Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We recently identified a new locus for spastic paraplegia type 47 (SPG47) in a consanguineous Arabic family with two affected siblings with progressive spastic paraparesis,intellectual disability, seizures, periventricular white matter changes and thin corpus callosum. Using exome sequencing, we now identified a novel AP4B1 frameshift mutation (c.664delC) in this family. This mutation was homozygous in both affected siblings and heterozygous in both parents. The mutant allele was absent in 316 Caucasian and 200 ethnically matched control chromosomes. We propose that AP4B1 mutations cause SPG47 and should be considered in early onset spastic paraplegia with intellectual disability.
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PMID:Mutation in the AP4B1 gene cause hereditary spastic paraplegia type 47 (SPG47) . 2229 Jan 97

Prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) varies from 1-3%. Genetic causes of ID are being increasingly recognized. Although multiple mutations have been identified as a cause of syndromic ID, the genetic etiology of non-syndromic ID is poorly understood. However, more than 100 loci have been mapped that are associated with non-syndromic ID. There have been a couple of reports of AP4B1 gene mutation causing severe intellectual disability, absent speech, shy character, stereotypic laughter, muscular hypotonia that progressed to spastic paraplegia, microcephaly, foot deformity, decreased muscle mass of the lower limbs, inability to walk, and growth retardation. They had structural brain abnormalities and seizures. The reported cases were from Arab families where consanguineous marriage is common. We encountered an African-American child who presented first at the age of 24 mo with language difficulties and was subsequently found to have moderate to severe intellectual disability by standardized tests. Shortly, he started to have seizures and problems with ambulation. Although he was hypotonic at the time of presentation, legs slowly became spastic at the age of 4 yr. After a thorough work up, he was found to have heterozygous mutation in the AP4B1 gene along with another missense mutation in the same gene. There has been no report of mutation in this gene in the North American population. Although AP4B1 typically is said to be an autosomal recessive disease-causing gene, our case is different in the sense that there are two mutations in the same gene one of which has never been reported before and co-exists with a known disease causing mutation. Yet, the phenotype of the case closely resembles those published previously.
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PMID:New AP4B1 mutation in an African-American child associated with intellectual disability. 2762 58

The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by degeneration of the corticospinal and spinocerebellar tracts leading to progressive spasticity. One subtype, spastic paraplegia type 47 (SPG47 or HSP-AP4B1), is due to bi-allelic loss-of-function mutations in the AP4B1 gene. AP4B1 is a subunit of the adapter protein complex 4 (AP-4), a heterotetrameric protein complex that regulates the transport of membrane proteins. Since 2011, 11 individuals from six families with AP4B1 mutations have been reported, nine of whom had homozygous mutations and were from consanguineous families. Here we report eight patients with AP4B1-associated SPG47, the majority born to non-consanguineous parents and carrying compound heterozygous mutations. Core clinical features in this cohort and previously published patients include neonatal hypotonia that progresses to spasticity, early onset developmental delay with prominent motor delay and severely impaired or absent speech development, episodes of stereotypic laughter, seizures including frequent febrile seizures, thinning of the corpus callosum, and delayed myelination/white matter loss. Given that some of the features of AP-4 deficiency overlap with those of cerebral palsy, and the discovery of the disorder in non-consanguineous populations, we believe that AP-4 deficiency may be more common than previously appreciated.
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PMID:Clinical and genetic characterization of AP4B1-associated SPG47. 2919 63

Biallelic mutations in the AP4B1 gene, encoding adaptor-related protein complex 4 beta-1 subunit, have been recognized as an important cause of a group of conditions leading to adaptor-related protein complex 4 (AP4)-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG47). We describe a homozygous, known variant c.1160_1161delCA (p.Thr387fs) that was found in the largest ever group of patients coming from four families. The patients exhibited early hypotonia progressing to spastic paraplegia, microcephaly, epilepsy, and central nervous system (CNS) defects and global developmental delay that are consistent with the nature of SPG47. Our findings expand phenotypic spectrum of SPG47 to include polymorphic seizures, mild/moderate intellectual disability, and intracerebral cysts as well as point to founder mutation in AP4 deficiency disorders in apparently non-consanguineous Polish families without shared ancestry.
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PMID:AP4B1-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia: expansion of phenotypic spectrum related to homozygous p.Thr387fs variant. 3216 32