Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diphenylhydantoin-induced hepatitis and mononucleosis are uncommon in children. The occurrence of these two diseases in the same individual, with progression to hepatic failure is rare and has not been reported in infants. This report represents a 6-month-old male infant who developed an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome and hepatic failure 16 days after diphenylhydantoin administration. He took this anticonvulsant for controlling seizures after a head injury. Fever, skin rash, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and atypical lymphocytosis led to the initial diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. However, negative heterophil antibody did not support the diagnosis. Jaundice ensued in the following course and became more and more profound. Meanwhile, physical examination showed shrinking in liver size. Negative virology studies, including Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis B virus, excluded them as causative agents. The patient lapsed into a stage I hepatic coma, but gradually recovered clinically and biochemically after eight successive exchange transfusions and supportive care. Two liver biopsies were performed 20 and 50 days after the onset of disease, respectively. Remarkable hepatic parenchymal loss, cholestasis, and fatty change were found on histologic examination of the first biopsy specimen, and portal fibrosis was noted on the second.
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PMID:Mononucleosis and hepatic failure associated with diphenylhydantoin treatment in an infant. 167 17

The clinical and laboratory findings from studies of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) from northern Nevada are summarized. Physicians caring for these patients have estimated that greater than 400 patients with CFS from northern Nevada and nearby communities in California were identified between 1984 and 1988. As a result of these studies, a cluster of clinical and laboratory features associated with the illness in moderately to severely affected patients has been identified: profound fatigue of prolonged duration; cervical lymphadenopathy; recurrent sore throat and/or symptoms of influenza; loss of cognitive function manifested by loss of memory and loss of ability to concentrate; myalgia; impairment of fine motor skills; abnormal findings on magnetic resonance imaging brain scan; depressed level of antibody to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen; elevated level of antibody to EBV early antigen restricted component; elevated ratio of CD4 helper to CD8 suppressor cells; and strong evidence of association of this syndrome with infection with human herpesvirus 6. More-serious and longer-lasting neurologic impairments, including seizures, psychosis, and dementia, have also been observed in some of these patients.
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PMID:Chronic fatigue syndrome in northern Nevada. 185 May 42

4.5 months after successful kidney transplantation a Non-Hodgkin-lymphoma with polymorph centroblastic appearance of the tonsillar gland developed in a 21 years old male patient during immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine A and prednisone parallel to infection with Epstein Barr virus. Focal epileptic seizures occurred and were due to cerebral posttransplantation lymphomas as proven by brain biopsy. Reduction of immunosuppressive therapy led to complete remission as shown by CCT and MRI.
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PMID:[Regression of cerebral post-transplantation lymphoma under cyclosporin A reduction]. 228 May 83

Three patients had status epilepticus appearing de novo as the presenting manifestation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encephalopathy. Clinical findings of infectious mononucleosis were absent and EBV-specific serologic tests made or confirmed the diagnosis in each case. Epstein-Barr virus should be considered as a potential cause when status epilepticus occurs in the absence of previous seizures or an identified cause of seizures. The diagnosis may be made in some cases only with the use of EBV-specific serologic testing.
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PMID:Status epilepticus and Epstein-Barr virus encephalopathy. Diagnosis by modern serologic techniques. 299 28

A 43-year-old man developed severe global amnesia with uncinate fits and a single generalised convulsion 10 days after a febrile infection. CSF pleocytosis and serological findings indicated an acute Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis. All of the symptoms cleared within 2 weeks except for occasional generalised seizures. This seems to be the first observation of Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis presenting predominantly as transient global amnesia.
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PMID:Transient global amnesia as a manifestation of Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis. 619 Sep 98

We describe a patient who presented with an acute monophasic illness characterized by behavioral abnormalities, visual illusions, and a seizure, who had magnetic resonance- and brain biopsy-documented evidence of multifocal central nervous system demyelination. Serological studies were diagnostic of recent Epstein-Barr virus infection and included evidence of intrathecal synthesis of Epstein-Barr virus-specific IgG antibodies against the viral capsid antigen. Viral DNA could not be amplified from cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction, and viral antigen and genome were not detected in the brain biopsy specimen. The patient's clinical course, diagnostic studies, and neuropathological findings all support the diagnosis of a postinfectious Epstein-Barr virus-mediated demyelinating encephalopathy.
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PMID:Acute arcuate fiber demyelinating encephalopathy following Epstein-Barr virus infection. 761 16

