Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An intraindividual double-blind cross-over comparison for the anterograde effect on memory of unilateral non-dominant frontofrontal (FF) and temporo-parietal (TP) ECT was performed in connection with the second and third treatment of an ECT-series, the electrode placement being alternated at random. Treatment technique was standardized and seizure duration was measured by means of EEG. Memory functions were tested after treatments by means of four memory tests: the 30 Word-Pair Test, the 30 Figure Test, the 30 Geometrical Figure Test and the 30 Face Test. Three operationally defined memory variables, immediate memory (IMS, 3 hours after ECT), delayed memory (DMS, 3 hours after IMS), and their difference, forgetting, were scored. No differences were found in the mean time of electrical stimulation, in the amount of methohexital and suxamethonium chloride, and in seizure duration between the two treatment groups. No statistically significant differences in any of the memory tests were found. The FF electrode position did not show any advantage compared with the routine TP electrode placement.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of fronto-frontal and temporo-parietal unilateral ECT. 33 77

Naive and pretrained rats were trained in two active avoidance paradigms using a pole-climbing box and in a single-trial passive avoidance task using a T-maze. They were then subjected to amnestic treatments with electroshock, leptazol, pentobarbitone, or ether anesthesia. Single retention tests were given at 20-24, 44-48, or 68-96 h posttreatment. Electroshock and leptazol seizures produced retrograde amnesia in all three paradigms, provided that seizures were maximal and retention was tested before 48 h. Prior treatment with anticonvulsant drugs prevented amnesia. Ether and pentobarbitone anesthesia failed to produce amnesia in all three tasks. A trend of recovery from amnesia was observed in the electroshock and leptazol groups when tested for retention 48-96 h posttreatment. On the other hand, the non-amnesic control, pentobarbitone, and ether groups showed signs of forgetting at these longer intervals. Consolidation failure and/or retrieval block was surmised to be the cause of amnesia; recovery was the possible result of removing the block.
 ...
PMID:Comparative study of retrograde amnesia in rats on active and passive avoidance tasks and spontaneous recovery of memory. 40 59

An intraindividual, double blind cross-over comparison of the retrograde effect on memory of unilateral non-dominant fronto-frontal (FF) and temporo-parietal (TP) ECT was performed in connection with the second and third treatments of ECT-series. Treatment technique was standardized and seizure duration was measured by means of EEG. Memory functions were examined 1 hour before and 2 hours after ECT with four tests. The influence on forgetting over this time was taken as a measure of the memory disturbance. There were no differences between FF and TP ECT as regards the amount of methohexital and suxamethonium chloride, mean time of stimulation and seizure duration. The influence of forgetting was similar in all memory tests. The result is in agreement with a previous anterograde study. It is concluded that no essential gain in terms of reduced memory disturbance can be obtained by substituting the routine non-dominant temporo-parietal with fronto-frontal electrode positions.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of fronto-frontal and temporo-parietal unilateral non-dominant ECT. A retrograde memory study. 359 25

Compliance with anticonvulsant therapy was assessed in 95 epileptic subjects with uncontrolled seizures. Following a seizure for which an ambulance was called, patients were interviewed and questioned on their medication taking. Compliance was also determined from measurement of anticonvulsant concentrations in saliva, and from intervals between collection of drugs from pharmacy. Compliance failure was found to be instrumental in precipitating 29 (31%) of seizures for which the ambulance was called. At the time of interview, 35 (37%) subjects were not taking their medication regularly in accordance with prescribing instructions. In addition to forgetting medication, many subjects deliberately stopped or changed doses of drugs. Other causes of non-compliance which were indentified included patient misunderstanding of prescribing instructions. Compliance with therapy was positively related to perceived benefit from anticonvulsant therapy.
 ...
PMID:Non-compliance with anticonvulsant therapy as a cause of seizures. 385 72

Twenty-nine patients given unilateral ECT were tested for memory with each treatment. Forgetting of nonverbal material correlated positively with seizure duration and with anesthetic dose. Seizure duration did not correlate with forgetting of verbal material or with changes in Hamilton depression ratings. Seizure duration was inversely related to succinylcholine and methohexital doses. These findings suggest that muscle relaxant and anesthetic doses can be adjusted to lessen the amnestic effects of ECT. There are, however, insufficient data on the relationship between seizure length and ECT efficacy to specify a minimum duration for seizures, individually or cumulatively.
 ...
PMID:Factors affecting amnesia, seizure duration, and efficacy in ECT. 400 87

