Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 42-year-old male presented with right-sided weakness, dysphasia and seizures while climbing the French Alps at an approximate altitude of 3,000 m. Imaging studies were consistent with superior sagittal sinus thrombosis with hemorrhage. Laboratory testing for thrombophilic states, 18 days after presentation at our hospital, showed a low protein C level (0.32 U/ml, normal 0.80-1.60 U/ml). A family member was also found to have protein C deficiency without a history of thrombosis. The patient gradually improved and was discharged on warfarin and valproic acid. This is the first reported case of cerebral venous thrombosis in a patient with congenital protein C deficiency who ascended to high altitude. We postulate that the ascent to high altitude represented an additional prothrombotic risk factor to the congenital protein C deficiency leading to cerebral thrombosis.
 ...
PMID:Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis occurring at high altitude associated with protein C deficiency. 1083 59

Intracerebral cavernous angiomas may cause hemorrhage, epileptic seizures and neurological deficits. The diagnosis of these lesions became easier with the advent of the magnetic resonance image (MRI). Radical resection is the treatment of choice. Due to frequent subcortical or deep location, image-guided techniques, such as stereotactic-guided surgery, offer many advantages as smaller skin incision and craniotomy, less brain manipulation with consequently lower morbidity. We present a series of nine cavernous angiomas treated by stereotactic-guided radical surgical resection. The diagnosis was done by MRI and confirmed by pathologic studies in all cases. Mean age of patients was 30 years old (range 20-54 years). Postoperative morbidity occurred in two cases: one patient had a convulsion on the third postoperative day and the other presented dysphasia and hemiparesis on the second postoperative day, both with total recovery. Total resection of the lesion was possible in all cases with no neurological deficit.
 ...
PMID:[Stereotactic-guided surgery for cavernous angiomas]. 1077 Aug 69

Epilepsy, and its treatment, can affect the development and use of language in a number of different ways. The seizures may be a symptom of a lesion in areas of the brain essential for language function, and the complications of both the seizures and of the drugs can interfere with learning. However, the purpose of this review is to consider the role of epileptic activity as demonstrated by electrical discharges in the electroencephalogram (EEG), whether these are accompanied by overt seizures or not, on cerebral function especially that of language. The Landau-Kleffner, the continuous spike-waves during sleep, and the benign epilepsy of childhood with Rolandic spikes syndromes are considered; as well as the evidence of epileptic discharges affecting language development. If there are doubts that a patient is suffering from epilepsy the diagnosis may be difficult; and anyone involved in the treatment of language disorders should keep this possibility in mind. Particularly during childhood an EEG, awake and asleep, should be an important part of the assessment of both developmental and acquired dysphasia. The control of overt fits may be relatively easy, but drugs are not so effective in controlling the epileptic activity in the EEG. The treatment of such discharges used to be discouraged, but the evidence is now strongly in favour of employing both medical and surgical treatment. The results in restoring language function are sometimes dramatic.
Seizure 2000 Apr
PMID:Cognitive functions and epileptic activity. 1077 14

Five right-handed children with acquired aphasia elipepsy syndrome (Landau-Kleffner, LKS), were investigated with 99(m)TcHMPAO single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and the results were correlated with their EEGs and clinical history. The childrens' ages ranged from 2 to 5 years and the aphasia had been present for 6 to over 12 months. No clinical seizure had ever been onserved in the younger two children and their waking EEGs showed infrequent central spikes. Both children had areas of low intensity on SPECT, involving the left temporal lobe in one and the right temporal lobe in the other, which has also been reported in children with congenital dysphasia who have normal EEGs. The three older children presented with frequent generalized seizures, with the aphasia occurring 3-6 months later. The SPECT scans in these children were performed either in the ictal state, or when electrographic seizure activity was very frequent on EEG. All three children had hyperintense foci on SPECT involving the left posterior temporal region corresponding to Wernickes area. We conclude that LKS may be initially a unilateral seizure disorder of Wernickes area, with EEG discharges in the contralateral hemisphere representing propagation from the unilateral focus. Copyright 1999 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
 ...
PMID:SPECT abnormalities in Landau-Kleffner syndrome. 1083 63

Ictal increased writing has never been concretely demonstrated to be an epileptic symptom. We reported the evolution of seizures, from the beginning of reading-writing dysphasia through increased writing to secondary generalization, in a schoolchild with benign partial seizures. The lateralizing value of inter- or non-ictal hypergraphia has been stressed for the right hemisphere, while ictal increased writing most likely originated from the language area in the dominant (left) cerebral hemisphere in our patient.
 ...
PMID:Ictal increased writing preceded by dysphasic seizures. 1104 25