The purpose of this project is to investigate the clinical and brain MR characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encephalitis and encephalomyelitis. Clinical and 30 MR findings of 29 patients with EBV encephalitis or encephalomyelitis were retrospectively reviewed. Patients included 24 with encephalitis, 3 with encephalomyelitis, and 2 with brain-stem encephalitis. Altered consciousness, seizures, visual hallucination, and acute psychotic reaction were the common presentations. Eight patients had positive MR findings. These included T2 prolongation over gray and white matter, periventricular leukomalacia, and brain atrophy. Transient T2 prolongation over gray and white matter was found in one patient. Our results indicate that EBV encephalitis and encephalomyelitis have a wide range of both clinical and MR findings. The MR lesions may disappear in a short period, so the timing for the MR scan may be critical.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis and encephalomyelitis: MR findings. 878 Nov 16

Amplification of viral nucleic acids from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has considerably improved the diagnosis of several acute, subacute and chronic viral infections of the nervous system. In herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis (HSE) the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become the method of choice for the rapid, non invasive diagnosis. Other herpes virus associated diseases which can now be reliably diagnosed are encephalitis, ventriculoencephalitis, polymyeloradiculitis, myelitis and an inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), HSV, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), EBV associated primary B-cell-lymphoma of the brain, acute aseptic meningitis in young adults allied with VZV, and meningoencephalitis with recurrent seizures due to human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6). In AIDS patients, PCR has helped to differentiate lesions either due to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) itself or to opportunistic infections such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by JC virus (JCV) or CMV related complications. HIV can be detected early in the course of infection in the CSF and the amount of proviral DNA in CSF cells seems to be correlated with the severity and/or progression of neurological signs and symptoms. Acute epidemic aseptic meningitis caused by enterovirus infections can now be reliably diagnosed and typed by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Meningitis cases caused by vaccination with the Jeryl Lynn and Urabe vaccine strain of mumps virus have been identified using RT-PCR and sequencing of the amplified products (amplicon).
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PMID:Clinical implications of nucleic acid amplification methods for the diagnosis of viral infections of the nervous system. 879 10

We studied 88 patients with acute encephalitis using hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). All patients had been initially treated with intravenous acyclovir. The etiology could be disclosed in 37 patients (42%), which included 15 patients with herpes simplex encephalitis, 7 with varicella-zoster encephalitis, and 29 with other encephalitides (Mycoplasma, adenovirus, influenza, rotavirus, rubella, Epstein-Barr, arbovirus, syphilis, and tuberculosis). Unilateral hyperperfusion in SPECT was an independent predictor of poor prognosis, whereas neither clinical outcome variables, such as seizures, state of consciousness, and focal neurologic findings, nor CSF or EEG findings were not. Focal unilateral hyperperfusion is an indicator of severe inflammation of the brain tissue and predicts a poor outcome as assessed in terms of activities of daily living after recovery.
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PMID:Unilateral hyperfusion in brain-perfusion SPECT predicts poor prognosis in acute encephalitis. 915 71

Of 145 patients admitted to our hospital because of encephalitis-like illness, 50 patients hospitalized for > or =72 hours underwent standardized microbiological investigations. A confirmed or probable etiologic agent was identified in 20 cases (40%), including Mycoplasma pneumoniae (9 cases). M. pneumoniae and enterovirus (2), herpes simplex virus (4), Epstein-Barr virus (1), human herpes-virus 6 (HHV-6) (1), HHV-6 and influenza virus type A (1), influenza virus type A (1), and Powassan virus (1). In 13 cases (26%), a possible pathogen was identified, including M. pneumoniae in nine cases. Presenting features included fever (80% of patients), seizures (78%), focal neurological findings (78%), and decreased consciousness (47%). The frequency of findings at the time of admission vs. later in hospitalization was as follows: pleocytosis, 59% vs. 63%; electroencephalogram abnormalities, 87% vs. 96%; and neuroimaging abnormalities, 37% vs. 69%, respectively. The outcomes at the time of discharge were as follows: normal results of physical examination, 32% (16) of the patients; death, 2% (1); motor difficulties, 26% (13); global neurological deficits, 16% (severe, 6; mild, 2); mental status changes, 14% (7); visual defects, 8% (4); and hearing impairment, 2% (1).
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PMID:Etiology of acute childhood encephalitis at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, 1994-1995. 950 62


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