Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Palinacousis (auditory perseveration) is a rarely reported symptom of temporal lobe dysfunction. We describe a new case. A 50-year-old woman presented with nausea, vomiting, and global dysphasia, followed by two generalized seizures. Examination was otherwise normal, and computed tomography showed a small area of enhancement near the left sylvian fissure; there was a left temporal focus on the electroencephalogram. Treatment with phenytoin was instituted, and speech improved, with residual fluent dysphasia. Three days postictally, the patient complained of "echoing voices" in her right ear. Words or fragments of sentences recently uttered by the patient or others were perceived to recur unaltered for minutes to hours. Sounds other than speech were also affected. One week later the voices had disappeared, but a ticking sound was present; this also faded subsequently. The palinacousis never recurred; the patient was later found to have a Grade IV astrocytoma of the left temporal lobe, which caused her demise 8 months later. The features of this case are similar to those previously reported and favor an epileptic etiology. Palinacousis should be recognized as a sign of organic temporal lobe disease and not confused with manifestations of psychotic illness.
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PMID:Palinacousis: a case report. 341 74

A patient is described who developed unilateral seizures whilst being treated with recombinant interferon for hairy cell leukemia. Special features included the relatively low dose of interferon, the focal aspect of the epilepsy and the high resistance to anticonvulsants. Oligoclonal banding of cerebrospinal fluid proteins may have resulted from polyclonal activation of bone marrow plasma cells during interferon treatment. Disturbances of consciousness, dysphasia, visual hallucinations, upper motor neuron deficit, tremor, dizziness, numbness, myalgia and headache, all of them neurological complications of interferon treatment, are discussed.
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PMID:Unilateral seizures in a patient with hairy cell leukemia treated with interferon. 393 49

Four (3.4%) of 117 patients undergoing metrizamide myelography experienced transient expressive dysphasia 7-8 hr after myelography and lasting up to 36 hr. All four patients had lumbar myelograms obtained with 15 ml of 190 mg l/ml (2850 mg l). Metrizamide was injected via lumbar puncture with a 20 gauge spinal needle under fluoroscopic control. Neurologic complications after metrizamide have been reported, but so far have appeared to be transient. It is likely that the transient expressive dysphasia experienced by the four patients reported here was a neurotoxic reaction, rather than a seizure phenomenon.
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PMID:Transient expressive (nonfluent) dysphasia after metrizamide myelography. 393 34

In a comparative randomized double-blind study, 73 patients underwent myelography using iopamidol (36 patients) or metrizamide (37 patients) as contrast medium. The overall diagnostic adequacy of iopamidol myelography was found to be comparable to that of metrizamide myelography. The incidence of examinations graded as superior (64%) or adequate (36%) with iopamidol was equivalent to that with metrizamide (57% superior, 43% adequate). Adverse reactions after iopamidol myelography were fewer, less severe, and generally of shorter duration than those associated with metrizamide. In the iopamidol group, adverse reactions occurred in nine (25%) patients, all of whom experienced mild or moderate headache, one with nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. In the metrizamide group, adverse reactions occurred in 17 (46%) patients, all of whom experienced mild or moderate headache, six with nausea and vomiting and four with back and leg pain. Of nine individuals who underwent myelography using 300 mg 1/ml metrizamide injected via lateral C1-C2 puncture, three experienced a toxic encephalopathy with confusion, dysphasia, headache, nausea, and vomiting, and a fourth individual suffered severe nausea, vomiting, fever, and irregular pulse. Encephalopathy was not observed in any of the 11 patients in whom myelography was performed via lateral C1-C2 puncture with a similar concentration of iopamidol. No seizures were encountered, and no clinically significant changes in laboratory studies were observed with either contrast medium.
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PMID:Iopamidol and metrizamide for myelography: prospective double-blind clinical trial. 638 81

This study documents five patients with neurological disease associated with evidence of recent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Four patients had encephalitis associated with coma. Two of these had hemiparesis (one with dysphasia), one had seizures, and one had cerebellar and brainstem involvement. Two also had evidence of a radiculopathy and peripheral neuropathy. One patient had aseptic meningitis with later transverse myelitis. Three patients had multiple sites of neurological involvement. Respiratory infections preceded the neurological syndromes in four cases. Antibiotic therapy did not appear to alter the course of the disease. All patients had a favourable outcome.
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PMID:Neurological complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. 643 46

The authors report a case of a female patient, age 22, who presented episodes of focal seizures, right hemiparesis and dysphasia of five months duration. The neurologic exam revealed bilateral papilledema and computarized tomography of the head showed a cystic lesion (70X77 mm) in the left fronto-temporo-parietal area, midline shift and similar lesions scattered in the brain parenchyma. She was submitted to a left craniotomy with the diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis and the major cyst (Cysticercus racemosus) and a small cortical cyst (10X10 mm) were removed to aliviate the increased intracraneal pressure and for histopathological examination. Thirteen days after surgery she was discharged without neurological deficits, except mild papilledema. One month later she was treated with praziquantel (50 mg/kg/day) during 21 days. The CSF examination was normal before the treatment started and showed a transient eosinophilic cellular reaction with positivation of the complement fixation test for cysticercosis while on treatment. The CT-Scan performed before the medical treatment revealed ventricular dilatation and several low density areas (10 to 40 mm) scattered in the cerebral parenchyma, including the operative site. CT-Scan performed three months later showed small low density areas only in the left cerebral hemisphere, including the operative site, calcification in the parenchyma, and slight dilatation of the left lateral ventricle. The clinical evolution was uneventful and the neurologic examination was normal three months later.
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PMID:[Tumor form of neurocysticercosis: surgical removal of a cysticercus measuring 70X77 mm and treatment with praziquantel]. 646 48

