Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-three leukemic children were studied prospectively to detect chronic effects of therapy. All patients received CNS prophylaxis, including 2400 R cranial irradiation, and intermittent maintenance therapy with intravenous methotrexate, cyclophosphamide and cytosine arabinoside. Neurologic symptoms were observed in 12 patients, all of whom had intermittent limping and mild incoordination, between the 10th and 18th month of maintenance therapy. Five of the 12 sustained seizures and four of these had subsequent abnormalities in motor, perceptual, behavioral or language development. Three school-aged children have learning disability and perceptual-motor defects. Studies of CSF folate and MTX content are presented but not helpful in delineating the etiology of these neurologic symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Chronic neurologic disturbance in childhood leukemia. 106 30

We have evaluated 62 fragile X syndrome [fra(X)] individuals (55 males and 7 females) with different degrees of developmental disabilities that were clinically non-progressive and non-focal in character. The mean age for the 55 males was 23.1 years +/- 14.3 SD with a range of 2-70: for the 7 females, the mean age was 15.7 years +/- 3.5 SD with a range of 10-20 years. Mental retardation (MR) was found in 53 males (8/53 [15.1%] mild, 26/53 [49.1%] moderate, 14/53 [26.4%] severe, and 5/53 [9.4%] profound). Learning disabilities were found in 2/55 (3.6%) of males. One of the 7 females had mild and one had moderate MR: the other 5 were learning disabled. Autistic stigmata were present in 10/62 (16%) of the patients. Only 14/62 (23%) had a history of seizures, all of which were controlled with anticonvulsants. In 36/62 cases, an electroencephalogram (EEG) was performed. We compared these data with that of others. Brain stem auditory evoked response (BAER) was performed in 12 cases. Abnormalities were found in only 5/12. Neuroimaging and computerized cranial transaxial tomography (CT scan) were performed on 21/62 (34%) of the patients. Only 8 of these 21 (38%) studies were abnormal. One patient died; neuropathological studies showed mild brain atrophy, with light microscopic and ultrastructural abnormalities. Rapid Golgi dendritic spine patterns showed that the proximal apical segments were abnormally developed. Very thin, long tortuous spines with prominent terminal heads and irregular dilatations were present. Marked reductions in the length of the synapses, as determined on EPTA-postfixed tissue where noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:The Fra(X) syndrome: neurological, electrophysiological, and neuropathological abnormalities. 201 89

Male Wistar rats were subjected to pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus and allowed to recover. After reaching the chronic state with spontaneous seizures they were tested in an 8-arm radial maze. During learning trials, epileptic rats made significantly more errors than controls. Even in the last trials epileptic rats did not improve their performance, indicating severe learning disability. These results suggest that spontaneous seizures after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus are a useful model for studying the learning and memory impairment detected in some cases of symptomatic epilepsy.
 ...
PMID:Learning impairment in chronic epileptic rats following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. 210 Oct 94

We report four cases of unexpected cocaine intoxication in children manifested by the sudden development of seizures. Each patient presented with seizure activity of unknown etiology. Toxicology screens were positive for cocaine and its metabolites. All four had normal head computed tomography scans and have not required long-term use of anticonvulsants. One infant developed a mild learning disability. Cocaine intoxication should be considered in the differential diagnosis of new onset seizure activity in children. Child protection agencies should be consulted in all cases due to a high probability of abuse or neglect.
 ...
PMID:Unexpected cocaine intoxication presenting as seizures in children. 273 98

Seven school-aged children treated for temporal lobe astrocytomas with surgical resection and irradiation were prospectively tested to evaluate their intellectual, academic, personality, and neurologic status after therapy. At their most recent follow-up examination, neuropsychologic functioning was adequate in only two patients. The other five children manifested either intellectual deterioration, learning disability, mental retardation, or psychopathology. These deficits were associated with poor postoperative performance status, inadequate seizure control, tumor recurrence, and younger age at diagnosis. No pattern of intellectual, academic, or personality dysfunction emerged in association with left- versus right-hemisphere tumors.
 ...
PMID:Psychologic and neurologic function following treatment for childhood temporal lobe astrocytoma. 283 Mar 30

