Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report describes a patient who accidentally ingested 215 g of chlordane in a liquid pesticide formulation. The patient experienced multiple acute clinical sequellae attributable to his acute intoxication, including vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, coma and respiratory failure. Upon initial presentation and during the recovery phase, blood and urine specimens were collected to measure the disposition and elimination of chlordane and its metabolites. Whole blood chlordane concentrations measured over the subsequent 49 days suggested a multicompartmental kinetic profile of chlordane distribution, with an approximate terminal elimination half-life of 34 days. Tissue samples obtained from this patient, during elective surgery 58 days post chlordane ingestion, revealed persistent high levels of chlordane related metabolites. This case illustrates the physiological distribution and elimination of chlordane and its related metabolite residues after acute intoxication in an adult patient. Such information is important to improve the clinical management of patients acutely exposed to potentially lethal levels of pesticides.
 ...
PMID:Acute chlordane intoxication. 665 71

Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant drug in widespread use for the treatment of tonic-clonic and temporal lobe seizure disorders. Acute intoxication with this agent results in both neurologic and cardiovascular dysfunction. Neurologic manifestations may range from mild ataxia to profound coma with respiratory failure and are correlated with the plasma drug level. Cardiovascular effects appear primarily as conduction system disturbances. Treatment of carbamazepine overdose consists of aggressive orogastric lavage followed by activated charcoal administration with catharsis. Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring and close observation are necessary until plasma carbamazepine levels fall to therapeutic anticonvulsant levels. In cases of severe intoxication with respiratory failure and prolonged intubation, charcoal hemoperfusion has been reported to result in rapid improvement.
 ...
PMID:Acute carbamazepine intoxication: clinical spectrum and management. 669 15

Massive cocaine intoxication is manifested by central nervous system stimulation (restlessness, tremors, convulsions) and then depression (respiratory and cardiovascular failure). A young man presented with new seizures and eventual development of status epilepticus, respiratory failure, and cardiovascular depression. Investigation revealed ingestion of cocaine-filled condoms which had ruptured in the gastrointestinal tract. Smuggling of illicit drugs via the oral-fecal route may lead to severe physiologic derangements if the container ruptures.
 ...
PMID:Cocaine intoxication: massive oral overdose. 677 47

An 8-month-old girl with acute mercury vapor intoxication experienced pneumonitis with respiratory failure, bilateral pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, acute renal failure, hepatocellular dysfunction, and seizures. Treatment centered on intensive supportive care; her survival is exceptional among infants with severe mercury intoxication.
 ...
PMID:Survival after acute mercury vapor poisoning. 686 32

Two patients, one dying at 25 days and one at 20 months had 'chronic' lactic acidaemia with a high lactate to pyruvate ratio. Both showed EEG abnormalities and seizure activity and both died of respiratory failure. Investigation of cultured skin fibroblasts from these patients revealed normal pyruvate dehydrogenase and pyruvate carboxylase activities but the cells showed a decreased ability to oxidase pyruvate which was returned to normal on the addition of methylene blue. Subsequent investigations revealed that the mitochondria from the patients' cells could oxidase pyruvate normally but that the cells had an abnormal NAD to NADH ratio under standard conditions of incubation. It was concluded that both children had a redox disequilibrium in the cytoplasmic compartment due to a problem in transporting reducing equivalents from the cytoplasmic to the mitochondrial compartments.
 ...
PMID:Lactic acidosis, neurological deterioration and compromised cellular pyruvate oxidation due to a defect in the reoxidation of cytoplasmically generated NADH. 688 92

Large intramuscular doses of a water-miscible preparation of vitamin A (500,000 I.U. retinyl acetate/ml), vitamin E (50 I.U./ml) and vitamin D2 (50,000 I.U./ml) were administered to young monkeys (Macacus fascicularis) weighing 1-1.8 kg. At vitamin A doses equivalent to 200 mg retinol/kg or higher, early signs of acute toxicity included yawning, apparent drowsiness, nausea and vomiting, head shaking, neck hyperextension, motor hyperactivity and coordination. These immediate signs were first noted 3-35 minutes after injection. Following apparent recovery at 1-2 hrs, longer term signs of toxicity, such as decreased activity, malaise, drowsiness, loss of appetite, loss of weight, and itchiness of the skin, appeared within 1-6 days, depending on the dose. Monkeys receiving the highest lethal doses became progressively weaker, showed labored breathing, lapsed into a coma, lost simple reflexes and then died. Respiratory failure usually preceded the cessation of heart beat. In some monkeys on a lower but lethal dose, death was preceded by generalized convulsive seizures. The time of onset of the first sign and survival time were inversely proportional to the dosage, but in individual monkeys no correlation existed between onset time and survival time. Female monkeys seemed to succumb faster to a lethal dose than male monkeys. All animals receiving the equivalent of 300 mg retinol/kg died. Under the conditions used, the LD50 was estimated to be 168 mg retinol (560 000 I>U.) per body weight.
 ...
PMID:A lethal hypervitaminosis A syndrome in young monkeys (Macacus fascicularis) following a single intramuscular dose of a water-miscible preparation containing vitamins A, D2 and E. 697 50

