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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four adolescents had basilar migraine, infrequent cerebral seizures, and severe EEG abnormalities. The clinical course was benign, with normal personality, mentation, and neurologic examination. Almost continuous EEG abnormalities, consisting of rhythmic temporo-occipital sharp and slow wave discharges, or generalized spike and wave complexes, were seen in serial recordings. The rare seizures, either focal or generalized, usually followed a migrainous aura and seemed to be readily controlled with anticonvulsant medication. The complex relationship between classical migraine and epilepsy is illustrated by this syndrome; recognition of its relatively benign course may prevent unnecessary investigation and undue alarm.
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PMID:Basilar migraine, seizures, and severe epileptiform EEG abnormalities. 56 90

An EEG finding of temporo-occipital or temporo-parieto-occipital spike-wave complexes, suppressed by eye opening, coexisting with classical migraine, was observed in 14 children; in 13 of these patients, seizures were present. Classical migraine, visual phenomena and seizures coexisted in different clinical patterns.
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PMID:Migraine and epilepsy with infantile onset and electroencephalographic findings of occipital spike-wave complexes. 188 78

Several studies indicate that spreading depression is fundamentally related to seizure marches and to the aura of classical migraine. Moreover, recent investigations call attention to its possible relevance in clinical disturbances associated with brain ischemia, trauma, and hypoglycemia. The anticonvulsant phenytoin has been shown to protect the nervous tissue from the effects of anoxia and ischemia. These properties suggest that phenytoin should be able to counteract spreading depression. Therefore, we investigated its effect on spreading depression elicited by mechanical or chemical (KCl) stimulation, in isolated chick retinas. The results showed that phenytoin: (1) increases the threshold concentration of KCl to initiate the phenomenon; (2) decreases the velocity of propagation of spreading depression; (3) shortens considerably the duration of the slow potential, ionic (K+, Ca2+, Cl-), and volume changes of the extracellular compartment during spreading depression. Possible mechanisms underlying the observed effects are discussed.
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PMID:Phenytoin and retinal spreading depression. 191 49

Video-EEG is a wellknown method for diagnostic evaluation of paroxysmal clinical events, providing the physician with a close correlation between clinical signs and electroencephalographic abnormalities. It has been widely used in the diagnosis of the different forms of epilepsy. It has proved to be useful in separating epileptic from nonepileptic crisis, in the characterization of the seizure type and frequently in the localization of the seizure onset. Patients were monitored for 6 hours on a closed circuit TV-video system with simultaneous EEG recording. A second camera focusing on the EEG paper; provided a video image of the brain electrical activity. The input from both cameras were synchronized with a TV splitter, so that a simultaneous image of the patient and EEG tracing was obtained on the TV monitor. The information was stored on videocassette for repeated analysis (Fig. 1). Forty four video-EEG on 44 patients, performed between February of 1988 and August 1989 were analysed. Mean age of the population was 30.18 years, with a range of 9 months to 64 years; 28 (63.6%) were female and 16 (36.4%) were male. Thirty five studies (79.5%) were considered abnormal. In 17 cases clinical events were recorded. Ten of the clinical episodes were considered as clear cut epileptic, 2 cases were interpreted as probably epileptic, since the surface EEG findings were minimal or absent. In the other 5 cases the episodes were interpreted as non-epileptic, being the diagnosis: psychogenic episodes in 3 cases, paroxysmal dystonia in 1 case and classical migraine in 1 case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical value of electroencephalographic monitoring in closed-circuit television (EEG-video). Analysis of 44 studies]. 213 Feb 25

Distinguishing epileptic events from nonepileptic paroxysmal neurologic events represents a common diagnostic challenge. Syncope, either cardiac or noncardiac, can appear similar to atonic and even convulsive seizures. Breath holding and benign paroxysmal vertigo in children may be confused with epilepsy. Classic migraine, transient global amnesia, and transient ischemic attacks may resemble epileptic seizures. Sleep disorders, including nocturnal movements, parasomnias, and narcolepsy also may resemble epileptic seizures. Most movement disorders are distinguished easily from epilepsy; however, paroxysmal dyskinesias may resemble atonic or reflex seizures. The correct diagnosis can be established and appropriate treatment can be instituted by relying on routine and prolonged EEG, EKG, and sleep studies, when appropriate.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of seizures. 827 29

Among the various forms of migraine headaches, ophthalmoplegic migraine is an uncommon and rare form, the incidence of which is approximately 0.7 per million. It presents predominantly with headache and ophthalmoplegia. One of more cranial nerves can be affected, however the third cranial nerve is most often affected. As a result, symptoms wise, mydriasis and ptosis are commonly seen. Patients generally recover completely within a few days or weeks, however residual deficits are known to occur in a minority of patients. One of the common generalised epilepsy syndromes is the juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), its prevalence being roughly up to 10% of all patients with epilepsy. It usually begins in the second decade of life. Generalised tonic-clonic seizures myoclonic jerks absences constitute the main seizure types in JME. Studies indicate a definite association of epilepsy with migraine headaches and a significant number of migraneurs are found to be epileptic. Conversely, patients with epilepsy are two times more likely to have migraine, as compared to their first degree relatives without migraine. We report a known case of a female patient of JME having a history of classical migraine with aura presenting to us with headache and ophthalmoplegia. She was extensively evaluated to rule out other causes of isolated third cranial nerve palsy, with all the investigations being negative for any obvious cause. She was treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the acute attack and was subsequently put on antimigraine medication, propranolol during her hospital stay, with which her ptosis recovered completely after 2 weeks. The patient was later started on tablet divalproex sodium, which the patient continues to take on a long-term basis, especially because of its efficacy as an antimigraine prophylaxis agent and a potent drug against JME.
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PMID:Ophthalmoplegic migraine with isolated third cranial nerve palsy in a known case of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. 2429 72