This study examines the relationship between learning disability, EEG changes, and events in the life history of the individual child which could cause cortical damage or dysfunction. One hundred children with learning disability were compared with 100 age- and sex-matched normal children identified by random selection. Each child underwent routine EEG studies. Abnormalities were detected in 71 of the learning-disabled group and in 29 of the controls. The incidence of abnormal pregnancy was 31% in children with learning disability and 10% in controls. Neonatal complications occurred in 29 learning-disabled children as opposed to 13 controls. Seventeen learning-disabled children had experienced seizures and 5 had a history of meningitis; comparable figures in the control series were 7 and 2 respectively. Nine learning-disabled children had a history of severe illness as opposed to 3 children in the control series. The results of this study indicate that a significant relationship exists between learning disability and a variety of circumstances associated with insults to the immature brain. These insults may account for the cortical dysfunction suggested by psychometric and EEG studies.
 ...
PMID:Cortical dysfunction as an aetiological factor in learning disability. 648 72

We have reviewed our experience with gangliogliomas treated in the post-computed tomography (CT) era at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Of 234 newly histologically verified neoplasms seen at our institution since 1975, 10 (4.3%) were gangliogliomas of the cerebral hemispheres. The presenting complaint was seizures in 9 of 10 patients, and in 8 the seizures were poorly controlled despite increasing doses of anticonvulsant medication. At the time of diagnosis, only 2 patients had a focal neurological deficit and none had signs or symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. Learning disability and behavioral disturbances were common in this group of children. The CT appearance of these lesions was characteristic: most appeared as a cerebrospinal fluid density area that was located peripherally and often indented the skull. There was little contrast enhancement, and a few were diagnosed initially as arachnoid or porencephalic cysts. Despite the CT appearance, all but 2 of the lesions were found to be solid at operation. In one patient, the lesion appeared as an enhancing lesion of the thalamus, and this patient died. Operation resulted in symptomatic improvement. Eight of 9 children are alive, with a follow-up of 1 to 80 months (median, 19.5 months), and are free of progressive disease. Five are seizure-free while receiving anticonvulsant therapy and an additional 3 have improved seizure control as a result of operation. Two of the 3 children with intellectual difficulties preoperatively have shown improvement on testing after operation, probably the result of improved seizure control. One patient developed a disseminating malignancy and died. It is concluded that worsening seizures in the pediatric age group should warrant CT examination and that ganglioglioma should be included in the differential diagnosis of low density areas on CT.
 ...
PMID:Cerebral gangliogliomas during childhood. 688 90

The quality of life of people with learning disability and epilepsy, in the community, can be improved by regular review and appropriate use of anti-convulsants. This paper reports two successful outcomes using a newer anti-convulsant, lamotrigine.
Seizure 1995 Jun
PMID:A missed diagnosis. A missed opportunity for community integration. 767 Jul 68

Developmental dyscalculia (DC) is a primary cognitive disorder of childhood manifested by disturbance of arithmetic ability. As an isolated learning disability (LD), it is usually treated by remedial education and not referred for further medical evaluation. We examined a group of 7 third-grade children with DC attending a mainstream school who had not progressed academically in spite of specific special education intervention. We were able to identify in all 7 children neurological conditions that had direct bearing on the children's cognitive disabilities and remedial programs. One child had petit mal seizures, another developmental Gerstmann syndrome, a third had dyslexia for numbers, and 4 children had attention deficit disorders without hyperactivity. Based on this experience, we suggest that the indications for medical or neurological assessment be broadened to include children who are not improving academically in spite of appropriate professional intervention.
 ...
PMID:Developmental dyscalculia and medical assessment. 768 63

We studied the prognosis of twenty-five idiopathic status convulsivus (SC) patients. They were neurologically normal before the onset, and had the first episode of idiopathic SC, defined as a seizure with a duration of longer than 30 minutes, febrile in 18 cases and afebrile in 7 cases. We excluded acute encephalitis, encephalopathy and past history of epilepsy in all patients. The age of the first SC ranged from 3 months to five years and 3 months (median; 1 year and 9 months). They were followed successively for a period of 3 years to 15 years and two months (median 8 years and 7 months). The final diagnosis was epilepsy in 7 cases, epilepsy border in 11 cases, and febrile convulsion in 7 cases. One patient showed a remarkable learning disability, but no patients had psychomotor retardation. Antiepileptic drugs were given 24 patients, all of whom were well controlled, including 17 cases with successful withdrawal of these drugs. In our febrile convulsion cases, there was no more than one risk factor for the development of epilepsy (Awaya). The prognosis of febrile SC cases was favorable.
 ...
PMID:[A follow-up study of idiopathic status convulsivus in childhood]. 826 Feb 4


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>