An 8-week-old boy presented with a history of irritability, progressive feeding difficulty, generalised weakness, tachypnoea, and minor motor seizures. The clinical course was characterised by rapidly progressive respiratory failure, and neurological deterioration culminating in death at age 15 weeks. Electron microscopical examination and histological studies of the lung showed the presence of numerous intra-alveolar and a few interstitial macrophages. Enzyme studies and subsequent histopathological studies on brain confirmed the diagnosis of an unusual variant of Krabbe globoid cell leucodystrophy.
 ...
PMID:Early infantile variant of Krabbe globoid cell leucodystrophy with lung involvement. 727 3

Cystic disease of the lungs with focal nodular adenomatoid proliferation is among the least common pathologic stigmas of tuberous sclerosis. It tends to develop in adult life, occurs more commonly among female patients who do not have mental retardation and epileptic seizures, and may be rapidly fatal after the onset of respiratory symptoms. Reported here is one such case, that of a 45-year-old woman who had, in addition to the pulmonary involvement, cerebral tubers, retinal phakomas, adenoma sebaceum, subungual fibromas, renal angiomyolipomas, cardiac angiofibroma, hepatic angiomas, and thyroid adenoma. This is also the first patient in whom pulmonary function tests by body plethysmography were performed, which aids our understanding of the pathophysiology of respiratory failure in tuberous sclerosis.
 ...
PMID:Cystic disease of the lungs in tuberous sclerosis: clinicopathologic correlation, including body plethysmographic lung function tests. 741 9

We have shown previously that a standardized protocol is effective in the management of alcohol withdrawal in a general hospital. In this study a Quality Assurance (QA) approach was used to determine whether all patients at risk were detected and treated correctly in time. A total of 500 episodes were monitored, 82% of patients at risk were identified, and 89% of patients were seen within 24 h (median 4 h). The protocol was followed correctly in 86% of cases but was inappropriately applied in 7.2%. Medication was given in 242 cases, on 93% of occasions according to guidelines. In all, 11.8% of episodes became complicated by seizure, hallucinations or confusion and two patients had terminal respiratory failure which worsened after sedation. A standardized protocol for alcohol withdrawal can be used in a general hospital with high rates of detection of at risk patients, a high rate of compliance with treatment guidelines and a low rate of complications.
 ...
PMID:Quality assurance in the management of alcohol withdrawal in a general hospital. 771 99

In order to examine the respiratory effects of tonic-clonic seizures and their treatment with i.v. diazepam or lorazepam, we utilized a spontaneously breathing piglet seizure model. A tracheostomy, arterial catheter, and epidural electrodes were inserted and pigs were maintained under ketamine anesthesia. After baseline recordings, seizures were induced with a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) bolus and a 20 min infusion (5-6 mg/kg/min). After 10 min of PTZ infusion, randomly assigned animals received diazepam (D; N = 7; 0.5 mg/kg), lorazepam (L; N = 7; 0.2 mg/kg), or 0.9% saline (C; N = 7; controls) by rapid peripheral vein injection. Minute ventilation (Ve), Pa(CO2), and the pressure change in response to airway occlusion at end-expiration (P0.1) were measured at standard intervals. All groups had comparable increases in respiratory drive during untreated seizures. Changes in Ve and P0.1 were reduced to at or below baseline values in groups D and L, but not C, from 2 to 45 min after treatment (P < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in Pa(CO2) after either intervention. Following anticonvulsants, the cumulative duration of seizures was significantly reduced in L and D groups, compared to C (P < 0.05). We conclude that increases in respiratory drive occur during tonic-clonic seizures induced with PTZ. Amelioration of seizure activity with lorazepam or diazepam results in a reduction in respiratory drive, but not respiratory failure, in this tracheostomized model.
 ...
PMID:Respiratory drive during status epilepticus and its treatment: comparison of diazepam and lorazepam. 771 57


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>