Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a cross-sectional study of 24 Oriental children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with a mean age of 11.25 years, 75% were found to have clinical and neurophysiological evidence of cerebral lupus. Seizures were the most common manifestation affecting 11 (61%) of the cases, followed by psychosis in five (27.7%), encephalopathy in five (27.7%), headaches in five (27.7%), personality changes in four (22.2%), stroke in three (16.6%), movement disorders in three (16.6%) and myelitis in one child (5.5%). Four children had cerebral lupus as the presenting manifestation of SLE. Twenty-one children had an electroencephalogram (EEG) of which 11 were normal. Abnormalities detected in the rest included focal sharps, slowing of background and electrodecremental changes. There was a poor correlation of EEG with the clinical presentation. Sixteen children with cerebral lupus had a computed tomogram (CT) of which three were normal. The commonest abnormality was cerebral atrophy with or without infarcts. Only four of the cases had lupus anticoagulant but compliment was reduced in 13. Sixteen of the cases also had renal involvement. Treatment was generally with steroids with only two patients receiving cyclophosphamide for cerebral relapse. Eight children (44%) made a full recovery. Learning disability was the most frequent sequelae affecting one-third of children seen at a 1-year follow up. Four (22%) had epilepsy, two (11%) had motor deficits and one child had optic atrophy. One child died of cerebral haemorrhage during a hypertensive crisis.
 ...
PMID:Childhood cerebral lupus in an Oriental population. 1039 44

Benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE) is a partial idiopathic epilepsy of childhood presenting with a nocturnal seizure and with a typical EEG showing centrotemporal spike and multifocal or generalized sharp slow waves. Although normal neurological and intellectual development are expected in BRE, it is not infrequent to detect subtle defects in neuropsychological functions and neuromotor development. This study included 20 cases of BRE diagnosed according to the criteria of ILAE. The patients underwent several tests of neuropsychological functions as well as detailed neurological examination and the results were compared statistically to normal controls. In the patient group, a family history of language delay or learning disability (P < 0.005), presence of consanguinity (P < 0. 05), dyspraxia in the lower extremities (to imitation) (P < 0.05), difficulties in go-no-go test (P < 0.001), as well as some problems related to language such as dysprosody (P = 0.05), minor motor deficits in the left (P < 0.05) and right upper extremity (P < 0.05) were significantly more frequent compared to the control group. One should be rather guarded against the prognosis in BRE with respect to the higher cortical functions and neurodevelopmental problems.
Seizure 1999 Jun
PMID:Benign rolandic epilepsy: neuropsychological findings. 1045 25

Psychological interventions aimed at seizure management are described with a 14-year-old boy with a learning disability and intractable epilepsy. Baseline records suggested that a majority of tonic seizures and 'drop attacks' were associated with going off to sleep and by environmental 'startles'. Psychological formulation implicated sudden changes in arousal levels as an underlying mechanism of action. Cognitive-behavioural countermeasures were employed to alter arousal levels and processes in different ways in different 'at-risk' situations. A multiple baseline design was used to control for non-specific effects of interventions on non-targeted seizures. Results suggested significant declines in the number of sleep onset and startle-response seizures were attained by these methods. Gains were maintained at 2-month follow-up.
Seizure 1999 Sep
PMID:Psychological management of intractable seizures in an adolescent with a learning disability. 1051 79

The paper gives a brief review of human molybdenum metabolism and toxicity and presents the first known case of acute clinical poisoning with molybdenum from the dietary molybdenum (Mo) supplement in a male patient in late thirties. In over 18 days, the patient had consumed a cumulative dose of 13.5 mg Mo (300-800 micrograms Mo/day). Followed the development of acute psychosis with visual and auditory hallucinations, a series of petit mal seizures, and one life threatening grand mal attack. The symptoms remitted several hours after the start of chelation therapy with calcium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (CaEDTA). A battery of neuropsychological tests and Spectral Emission Computer Tomography demonstrated evident frontal cortical damage of the brain. One year after the Mo poisoning, the patient was diagnosed toxic encephalopathy with executive deficiencies, learning disability, major depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The paper strongly advocates issuance of and strict adherence to written warnings on the instruction labels not to mix potentially harmful neurotoxic substances, such as molybdenum, with other nutriceuticals and to instructions stating maximal single and cumulative doses. Molybdenum is a new and unwelcome member of the "metal madness" family.
 ...
PMID:A case report of acute human molybdenum toxicity from a dietary molybdenum supplement--a new member of the "Lucor metallicum" family. 1064 45

There is an extensive literature on epilepsy and violence, but no study has addressed aggression (i.e. apparently intentional violence) in a residential-care population. We performed a retrospective study at the Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (a residential-care facility in rural Buckinghamshire) in order to determine the frequency and character of episodes of aggression. This allowed us to identify a group of aggressive subjects who were compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects drawn from the remaining residents. We found the prevalence of aggression to be 27.2% in 1 year amongst long-term residents. The overall frequency was estimated at between 121 and 207 incidents per 100 persons per year. A few incidents (0.7%) were related to an acute psychosis but they were more likely to result in significant injury. Offenders were younger than non-aggressive residents. Gender, age of onset of epilepsy, history of psychosis, mobility, abnormality on MRI scan, learning disability and seizure frequency were not associated with aggressive conduct.
Seizure 2000 Jan
PMID:Aggressive behaviour at a residential epilepsy centre. 1066 65

