Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the short-term behavioral and emotional effects of anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL). Forty-one patients who underwent ATL were administered a standardized measure of emotional adjustment (Mental Health Inventory) on four occasions: preoperatively, and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Patients who were rendered totally seizure-free by ATL showed significant improvements on multiple indices of psychological distress and psychological well-being, improvement that continued up to 3 months after surgery and remained constant at 6 months postoperatively. Patients who were significantly improved (greater than 75% reduction in seizure frequency) but continued to experience some seizure activity showed no significant improvements in behavioral or emotional adjustment. The clinical and theoretical significance of these findings is discussed, and it is suggested that functional outcome (for instance, mental health) following ATL may be best predicted by a binary seizure outcome classification (seizure-free or not seizure-free).
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PMID:Short-term psychological outcome of anterior temporal lobectomy. 276 84

Tiapride, an atypical neuroleptic agent, is a selective dopamine D2-receptor antagonist with little propensity for causing catalepsy and sedation. It shows preferential activity at receptors previously sensitised to dopamine and those located extrastriatally. Tiapride demonstrates antidyskinetic activity reflecting antidopaminergic actions, and also anxiolytic activity mediated by mechanisms that are poorly understood. Unlike the benzodiazepines, tiapride does not affect vigilance and has a low potential for interaction with alcohol (ethanol), and possibly for abuse. Tiapride facilitates management of alcohol withdrawal, but its use in patients at risk of severe reactions in acute withdrawal should be accompanied by adjunct therapy for hallucinosis and seizures. Since it may prove difficult to identify such patients and there is also a small risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (particularly with parenteral administration), the usefulness of tiapride in this setting is likely to be limited. Nevertheless, relative freedom from the complications associated with benzodiazepine therapy suggest a possible role for the drug in the treatment of individuals suitable for alcohol detoxification as outpatients. Preliminary clinical studies in alcoholic patients following detoxification have shown that tiapride ameliorates psychological distress, improves abstinence, and reduces drinking behaviour, and in the short term facilitates reintegration within society. These benefits were associated with reduced consumption of health care resources. However, the potential risk of tardive dyskinesia at the dosage employed (300 mg/day) requires evaluation and necessitates medical supervision. Thus, with its lack of adverse effects on vigilance and low propensity for interaction with alcohol and possibly for abuse, tiapride will probably find particular use in the management of alcoholic patients suitable for detoxification in an outpatient setting; and, if initial findings are confirmed in large well-designed trials, in the short term (< or = 6 months) therapy of reformed alcoholic patients under medical supervision.
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PMID:Tiapride. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic potential in the management of alcohol dependence syndrome. 752 26

This study presents evidence for the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Fear Questionnaire for college undergraduates. Fit indices of the 4- and 5-factor models identified previously were inadequate. Exploratory principal components analysis identified three factors, using data from Sample 1 (n = 208). LISREL confirmatory factor analyses supported generalizability of the three-factor model to Sample 2 (n = 200). Satisfactory reliability coefficients were obtained for the factor-derived subscales. Significant gender differences were obtained on 4 of the 15 items but not on the factor subscales. Finally, we examined the correlations between scores on the scale and on other measures of social anxiety, social desirability, and general psychological distress of the Brief Symptom Inventory. Present results suggest that the Fear Questionnaire is a valuable research instrument for a nonclinical sample.
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PMID:Further psychometric evaluation of the Fear Questionnaire: responses of college students. 811 80

Non-epileptic attack disorder (NEAD) represents a well-recognized clinical problem with a reported incidence among individuals with a diagnosis of intractable epilepsy as high as 36%. A failure to identify this disorder may lead to certain risks for the patient including polypharmacy, anticonvulsant toxicity, hazardous intervention, social and economic demands and a lack of recognition or neglect of any underlying psychological distress. This review provides a description of NEAD in an historic and societal context and discusses the variety of terminology which has been applied to this psychophysiological phenomenon. Epidemiology and associated methodological limitations; and diagnostic and classification issues related to NEAD in comparison to epilepsy are considered. The problems of failure to recognize NEAD in comparison to epilepsy are considered. The problems of failure to recognize NEAD are outlined, and theoretical and empirical aetiological issues are discussed.
Seizure 1999 Feb
PMID:Non-epileptic attack disorder (NEAD): a comprehensive review. 1009 50

Baby-stealing is probably one of the more taboo crimes in our society. Its connection with psychological distress, while generally acknowledged, is not always well understood. In this paper we present an unusual and complex case of a woman who attempted to steal young babies while in a state of extreme psychological distress following epileptic seizures. While the post-epileptic state was characterized as 'psychotic' there were clear psychological antecedents to explain the form in which the postical psychosis was expressed. Treatment strategies included modification of medication regime and use of cognitive therapy to ameliorate the impact of postictal confusion.
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PMID:Attempted child-stealing: post-ictal psychosis and psychological distress. 1033 62

