Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Disorders of sleep belong to the most frequent troubles. A lot of different factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of sleep disorders. Modern sleep research has opened important views into the structure of sleep and the pathophysiology of sleep disorders. In a narrower sense sleep disorders mean a deficiency of sleep (hyposomnia). This may concern the induction of sleep or its maintenance. Sleep disorders without underlying disease may be differentiated from those caused by different diseases. Hypersomnia may occur as a symptom of various cerebral dysfunctions and processes, as an episodic disorder (Kleine-Levin-syndrome) or as a part of the Pickwick-syndrome. In narcolepsy characteristic symptoms are sleep attacks, kataplexy (emotionally induced loss of muscle tone) and transient pareses during awakening. Disturbances linked with sleep are snoring, somnambulism, speaking and grinding of the teeth during sleep and nocturnal enuresis. They may constitute idiopathic disorders. On the other hand, there may be similarities between epileptic phenomena and these disorders. Some epilepsies demonstrate relations to the rhythm of sleep and wakefulness which become evident in the manifestation of seizures and epileptiform EEG activity at certain stages of vigilance.
 ...
PMID:[Disorders of the sleep-wakefulness function]. 26 25

The clinical application of prolonged monitoring by the combined EEG and videotape recording of patients was evaluted. This test was found to be useful in diagnosing epileptic seizures in patients in whom both the history and diurnal EEG studies were unhelpful, and it assisted with the accurate classification of seizure types. It enabled seizure focus lateralisation in medically intractable epileptic who were being evaluated for surgery, and it also provided an objective estimate of minor seizure frequency. Prolonged EEG telemetry and videotape recording was especially useful in assessing additional seizures that develop in known epileptics. In some patients with syncope and drop attacks this technique helped to exclude atonic epileptic seizures and intermittent cardiac tachy-brady-arrhythmia as the underlying cause. As a method for identifying sleep disorders it has greater merits than conventional methods of polygraphic recordings.
 ...
PMID:The application of prolonged EEG telemetry and videotape recording to the study of seizures and related disorders. 55 Sep 59

Several non-epileptic disorders may cause episodic and paroxysmal symptoms that resemble epilepsy and they must be considered in the differential diagnosis. Some of these disorders are discussed in the present review: vasovagal, vasomotor and cardiac syncopes, breath holding spells. Among the sleep disorders, parasomnias, nightmares and the benign neonatal sleep myoclonus are mentioned. Migraine with aura, alternating hemiplegia and benign vertigo of childhood are probably related disorders. Benign myoclonus of early infancy, paroxysmal choreoathetoses and pseudoepileptic or hysterical seizures are further non-epileptic attack disorders to be considered in the differential diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:[Differential diagnosis of cerebral seizures]. 150 11

The clinical features of 19 patients with neurological manifestations unexplained by another disease and positive serology for Borrelia burgdorferi were studied. ECM was present in only 11% of the cases and 32% referred tick bite. The characteristic features for suspicion of NB according to our series was the presence of polyneuritis in 84% of the cases specially in the form of multiple mononeuritis and involvement of the facial nerve (79%) leading to even greater suspicion with the association of V pair involvement. Seizures, sleep disorders, and higher mental dysfunction may be found in association with other more characteristic neurological features. The typical triad of NB (aseptic meningitis, facial paralysis and polyradiculoneuritis) was found in 21% of the patients and in the absence of another disease to justify the same neuroborreliosis (NB) seemed evident. In all the cases components of this triad were found. Headache, arthralgia, fever and, less frequently, arthritis are other symptoms often past with the presence of anti-BB antibodies. Patients with the shortest evolution most frequently presented antecedents of facial paralysis, sensory alterations and Romberg's sign than patients of longer evolution. CSF demonstrated the presence of pleocytosis in 24% of the cases and in only one patient a slight increase in the intrathecal activity of IgG was observed which may be of use in differential diagnosis with MS. MR showed alterations in 61% of the patients and, while not specific, the lesions present subcortical predominance.
 ...
PMID:[Positive anti-Borrelia antibodies in patients with clinical manifestations compatible with neuroborreliosis]. 161 Jun

We report the case of a boy whose development was normal until the age of three when regression with loss of speech occurred. Other anomalies included eating and sleep disorders, sterotyped behavior disorders, suggesting infantile psychosis. The electroencephalogram evidenced paroxysmal anomalies, particularly during sleep, with no clinical seizures. The diagnosis of epilepsia-acquired aphasia syndrome (Landau-Kleffner syndrome) was made. The psychotic disorders were not considered as a differential diagnosis but rather as intertwined with the elements of the syndrome. The relationship between acquired aphasia and psychosis are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Epilepsy-acquired aphasia syndrome with psychosis. Report of a case ]. 169 43