The purpose of this report was to evaluate the clinical aspects of neurocysticercosis in children from a Brazilian region. A retrospective study of 25 children with this neuroparasitosis was performed. The diagnosis was based on clinical, cerebrospinal fluid, and neuroimaging findings. The patients were predominantly male (72%), were 1 to 11 years of age (average = 8 years, 6 months), and most resided in urban areas (68%). The more frequent manifestations were epileptic seizures (72%), headache (60%), learning disability (24%), behavioral changes (12%), psychomotor involution (8%), and intracranial hypertension (4%). The neurologic examination was normal in 80% of the patients. Twenty-two children received only symptomatic drugs. Three patients underwent treatment with cysticidal drugs, one with praziquantel and two with albendazole, with complete remission of the signs in one patient (33%) and improvement in two others (67%). Of the 25 patients, 43.4% had remission and 47.8% had improvement. We emphasize the need to consider neurocysticercosis as a differential diagnosis in children coming from endemic areas and presenting with learning disabilities, behavioral changes, and psychomotor involution. The clinical aspects in most of the children from the Botucatu region suggest a spontaneous resolution of neurocysticercosis without the need for cysticidal treatment.
 ...
PMID:Clinical aspects of neurocysticercosis in children. 1078 45

Colpocephaly is an abnormal congenital enlargement of the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles, which has typically been associated with learning disability, seizures, and motor and visual abnormalities. This study describes familial colpocephaly in two siblings with different fathers in a Dominican family. There were no other neurological problems in their relatives. Child 1 is a 7-year-old girl, who has had partial epileptic seizures since 4 years of age. She attends a mainstream school. She has coloboma and chorioretinic atrophy in her right eye and a right microphthalmia. MRI revealed colpocephaly and hypogenesis of the corpus callosum. Her brother, aged 2 years 8 months showed a mild delay in speech acquisition. He has had three febrile convulsions and two non-febrile tonic-clonic seizures since 6 months of age. Neurological and ophthalmological examinations were normal. MRI documented colpocephaly with right occipital horn prevalence. There are only two literature reports of genetically transmitted colpocephaly hypothesised in two identical twins and in two brothers. In the children in this study, a genetic basis for colpocephaly is confirmed. We hypothesised a maternal transmission with X-linked or autosomal dominance with an incomplete penetrance model of inheritance.
 ...
PMID:Colpocephaly in two siblings: further evidence of a genetic transmission. 1079 69

Epilepsy is known to cause higher rates of morbidity and mortality than in the general population. It is estimated that one third of people with a learning disability also have epilepsy, and that their epilepsy is generally more difficult to control. Given these two statements and with the trend to place the majority of people with learning disabilities in small community homes rather than large medical institutions, it follows that there is a need for up-to-date information and education for individuals and carers in a variety of settings to ensure best care and quality of life is achieved. Is there a need for specialist epilepsy nurses to work in this field?
Seizure 2000 Jun
PMID:Do learning disability services need epilepsy specialist nurses? 1088 Feb 93

Sixty-six participants (33 males, 33 females) with microcephaly (MC), age range from 2 to 19 years old, were evaluated. MC was classified pathogenetically into isolated MC (IMC) and multiple MC (MMC) and classified etiologically into primary MC (PMC) and secondary MC (SMC). Both IMC and MMC were further classified. Overall prevalence of epilepsy was 40.9%. Furthermore, there was a significantly higher prevalence of epilepsy in males. Main seizure type was generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Generally, learning disability (LD) was diagnosed in 93.9% and profound LD was evident in 43.9% of participants. There was an inverse correlation between severity of epilepsy and IQ but a positive correlation between severity of epilepsy and degree of LD. Differences in the success rate between monotherapy and polytherapy or response to antiepileptic drugs were not observed. Results suggest that epilepsy may be associated with the lower cognitive ability of the participants with microcephaly. The pathogenetic classification proposed is of value in delineating the prevalence of epilepsy and LD in the different varieties of MC as compared with the etiological classification.
 ...
PMID:Association of epilepsy with different groups of microcephaly. 1110 49

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), an autosomal dominant disease, exhibits extreme clinical variability. This variability greatly increases the burden for affected families and impairs our ability to understand the pathogenesis of NF1. Recognition of heterogeneity within a disease may provide important pathogenic insights, therefore we tested clinical data from three large sets of NF1 patients for evidence that certain common features are more likely to occur in some NF1 patients than in others. Clinical information on 4,402 patients with NF1 was obtained from three independent databases. We examined associations between pairs of clinical features in individual affected probands. We also examined associations between the occurrence of individual features in affected relatives. Associations were summarized as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. We found associations between several pairs of features in affected probands: intertriginous freckling and Lisch nodules, discrete neurofibromas and plexiform neurofibromas, discrete neurofibromas and Lisch nodules, plexiform neurofibromas and scoliosis, learning disability or mental retardation and seizures. We also found associations between the occurrence of Lisch nodules, macrocephaly, short stature, and learning disability or mental retardation as individual features in parents and children with NF1. Our observations suggest that, contrary to established belief, some NF1 patients are more likely than others to develop particular manifestations of the disease. Genetic factors appear to determine the development of particular phenotypic features.
 ...
PMID:Associations of clinical features in neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1). 1110 51


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>