in some of the patients. After complex partial seizures, significant rises were found only in serum cortisol, but no demonstrable change was observed in PRL and GH. In the other minor seizure group, no remarkable change was observed in any of the hormones. These results suggest that the postictal hormonal change is different in each type of seizure, respectively.
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PMID:Serum prolactin, cortisol and growth hormone concentrations after various epileptic seizures. 311 Apr 69

Determination of serum prolactin concentration was carried out under standardized conditions on 70 hospitalised patients after different types of epileptic, syncopal and psychogenic seizures. In cases of unconsciousness of unknown cause and of unobserved seizures there is evidence that the determination of postictal prolactin may help to clarify the diagnosis. Excluding patients with epileptic seizures due to alcohol withdrawal only in 70% of the patients was there a significant elevation of serum prolactin. The clinical procedure thus appears to be of importance also in the differential diagnosis of psychogenic seizures. Patients with epileptic seizures due to alcohol withdrawal showed an elevated prolactin concentration in only 45% of cases. Whereas an elevated serum prolactin level indicates the occurrence of a grand mal seizure, a normal prolactin level does not positively exclude epileptic seizures.
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PMID:[Differential diagnostic value of postictal serum prolactin determination]. 311 54

The complex interactions of neurosecretions with the developing brain suggest that it has multiple site and time-specific vulnerabilities that may contribute to the pathogenesis of several forms of epilepsy, yet, on the other hand, may provide several new forms of therapy. Catamenial seizures can be clearly related to hormonal changes, although other factors are important, such as altered drug metabolism during menses. Progesterone appears to be especially effective in treating seizures. Optimal forms of treatment for catamenial epilepsy have not been established; however, several forms of progesterone are available and may be helpful, including those in oral contraceptives. Special care in the selection of oral contraceptives may be an important adjunct in caring for women with epilepsy. Altered secretion of neurohormones suggests important clues to the sexual dysfunction and psychopathology associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. New approaches to these patients include the clinical evaluation for sexual dysfunction along with the measurement of prolactin, testosterone, LH, and FSH levels, and treatment of sexual dysfunction by the effective use of anticonvulsants. Elevated plasma hormones (especially prolactin) following seizures can help to distinguish true seizures from pseudoseizures. Effects of anticonvulsant drugs on endocrine function are important, particularly with respect to their ability to lower the efficacy of oral contraceptives by competitive binding. A number of hormonal changes have been described with several drugs, which suggest that their complex central and peripheral effects might help to explain some aspects of normal hormone activity as well as some common side effects of the drugs.
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PMID:Hormones and epilepsy. 354 May 87

The nocturnal pattern of plasma prolactin (PRL) and cortisol in male epileptics with complex partial seizures and primary generalized seizures was studied by all-night polygraphic recordings with continuous video monitoring and sequential blood sampling at 30-minute intervals. Mean nocturnal plasma PRL concentrations in both groups of epileptics were significantly elevated when compared with nonepileptic control subjects studied in a similar fashion. Eight subclinical and three clinical partial seizures were recorded during sleep. Although a tenfold increase of plasma PRL level occurred following a short brief clinical complex partial seizure, there was no direct correlation between single subclinical partial seizures and nocturnal fluctuations of plasma PRL concentrations. We did not observe recognizable plasma cortisol changes following partial seizures during sleep, nor significant differences of mean nocturnal plasma cortisol levels between epileptics and controls. The data obtained in this environmentally controlled study indicate that postictal elevation of plasma PRL is a specific phenomenon related to seizure discharges; however, failure of such a rise does not exclude partial seizures.
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PMID:Nocturnal plasma prolactin and cortisol levels in epileptics with complex partial seizures and primary generalized seizures. 359 58

Serum prolactin levels rise after generalized tonic-clonic and partial complex seizures, but not after pseudoepileptic seizures. The criteria for a significant elevation in serum prolactin vary with individual investigators. The prevalence of pseudoseizures in the population studied determines the predictive value of serum prolactin determinations. In populations where most patients have epilepsy, a rise in serum prolactin is highly predictive for true epilepsy, but no increase in serum prolactin is not predictive for pseudoseizures.
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PMID:Serum prolactins in the diagnosis of epilepsy: sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value. 360 Oct 88

Plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH), cortisol, and prolactin (PRL), following a spontaneous generalized seizure in epileptic men were compared with similar measurements made in nonepileptic, stressed men to determine the role of stress in the hormonal response to seizures. Nonepileptic, nonstressed men served as control subjects. GH concentrations increased significantly within 60 min postictally, and as expected, so did cortisol and PRL. A subgroup of alcoholic patients exhibited a smaller GH response to seizures. Stressed patients had significantly less elevated cortisol and PRL plasma values, but no rise of GH. The data suggest that neurogenic stimuli responsible for the postictal release of GH, cortisol, and PRL are, at least in part, independent of stress mechanisms and that GH response is blunted in alcoholic patients.
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PMID:Differential response of growth hormone, cortisol, and prolactin to seizures and to stress. 365 62


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