The clinical and EEG findings are described of six children considered to have complex partial seizures of frontal lobe origin. The findings correspond generally with those reported for adult patients. Video-recordings of attacks in some cases and ictal cassette EEG recordings provided important diagnostic information. A definite frontal abnormality on neuro-imaging was seen in only one case. The seizures were closely associated with sleep, and anti-epileptic drug treatment was usually of limited value. The considerable diagnostic confusion surrounding seizures of this type, including their misdiagnosis as pseudoseizures or primary sleep disorder, is partly the result of the clinical peculiarities of this type of seizure, but also of clinicians' limited awareness of the condition.
 ...
PMID:Frontal lobe complex partial seizures in children: a form of epilepsy at particular risk of misdiagnosis. 174 28

Sleep is known to facilitate epileptic manifestations but can also protect the sleeper against the recurrence of seizures. This has been demonstrated in studies on sleep deprivation, and is particularly evident in alcoholic epilepsy and matutinal myoclonus epilepsy. Sleep organization in the epileptic patient is permanently altered by frequent awakenings and stage shifts. Nocturnal grand mal and repetitive partial seizures worsen the sleep disorder by reducing total sleep time and decreasing REM percentage by half. The cumulative effect of these sleep disorders may act on day-time vigilance in epileptics, and may even exert an influence on the recurrence of seizures.
 ...
PMID:Sleep organization and epilepsy. 176 99

Sleep disorders are common in our society. It is estimated that there are 50 million people in the United States who suffer to varying degrees from sleep problems. A great deal has been learned about sleep during the past 40 years. Much of this knowledge has been obtained by the use of PSG, which consists of the simultaneous recording of several physiologic parameters from a patient just prior to and during sleep. Much of the technology utilized in PSG are based on individual tests developed many years ago. Current published data permit the conclusion that PSG is useful for the diagnostic evaluation of patients with sleep-related breathing disorders, may be helpful in the evaluation of suspected cases of narcolepsy wherein other findings are inconclusive or contradictory, and may be helpful in cases of parasomnias and/or suspected epilepsy wherein the distinction between seizure activity and other forms of sleep disturbance is uncertain. Current data do not permit a firm conclusion as to the clinical effectiveness of PSG in other symptoms of sleep disturbance such as insomnia. Current, ongoing clinical trials are expected to provide information addressing this point, and several agencies (NINDS, ADAMHA, and NIA) have expressed their intent to encourage the organization of prospective trials to determine the ultimate clinical utility of SDC and PSG techniques. A physician need not be present during PSG in an SDC.
 ...
PMID:Polysomnography and sleep disorder centers. 182 78

In past decades, most individuals with Down syndrome were usually not afforded adequate medical care. Many children with Down syndrome were institutionalized and they were often deprived of all but the most elementary medical services. Fortunately, there have been major improvements in the health care provision during the past 20 years. Professionals who are providing services to persons with Down syndrome need to be aware of those clinical conditions that are more often observed in this population. Certain congenital anomalies (congenital cataracts, anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract, and congenital heart disease) often require immediate attention, as some of them may be life threatening. During the subsequent childhood years a number of clinical conditions and disorders such as infectious diseases, increased nutritional intake, periodontitis, seizure disorders, sleep apnea, visual impairment, audiologic deficits, thyroid dysfunction, and skeletal problems usually occur at a higher prevalence. During adolescence specific aspects of maturation and certain health issues (skin infections, thyroid disorders, increased weight gain, and others) as well as mental health concerns need to be taken into consideration. Similar concerns may also be observed during adulthood which in addition is often marked by accelerated aging and the threat of Alzheimer disease in some persons with Down syndrome. Special attention needs to be paid to these disorders and conditions during the lifetime of a person with Down syndrome. Appropriate medical care should be provided to and no form of treatment should be withheld from a person with Down syndrome that would be given unhesitatingly to an individual without this chromosome disorder.
 ...
PMID:Clinical aspects of Down syndrome from infancy to adulthood. 214 74

During the past century, infrequent, anecdotal reports of sleep-related violence with forensic science implications have appeared. Recent rapid developments in the field of sleep-disorders medicine have resulted in greater understanding of a variety of sleep-related behaviors, and formal sleep-behavior monitoring techniques have permitted their documentation and classification. Sleep-related violence can be associated with a number of diagnosable and treatable sleep disorders, including (1) night terrors/sleepwalking, (2) nocturnal seizures, (3) rapid eye movement (REM) sleep-behavior disorder, (4) sleep drunkenness, and (5) psychogenic dissociative states occurring during the sleep period. Potentially violent automatized behavior, without consciousness, can and does occur during sleep. The violence resulting from these disorders may be misinterpreted as purposeful suicide, assault, or even homicide. Sleep-related violence must be added to the list of automatisms. A classification system of both waking and sleep-related automatic behavior is proposed, with recommendations for assessment of such behavior.
 ...
PMID:Sleep violence--forensic science implications: polygraphic and video documentation. 232 33


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>