Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There are few data in the literature suggesting that endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) might be involved in the pathomechanism of seizures. Since the mechanism of seizures inducted by exposure to oxygen high pressure (OHP) is not fully elucidated, this study was designed to investigate the effect of exogenous PG s and of indomethacin (a Pg synthesis inhibitor) upon the development and consequences of seizures in rats exposed to OHP (5 ata). In the animals pretreated with PGE2 (1 ng/kg s.c.) pre-seizure time was shortened, lung weight : body weight index increased and symptoms of respiratory failure potentiated, as compared with the control group. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg i.p) prevented the development of seizures and of pulmonary consequences of OHP exposure. Biochemical examination of brains has shown that velocity of free radical oxidation of lipids (reactions manifested by the breakdown of phospholipid fatty acids, mainly unsaturated ones) enhanced by OHP exposure, is further potentiated in rats pretreated with PGE2. Electron microscopic study has shown the alterations similar to those seen in brain ischemia and/or hypoxia, and the magnitude of changes was related to the intensity of symptoms evoked by OHP. The results show that cerebral and pulmonary consequences of OHP exposure are potentiated by exogenous PGE2 and prevented by inhibition of endogenous PG synthesis. This suggests that PGs and/or their active metabolites might be involved in the mechanism of oxygen toxicity during exposure to hyperbaric oxygen.
 ...
PMID:Effect of prostaglandin E2 and of indomethacin upon cerebral and pulmonary consequences of exposure to hyperbaric oxygen in rats. 45 47

Between January 1972 and December 1976 201 preterm infants and neonates were treated with mechanical ventilation. These children were classified into 6 groups according to the indications for mechanical ventilation: P = respiratory failure caused by pulmonary disease; Z-P = respiratory failure caused by cerebral disturbance with simultaneous respiratory disease; Z = respiratory failure caused by cerebral disturbance; C = respiratory failure caused by cardiac disease; SCH = respiratory failure through shock; M = respiratory failure caused by mechanical disturbance; Bronchopulmonary complications developed in 70% of the survivors and in 60% of the fatalities. The most serious bronchopulmonary complications were infections which occured with similar frequency in all indication groups as late-onset complications, and air-leaks which occured as early complications. The latter complication was significantly higher (38%) in the first than in the other groups. The most serious extrapulmonary complications were seizures, intracerebral hemorrhages and septicemia. 71 of the 201 patients survived. There was a significant increase in the survival rate from 21.2% in 1972-1973 to 43% in 1974-1976. The survival rates differed significantly within the indication groups. The best result was found in the p-group followed by the Z-group. The highest mortality rate was found in the SCH and C-group.
 ...
PMID:[Complications and survival rate in preterm infants and neonates treated with mechanical ventilation (author's transl)]. 49 87

This study has shown that while some liposomes are highly toxic to the central nervous system, others, of different composition, are tolerated well in the dosage used (0.02-0.05 ml = 4-12 mg of lipid/inoculum). Those composed of lecithin-cholesterol-dicetyl phosphate or lecithin-cholesterol-stearylamine produced generalised epileptic seizures and some deaths due to respiratory failure immediately after injection,and a subsequent widespread tissue necrosis. However liposomes composed of lecithin-cholesterol-phosphatidic acid, or dipalmitoyl lecithin only, produced minimal morphological changes and by the sixth day post-injection the pathology was limited to the mechanical trauma caused by the injection. It is concluded that liposomes of appropriate composition may be sufficiently benign to use as carriers of therapeutic agents into the CNS.
 ...
PMID:Liposome toxicity in the mouse central nervous system. 83 31

An assessment of morbidity in near-drowning was made from a review of emergency room and hospital records of 72 patients, ages 9 months to 20 years, who suffered near-drowning during the period January 1972 through June 1974. Fifteen patients (21% evidenced severe anoxic encephalopathy; the remainder had no detectable neurologic deficits. Hypoxemia was demonstrated in 56 patients. Severe acidosis was not present unless respiratory failure occurred. Neither electrolytes, red blood cell hemolysis, nor cardiac arrhythmias presented a problem. Respiratory complications included pulmonary edema, aspiration pneumonia, atelectasis, shock lung, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum. All children requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency room suffered anoxic encephalopathy. The occurrence of seizures, fixed and dilated pupils, flaccid extremities, and lack of response to deep pain in the emergency room had almost universal correlation with resultant severe anoxic encephalopathy, as did a submersion period of six or more minutes. The morbidity of near-drowning is significant with regard to the number of children affected and the severity of the central nervous system insult received. The statement by the American Heart Association that resuscitative efforts in children should be continued for periods longer than ten minutes needs reevaluation, since neurologic recovery did not occur in any child requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the emergency room. More importantly, new methods of cerebral resuscitation need to be developed and established. In short, medical personnel need to think in terms of cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) rather than in terms of CPR.
 ...
PMID:Morbidity of childhood near-drowning. 84 May 54