An intraindividual, double-blind crossover comparison of the retrograde effect on memory of unilateral nondominant fronto-frontal and temporo-parietal ECT was performed in connection with the second and third treatments of an ECT series. Treatment technique was standardized and seizure duration was measured by means of EEG. Memory functions were examined 1 hr before and 2 hr after ECT. Three operationally defined memory variables: immediate memory, delayed memory, and their difference, forgetting, were scored. There were no differences between fronto-frontal and temporo-parietal ECT in regard to the amount of methohexital and suxamethonium chloride employed, the mean time of electrical stimulation, and the seizure duration. There were significantly higher delayed memory and lower forgetting scores after fronto-frontal electrode placement.
 ...
PMID:The effect of fronto-frontal and temporo-parietal unilateral ECT on retrograde memory. 722 76

The association between epilepsy and amnesia is studied in patient J.T. who presented with a very unusual pattern of memory loss with retention of information for hours to days but rapid forgetting of information that exceeded this time frame. J.T.'s unusual memory profile was studied with several tests administered over week-long intervals of time. There was evidence that his retention decreased in conjunction with increased seizures. During a trial of paraldehyde, a decrease in seizure frequency was associated with enhanced memory. J.T.'s memory problem was unlike that described in prototypical cases of amnesia. His day-long retention of new information alongside his absolute loss of that information days later is consistent with the idea that consolidation is a process that occurs over lengthy periods of time.
 ...
PMID:Accelerated forgetting in association with temporal lobe epilepsy and paraneoplastic encephalitis. 933 3

Although mesial temporal lobe brain damage is frequently associated with memory loss, it is unclear whether the deficit results entirely from a disruption in the processing of relevant information or whether it also reflects interference from irrelevant information. Directed forgetting is one procedure that can be used, along with standard tests of memory, to investigate this distinction. Seventeen patients with a diagnosis of complex-partial seizures of temporal lobe origin and 17 healthy volunteers were compared on lexical decision, free recall, and recognition tests in a directed-forgetting paradigm. These tests created a memory profile to measure the influence of task relevant and irrelevant information in implicit and explicit memory. Compared with healthy volunteers, the patients were significantly impaired on the memory tasks overall [F(5,25) = 5.01, p < .01]. Specifically, directed forgetting in lexical decision and recognition both discriminated between the groups [stepdown F(1,26) = 6.84, eta 2 = .26, p < .05 and stepdown F(1,25) = 5.36, eta 2 = .13, p < .05, respectively]. The results suggest that interictal memory performance in temporal lobe epilepsy may be disrupted in part because of a deficit in the differential processing of task relevant and task irrelevant information, particularly at retrieval.
 ...
PMID:Directed forgetting deficits in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: an information processing perspective. 1056 36

In order to examine the significance of blood pressure elevation during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for posttreatment cognitive impairment, routine treatments were compared with treatments where the blood pressure elevation was attenuated by administration of trimethaphan (Arfonad). As a reliable, valid, and sensitive measure of cognitive impairment, the forgetting score in four memory tests was used. Both retrograde and anterograde amnesic effects were examined. In spite of a substantial attenuation of the blood pressure response, there was no decrease of the amnesic effects. It is concluded that low-pressure narcosis is not successful in alleviating memory disturbance after ECT. There is no support to the concept that the blood pressure elevation is relevant to the memory disturbance. Since there was a tendency toward decreased seizure duration, low pressure narcosis may be inappropriate because it counteracts a physiological compensatory mechanism to meet the increased metabolic demands during the seizure.
 ...
PMID:Memory Disturbance After ECT in Low-Pressure Narcosis: A Study of Anterograde and Retrograde Amnesia. 1194 Sep 14

The majority of patients with epilepsy become seizure-free with antiepileptic drug therapy. However, seizures in approximately one-third of patients with epilepsy are difficult to treat with antiepileptic drugs and require high doses or polytherapy. High dosages increase the risk of cognitive side effects. We retrospectively investigated 162 patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy to determine whether the antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and phenytoin affect the acquisition and retention of verbal and visual information. We found that patients with high serum levels of these antiepileptic drugs were selectively impaired in the retention but not acquisition of new information. Intelligence, age, duration of epilepsy, and seizure frequency were controlled for and were not factors in the observed results. There were no differences in favor of a certain drug with respect to memory functioning. Our results suggest that patients with refractory epilepsy with high serum levels of the antiepileptic drugs studied are at higher risk of accelerated forgetting.
 ...
PMID:Do antiepileptic drugs accelerate forgetting? 1582 Mar 54


1 2 3 4 Next >>