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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Some results of a clinico-physiological analysis of epileptic patients with a different diurnal distribution of generalized convulsive seizures in the sleep-vigilance cycle are reported. It is demonstrated that in vigilant epilepsy there is an intensification of L-rhythms in the EEG recordings in the different functional states of vigilance, combined with a prevalence of delta-sleep in the sleep structure. In sleep epilepsy there is a predominance of the 2nd sleep stage in the sleep structure, besides an EEG desynchronization in the state of vigilance. These results indicate some differences in the activity of nonspecific (synchronizing and desynchronizing) structures in epilepsy with a different diurnal distribution of generilized convulsive seizures.
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PMID:[Clinico-electroencephalographic analysis of wakeful epilepsy and sleep epilepsy]. 11 10

We describe a model of 'sleep epilepsy' after amygdala kindling in kittens. Seizure activity was evaluated at different times in the sleep-wake cycle. Susceptibility was documented by thresholds for evoked convulsions in kittens without spontaneous seizures (n = 5) and by polygraphic or split-screen video recordings in kittens with spontaneous seizures (n = 6). There were 3 main findings: (1) subconvulsive seizures occurred randomly in waking and slow-wave-sleep (SWS); (2) convulsive seizure activity peaked during SWS, especially during the transition from SWS into rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep; (3) generalized seizure activity was suppressed during stable REM sleep. Seizure patterns thus resemble clinical data designating convulsive temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) the prototypic pure sleep epilepsy, whereas complex-partial TLE can occur at any time. Prominent secondary TLE generalization during the REM transition suggested involvement of brainstem regions which generate REM onset and innervate the temporal lobe. Adrenergic cells of the locus ceruleus discharge at progressively reduced rates during the transition into REM. Decreased norepinephrine release at this time might disinhibit epileptic neurons in the kindled focus, thus encouraging seizure propagation during the REM transition.
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PMID:Spontaneous sleep epilepsy in amygdala-kindled kittens: a preliminary report. 229 22

A review of patients with epilepsy showed that 5.9% had seizures exclusively in sleep (ES) and 4.7% had seizures predominantly but not exclusively in sleep (PS). These groups were compared with a group (W) with seizures mainly in wakefulness. The following significant differences were obtained: 1) generalized convulsions predominated in the ES while partial seizures were more common among PS and W patients, 2) seizures occurred less frequently in the ES group, and 3) more W patients had EEGs with generalized epileptiform activity and positive family histories for epilepsy. We suggest the lower frequency of seizures in the ES group and the declining prevalence of sleep epilepsy are due to: 1) the high proportion of generalized as opposed to partial seizures in sleep and 2) more effective control of generalized seizures compared to partial seizures by modern anti-epileptic drug management.
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PMID:Differential aspects of sleep epilepsy. 408 68

114 electroencephalographic and 49 clinical criteria of 1010 patients, including 64 healthy volunteers, were evaluated by means of a computer. In 549 patients with epileptic seizures spike wave (sw) paroxysms were seen in 13.3%. Following a 24-hour period of sleep deprivation sw paroxysms were present in 24.2% cases which represents an increase of 82.0%. The number of cases with focal discharges increased in this group from 21.3% initially to 27.5% after sleep deprivation, representing an increase of only 29.1%. The percentage increase in sw paroxysms and focal discharges following sleep deprivation was approximately as marked also in patients without epileptic seizures, so that sleep deprivation was found to be equally useful in patients with non-epileptic cerebral disorders. The rate of activation is higher in children and juveniles than in adults. Similarly, it is higher in patients with awaking epilepsy than in patients with sleep epilepsy. The influence of sleep deprivation and that of sleep, respectively, upon the provocation of EEG changes was not sharply differentiated. By counting sw paroxysms in the EEG before sleep deprivation, in the waking EEG following sleep deprivation, as well as in the subsequent sleeping EEG further evidence was obtained, however, supporting the suggestion that special significance may be attributed to sleep deprivation as a provocation method. If the activation of sw paroxysms and focal changes is related to sleep and sleep stages it can be shown that their frequency decreases from stage 1 to stage 4. In particular, the short fluctuations in vigilance, the waking reactions frequently occurring under routine laboratory conditions and the transitions between sleep stages were seen to assume trigger functions.
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PMID:[The value of EEG after sleep deprivation for the diagnosis of epileptic seizures, epilepsy and other cerebral disorders]. 682 Feb 22

A multi-institutional study on the prognosis of patients with epilepsy was performed in Japan from 1975 to 1977, including 20 institutions. The outcome of epileptic seizures and social adjustment 10, 5, and 3 years after the onset of the illness was studied in three different groups of epileptic patients, respectively. The number of successfully followed-up cases was 1,868 in total, follow-up rate being 42%. The data were analyzed statistically by use of analysis of variance. The rate of remission of seizures in all was 58.3% and the rate of normal social adjustment 62.6%. The remission rate showed no significant difference among the 10-, 5-, and 3-year outcome groups. The study on the outcome of seizure control indicated that the prognosis of seizure control is more favorable (a) in idiopathic than in residual or symptomatic epileptics; (b) in patients with onset before 10 years of age than in those with onset after 10 years; (c) in patients with less frequent seizures; (d) in sleep epilepsy than in waking and diffuse epilepsies; (e) in patients who started treatment within 1 year of onset of seizure; (f) in patients with single-type partial seizures than in those with partial seizures combined with tonic-clonic seizures; (g) in patients without high grade EEG background abnormality; and (h) in patients without neurological symptoms, intellectual deficits, personality disturbances, or psychotic symptoms. Factors that determine the prognosis of social adjustment were almost similar to those for remission of seizures. There was a close correlation between the outcome of seizure control and that of social adjustment. Correlation coefficient between follow-up rate and remission rate in 15 of the 20 collaborated institutions was 0.55 (p less than 0.05), showing a tendency that the remission rate becomes higher as the follow-up rate is raised.
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PMID:Natural history and prognosis of epilepsy: report of a multi-institutional study in Japan. The group for the study of prognosis of epilepsy in Japan. 747 99

Prognosis of 175 psychoneurologically normal children with the onset of epilepsy after 18 months of age were studied. The remission rate of partial epilepsy (81 of 107 cases, 76%) was higher than that of generalized epilepsy (34 of 56 cases, 61%). Prognoses for patients with sleep epilepsy (52 of 62 cases, 84%) were better than those for patients with waking epilepsy (63 of 101 cases, 62%). Most (95%) of the children with sleep epilepsy had partial epilepsy, including benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spike (BECT, 36 cases) and partial epilepsy other than BECT (23 cases). Benign courses were not limited to BECT patients. Generalized waking epilepsy other than absence had the lowest remission rate. Eleven children exhibited mild mental retardation on last examination. Most of them had atypical absence and/or myoclonic seizures with the onset of seizure before 3 years of age. It appeared important to classify the epileptic children with regard to time of seizure occurrence as well as seizure type to determine their prognoses.
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PMID:[Prognosis of epilepsy in psychoneurologically normal children]. 841 97