Recurrent acute respiratory failure in an epileptic subject is described. The first episode of respiratory failure occurred while the patient was having frequent epileptic fits and was probably secondary to cerebral oedema with temporal herniation. The second occurred suddenly after 27 days during which the patient had been free from seizures. It is suggested that this episode of acute respiratory failure was the result of an epileptic seizure without any motor symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Respiratory failure as a seizure phenomenon. A case report. 119 63

Irreversible ligation of the right common carotid artery and right internal jugular vein is usual in venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for treatment of severe respiratory failure in neonates. Vessel ligation with ECMO may magnify risks of cerebral hemorrhage or infarction (CHI) and adversely affect neurodevelopmental outcome. To correlate CHI after ECMO with neurodevelopmental outcome, we reviewed cranial ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in 22 consecutive neonatal ECMO survivors and compared these with results of Bayley Scales of Infant Development obtained at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of follow-up. All patients had US, and 19 had MRI. No US or MRI had focal abnormal findings attributable to ECMO; specifically, there was no evidence of CHI. Two infants had generalized cerebral atrophy, and one of these had an abnormal Bayley examination. One infant with a normal MRI had a single right focal seizure 4 days after ECMO. Of 20 infants with Bayley developmental tests at 3 to 30 months of age (mental index range, 72 to 135; motor index range, 71 to 150), only 3 were abnormal. In our experience, the incidence of CHI secondary to ECMO is less than that reported. After ECMO, the absence of intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral infarct, or cerebral atrophy on US or MRI usually correlates with normal short-term neurodevelopmental outcome.
 ...
PMID:Neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: cranial magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography correlation. 155 40

We describe two siblings who presented with lethargy, decreased sucking, respiratory failure and seizures in their first days of life. Pin-point pupils were noted in both siblings. Amino acid analysis revealed elevated concentrations of glycine in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with abnormal CSF/plasma ratios, compatible with hyperglycinemia. Urine organic acid analysis was unremarkable. Hyperammonemia was found in both siblings, but this subsided within 24-72 h. We suggest that pin-point pupils may be an additional presenting sign of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and, if looked for early enough, hyperammonemia may be found in this disorder.
 ...
PMID:Nonketotic hyperglycinemia presenting with pin-point pupils and hyperammonemia. 155 2

We found electroencephalographic (EEG) studies to be useful for monitoring cerebral function, for confirming seizure activity, and for limited prediction of short-term outcome in 145 neonates who required extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) of reversible respiratory failure. The EEG tracings were classified as normal or as mildly, moderately, or markedly abnormal; abnormal recordings were further classified as focal, diffuse, or predominantly lateralized. A significant decrease in frequency and degree of EEG abnormalities was observed in recordings obtained after ECMO compared to those obtained prior to (P = .001) or during ECMO (P = .001). There was no significant increase in marked EEG abnormalities when recordings obtained before and during ECMO were compared (P = 0.41). Of 11 infants with electrographic seizures during ECMO, 7 (64%) either died during their nursery courses or were developmentally handicapped at age 1 year which is a significantly greater adverse outcome than that observed in infants without EEG seizure activity (P less than .003). No consistently lateralized EEG abnormalities were observed during or after ECMO when compared to tracings obtained before cannulation of the right common carotid artery. There was no acute change in EEG rhythm or amplitude over the right cerebral hemisphere during right common carotid artery cannulation. Our observations support the value of serial EEG in the assessment of cerebral function in critically ill infants undergoing ECMO. They further suggest that, in this patient population, cannulation of the right common carotid artery is a safe procedure that does not result in lateralized abnormalities of cerebral electrical activity.
 ...
PMID:Utility of serial EEGs in neonates during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. 162 14

A fatal case of severe meningoencephalitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes in a compromised alcoholic has been described. Unconsciousness, full meningeal symptoms with slight lateralisation of signs, seizures, respiratory failure within three days before death have been observed.
 ...
PMID:[A case of Listeria meningoencephalitis with a fatal result]. 181 20

Organophosphate compounds insecticides are the most commonly associated with serious human toxicity. We reviewed the adult cases of organophosphate poisoning seen at HURRA from January 1986 to January 1990. We had 14 cases, all male patients. The most common mode of exposure was by ingestion in a suicidal attempt, (8/14 cases). The most common symptom observed was nausea (6/14 patients), and the most common sign was increased bronchial secretions (8/14 patients). Laboratory abnormalities were similar to those previously reported in the literature: leukocytosis (10/14 cases), hyperglycemia (5/14 cases) and hypokalemia (4/14 cases). Patients were treated following accepted guidelines. None of our patients developed seizures nor ventricular arrhythmias. One of our patients developed respiratory failure and required mechanical ventilation. Two patients developed pneumonic processes, requiring intravenous antibiotic therapy. The hospital stay of these two patients was prolonged (7 and 10 days respectively). For the other 12 patients, the hospital stay ranged from 2 to 4 days. We had no mortality in our series. We were able to obtain follow-up interview by telephone with 10 of the 14 patients and we did not find any history of symptoms of delayed clinical toxicity.
 ...
PMID:Organophosphate poisoning. 207 47


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>