Administration of general anesthesia is rarely accompanied with newly developed postoperative neurological complications. We analyzed postoperative complications after general anesthesia where an urgent neurologic assistance was necessary. The investigation included 120 patients. The same neurologist performed neurologic examination and electroencephalography, and computerized tomography (CT) was performed if necessary. In 96 (80%) patients focal stimulative or destructive phenomena such as epi-seizures or neurologic deficit were not detected by neurologic examination. In 9 (7.5%) patients were detected consciousness crisis. In 6 patients (5%) were registered right extremities weakness with motor dysphasia, which was withdrawn in first 24 hours. In these cases EEG revealed weak activity in theta frequency, above frontoparietal regions, bilaterally. In 6 (5%) patients was registered neurologic deficit of hemiparesis or semi-severe degree with development of ischemic lesion confirmed by CT. In 6 (5%) patients, CT scan revealed the presence of mild brain edema. Also, positive correlation between duration of anesthesia, age and metabolic disorders, specially diabetes mellitus, was found. We concluded that age, type of surgical intervention and duration of general anesthesia had the greatest influence on the development of neurologic disorders during and after general anesthesia, and the presence of metabolic disorders and previous brain damage increase the risk for the onset of these complications.
 ...
PMID:[Neurologic manifestations after surgical interventions]. 1152 64

This report reviews the lateralising and localising signs of epileptic seizures in respect to the differential diagnosis of epilepsy. The lateralising value of epileptic signs and symptoms can frequently be derived from the neuroanatomy. Focal clonic, focal tonic, and versive seizures as well as ictal unilateral dystonia are associated with a seizure onset zone in the contralateral hemisphere. Postictal nose wiping is performed with the hand ipsilateral to the epileptogenic zone. Similarly, unilateral blinking points to an ipsilateral seizure onset. Automatisms with preserved consciousness, ictal speech, and vomiting correlate to an epileptogenic zone in the non-dominant hemisphere, while postictal dysphasia is produced by seizures arising from the dominant hemisphere. Lateralising and localising signs and symptoms of epileptic seizures are of great help in the differential diagnosis of epilepsy from the first diagnosis of epileptic events to presurgical video-EEG monitoring.
 ...
PMID:[Lateralizing and localizing signs and symptoms of epileptic seizures: significance and application in clinical practice]. 1168 74

Speech and language delay is a common developmental or acquired disorder. It can be a feature of the autistic spectrum, and if regression of language coincides with epilepsy, the diagnosis of Landau-Kleffner syndrome is considered. Slow acquisition of language without regression is called developmental dysphasia. A retrospective review of clinical and electroencephalographic (including video electroencephalographic) data on 138 children with speech/language delay, seen in a year's time, is presented. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was abnormal in 61% of children with a history of language regression. The EEG was abnormal in only 15% of children with developmental language disorder, most of whom also had clinical seizures. The difference between the two groups was highly significant (P = 0.004). Therefore obtaining an EEG in children with regression of language, especially if a history of clinical seizures is elicited, is indicated.
 ...
PMID:The Electroencephalogram in Children with Developmental Dysphasia. 1260 93

When antiepileptic drugs fail to relieve seizures adequately in children and adolescents, more invasive therapies such as epilepsy surgery and an implanted device to stimulate the vagus nerve should be considered. Temporal lobectomy is an effective treatment of complex partial and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures arising in the mesial structures or lateral temporal neocortex. Excellent outcomes (seizure free or rare, nondisabling seizures) are achieved in at least 70% of children. The most common adverse effect is a superior quadrant field cut that is usually asymptomatic. Transient and more long-lasting language difficulties have been reported when the surgery involves the dominant temporal lobe. The excellent outcome rate for extratemporal surgery ranges from approximately 20% to 80%, with better results seen in patients with an identifiable lesion. Potential morbidity is related to the region of resected neocortex. Corpus callosotomy is an excellent procedure for palliation but is not a cure for seizures that cause falls, with substantial improvement seen in more than 80% of patients. Potential adverse effects include more intense focal seizures and dysphasia, depending on the developmental level of the individual. Hemispherectomy provides seizure relief in 60% to 80% of patients with hemispherical pathologies such as Sturge-Weber or Rasmussen syndromes. Operative mortality has been reported in the range of 0% to 6%; other morbidities include infection and hydrocephalus. Stimulation of the vagus nerve has reduced partial seizures by 50% or more in approximately one third of patients. No adverse cognitive or systemic effects are associated with use of the implanted vagus nerve stimulator.
 ...
PMID:Therapeutics in pediatric epilepsy, Part 2: Epilepsy surgery and vagus nerve stimulation. 1263 May 91

The 25-year-old right-handed woman suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) was referred to our centre for presurgical evaluation. MRI showed a right-sided hippocampal sclerosis. During video-EEG-recorded seizures, abdominal aura was followed by oral automatisms, during which she was completely reactive to external stimuli, although she was unable to speak. Ictal EEG showed right temporal seizure pattern, without contralateral propagation. She had abnormal speech postictally. Speech-activated functional transcranial Doppler sonography revealed right-sided speech dominance. She has become seizure free after a right-sided amygdalo-hippocampectomy. In our patient, contradictory clinical ictal lateralising signs (automatisms with preserved responsiveness vs. ictal and postictal dysphasia) occurred during right-, speech-dominant-sided seizures. This is the first report when automatisms with preserved consciousness occurred during a seizure originating and involving the speech-dominant hemisphere.
Seizure 2003 Apr
PMID:Automatisms with preserved responsiveness and ictal aphasia: contradictory lateralising signs during a dominant temporal lobe seizure. 1265 Oct 87


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>