Epilepsy is a chronic condition that has complex effects on social, vocational, and psychological function. Several psychiatric disorders have been shown to have increased prevalence in persons with epilepsy compared to the general population. Depression appears to be the most common psychiatric comorbidity, but anxiety and other diagnoses have not been extensively investigated. Several studies have found that depression or psychological distress may be the strongest predictors of health-related quality of life, even including seizure frequency and severity, employment, or driving status. Despite the high prevalence and adverse effects of comorbid psychiatric disorders in epilepsy, very little is known about optimal treatment strategies, or even the efficacy of standard treatments. Further research is needed to increase understanding of the mechanisms of psychiatric illness in epilepsy, the effects of depression and anxiety on long-term clinical outcomes, and the most effective treatments.
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PMID:Psychiatric comorbidity, health, and function in epilepsy. 1465 25

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (NES) are somatic manifestations of psychological distress. There is some evidence that weight problems are more common in patients with psychiatric illness. We have observed that patients admitted for video-EEG monitoring who we diagnosed with NES commonly have a larger body habitus than patients with epilepsy. The goal of this study was to test our hypothesis that there was a significant difference in body mass index (BMI) in patients with nonepileptic seizures compared with their epileptic counterparts. We compared the BMIs of 46 NES patients and 46 age- and gender-matched epileptic controls and found that the NES patients had significantly higher BMIs (30.5 vs 26.1, P=0.006) than controls. This remained true after controlling for weight-gain properties of antiepileptic drugs. These results are compared with the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the general population. Possible explanations of the findings and limitations of the study are discussed.
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PMID:Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures are associated with an increased risk of obesity. 1475 Dec 12

Angelman Syndrome (AS), characterized by mental retardation, absence of speech, seizures and motor dysfunction, is caused by genetic defects leading to loss of expression of the maternal copy of the chromosome 15q11-13 imprinted region. Most cases are sporadic, being caused by de novo deletion of maternal chromosome 15q11-13 (75%) or by paternal uniparental disomy (3-4%). Familial cases can occur, due to mutations in the UBE3A gene or in the imprinting center. We describe the case of a pregnant woman having two nephews with AS caused by a UBE3A mutation; lack of communication within the family led the woman to be completely unaware of the risk of disease recurrence until 15 weeks of gestation. UBE3A genetic testing revealed she carried the familial mutation 892-893delCT. Prenatal diagnosis was performed on amniotic fluid and demonstrated that the fetus had inherited the mutation. The unexpected diagnosis and the subsequent termination of the pregnancy caused the woman to undergo acute psychological distress showing relevant psychopathological symptoms. Nevertheless, at 2-year follow-up, adverse consequences were minimized, and the couple was planning a new pregnancy. Factors affecting the psychological outcome of abortion and the role of psychological support in reducing the risk of long-term unfavorable consequences are discussed.
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PMID:Psychological consequences of prenatal diagnosis in a case of familial Angelman syndrome. 1700 41

The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, a standardized self-report measure of psychological symptoms, was administered to 42 adults with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Approximately 45% reported high overall psychological distress, most commonly involving interpersonal sensitivity, psychoticism, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Symptoms were related to number of organ systems affected by TSC and, in some cases, to seizure history, but not to genotype, IQ, education, severity of epilepsy, or use of anticonvulsant or psychiatric medication.
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PMID:Psychological profile of adults with tuberous sclerosis complex. 1739 32

The subjective well-being of people with epilepsy has been studied extensively, but only sparingly in Norway. In 2005, members of the Norwegian Epilepsy Association responded to a short version of the Hopkins Symptom Check List ("psychological distress") and to a version of the Self-Anchoring Striving Scale, also termed the Cantril Ladder ("life satisfaction"). In this article, the relationships between responses to the two questionnaires (the two outcome variables) and seizure frequency, medication side effects, comorbidity, and surgery, as well as demographic variables such as age, sex, marital status, occupational status, education, and place of residence, are addressed. The analyses demonstrate clear effects of seizure frequency (P<0.001) and medication side effects (P<0.001) on both outcome variables. People with no comorbidity (no additional diagnoses) reported less psychological distress (P<0.001) and greater satisfaction with life (P<0.05) than those who reported additional diagnoses. The factor having the strongest impact on the psychological well-being of these people was medication side effects.
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PMID:Psychological well-being of people with epilepsy in Norway. 1782 27


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