An 18-year-old male student had a 3-month history of partial seizures with cognitive symptomatology, with occasional secondary generalization. After 3 weeks of treatment with clobazam 20 mg a day, the patient developed, in association with his seizures, a neologistic jargon dysphasia but with loss of inflection, volume, and rhythm of speech, presumably as a result of the effect of the clobazam.
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PMID:Paroxysmal language disturbance in an epileptic treated with clobazam. 668 5

Twenty-seven patients with epilepsy as the only manifestation of a cerebral AVM were seen at the MNI/MNH from 1973 to 1981. The nine females and eighteen males between the ages of fourteen and fifty-four years (mean 25.2 years) had epilepsy for an average of 3.5 years prior to the diagnosis of AVM. Seven patients had primarily generalized seizures, ten patients had partial seizures with complex symptoms, fourteen patients had partial seizures with elementary symptoms, and thirteen patients had secondarily generalized seizures. Although there was no history of intracranial hemorrhage, seven patients had negative hemispheric signs (hemiatrophy, hemianopia, dysphasia, hemiparesis), two had impaired mentation, and two were ataxic. The EEG, normal in ten cases,showed non-epileptiform activity in six cases, and focal epileptiform activity in eleven cases. Angiographic and/or histological examination revealed eight small (less than 2 cm in diameter) and nineteen large lesions. Fifteen AVMs involved the frontal lobe, ten the temporal lobe five the parietal lobe, and one the occipital lobe. Angiography failed to demonstrate three frontal and three temporal AVMs. Plain CT scanning demonstrated a high or low density lesion without a mass effect in sixteen cases, enlargement of the ipsilateral ventricle or Sylvian fissure in seven cases, and diffuse ventricular enlargement in three cases. CT scanning was performed after the intravenous injection of contrast material in nineteen cases and demonstrated vascular enhancement in fifteen cases and an abnormal blood vessel in six cases. Two angiographically occult AVMs demonstrated vascular enhancement with infusion CT scanning, thereby demonstrating the vascular nature of the lesion where angiography had failed to do so.
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PMID:Epilepsy from cerebral arteriovenous malformations. 686 Oct 14

A right-handed 32-year-old woman had recurrent combined partial temporal and secondary generalized epileptic states almost constantly related to menstruations. During such more or less prolonged episodes sometimes the patient presented right adversive attacks with short postictal dysphasia. The catamenial status epilepticus observed in this cas was manifested in two clear-cut behavioral phases. The first phase was characterized by frequently recurrent left temporal epileptiform discharges without tendency to diffusion, progressively more prolonged and pseudorhythmic associated with a signalized feeling of intense fear without apparent impairment of consciousness or speech disturbances. The electroclinical features of the first phase suggest a depth origin of the paroxysms, probably due to a primary epileptogenic focus in the left amygdaloid-hippocampal complex. In the second phase the left temporal focal semirhythmic discharges associated with fear bouts became more frequent and prolonged and began to be followed by long-lasting generalized discharges resulting in a trance-like state with severe impairment of consciousness. The diffuse paroxysmal activity regularly preceded by the left temporal focal discharges was interpreted as a form of secondary bilateral synchrony constantly triggered from a focal pacemaker represented by the primary epileptogenic focus. During the very short transient periods of sudden cessation of the epileptiform activity the patient returned immediately to an apparent normal mental state. Good correlation could be established between different seizure patterns and predominant clinical signs. Intravenous diazepam rapidly decreased and then completely stopped the catamenial status epilepticus. Some problems related to the classification of these rare epileptic events are discussed.
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PMID:Combined partial temporal and secondary generalized status epilepticus. Report of a case with fear bouts followed by prolonged confusion. 686 4

We add two cases of neoplastic angioendotheliosis to the previous 13 with central nervous system manifestations. This unusual neoplastic phenomenon is thought to represent a diffuse malignant proliferation of endothelial cells. A man aged 58 first had transient ischemic attacks followed by a subacute profound dementia with psychomotor retardation. Remission followed steroid therapy. Abulia recurred along with a gradually progressive paraplegia leading to death 16 months after onset of symptoms. Pathologic examination showed tumor masses in the basal ganglia and widespread patchy cerebral infarction. The spinal cord below the midthoracic level was destroyed. Microscopically small mononuclear tumor cells were widespread within and largely confined to the lumens of small cerebral blood vessels which showed varying degrees of occlusion and recanalization. Factor 8 antigen, a specific endothelial cell marker, was not present on the surface of the malignant cells. Another man aged 61 developed subacute dementia with frontal lobe signs, dysphasia and impairment of memory. Computerized tomography showed multiple infarcts. A brief respite followed steroid therapy but progressive deterioration led to death in 15 weeks. Frontal lobe biopsy revealed the same neoplastic vascular process. The hallmark of the illness is a progressive subacute lobar dementia. Transient spells may occur. Hemiparesis is unusual and seizures do not occur except terminally. Angiography is normal.
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PMID:Neoplastic angioendotheliosis. 703 26


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