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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although not a major public health problem, food-borne parasitic zoonoses in the United States are the cause of numerous diseases that occur widely in the population. The most common food-borne parasitic diseases in the United States are trichinosis, toxoplasmosis, taeniasis/cysticercosis, diphyllobothriasis, and anisakiasis. Since 1947, when the US Public Health Service began to record statistics on trichinosis cases in humans, the numbers of reported cases in the United States have declined markedly, from an average of about 400 with 10-15 deaths reported each year in the late 1940s, to an average of 57 per year with three deaths overall in the 5 years 1982-1986. Each year throughout the world, Toxoplasma gondii infects millions of persons, who contract it either by eating raw or poorly cooked meat from infected animals such as hogs or sheep or by ingesting soil contaminated with cat feces. In the United States between 400 and 10,000 infants are born each year with congenital toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmic encephalitis, marked by dementia and seizures, has become the most commonly recognized cause of central nervous system opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. Intestinal taeniid tapeworm infection acquired in the United States is almost entirely caused by Taenia saginata, the beef tapeworm. Neurocysticercosis, caused by larvae of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium, is diagnosed in hundreds of persons in the United States every year. Nearly all patients are immigrants or travelers from Mexico and other disease-endemic areas. Diphyllobothriasis and anisakiasis both have increased in recent years in association with increasing popularity of raw fish dishes. Adequate prevention and control of food-borne parasitic zoonoses require continued and improved programs to educate consumers, producers and medical practitioners.
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PMID:Current status of food-borne parasitic zoonoses in the United States. 182 40

The clinical and laboratory findings from studies of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) from northern Nevada are summarized. Physicians caring for these patients have estimated that greater than 400 patients with CFS from northern Nevada and nearby communities in California were identified between 1984 and 1988. As a result of these studies, a cluster of clinical and laboratory features associated with the illness in moderately to severely affected patients has been identified: profound fatigue of prolonged duration; cervical lymphadenopathy; recurrent sore throat and/or symptoms of influenza; loss of cognitive function manifested by loss of memory and loss of ability to concentrate; myalgia; impairment of fine motor skills; abnormal findings on magnetic resonance imaging brain scan; depressed level of antibody to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen; elevated level of antibody to EBV early antigen restricted component; elevated ratio of CD4 helper to CD8 suppressor cells; and strong evidence of association of this syndrome with infection with human herpesvirus 6. More-serious and longer-lasting neurologic impairments, including seizures, psychosis, and dementia, have also been observed in some of these patients.
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PMID:Chronic fatigue syndrome in northern Nevada. 185 May 42

Using [18F]dopa, [11C]raclopride, C15O2, and positron emission tomography, we have assessed striatal dopamine storage capacity, dopamine D2-receptor integrity, and regional cerebral blood flow, respectively, of 6 patients with neuroacanthocytosis. The patients with neurocanthocytosis all had chorea and variable combinations of seizures, dementia, axonal neuropathy, and orolingual self-multiation. [18F]dopa positron emmission tomographic findings were compared with 30 normal controls and 16 patients with sporadic, L-dopa-responsive, Parkinson's disease. Caudate and anterior putamen [18F]dopa uptake were normal in patients with neuroacanthocytosis, but mean posterior putamen [18F]dopa uptake was reduced to 42% of normal, similar to that in patients with Parkinson's disease. In patients with neuroacanthocytosis, mean equilibrium caudate: cerebellum and putamen: cerebellum [11C]raclopride uptake ratios were reduced to 54% and 62% of normal, compatible with a 65% and 53% loss of caudate and putamen D2-receptor-binding sites, respectively. Striatal and frontal blood flow was also depressed. The severe loss of D2-receptor-bearing striatal neuron, with concomitant loss of dopaminergic projections from the nigra to the posterior putamen, is consistent with both chorea and extrapyramidal rigidity being features of patients with neuroacanthocytosis.
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PMID:Presynaptic and postsynaptic striatal dopaminergic function in neuroacanthocytosis: a positron emission tomographic study. 189 9

Acute episodes of focal neurological dysfunction are a well-recognized complication of the mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Because of rapid remission, biochemical tests and other diagnostic procedures are mostly performed after the acute phase. We report the case of a patient suffering from mitochondrial disease manifesting primarily with seizures, progressive deafness and dementia, who experienced multiple stroke-like episodes. Other members of the family with evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction are presented briefly. EEG and biochemical findings in the acute stage are correlated with clinical symptoms, showing characteristics distinct from the chronic illness. The possible involvement of dietary factors in the provocation of stroke-like episodes is discussed and regulation of glucose intake suggested as a strategy in the prevention of stroke-like episodes.
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PMID:Stroke-like episodes in familial mitochondrial encephalomyopathy: clinical and biochemical aspects. 190 33

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare hereditary disease characterized by xanthomata of tendons, osteoporosis, cataracts, cerebellar ataxia, spastic paresis, and dementia. Though electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities are frequent in CTX, epileptic seizures have not been recognized as a major feature. A CTX patient is reported who presented with a generalized epileptic seizure and was evaluated with EEG and neuropsychological testing. Epilepsy should be considered a feature of CTX, and CTX considered as a possible, though rare, cause of symptomatic seizures.
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PMID:Epileptic seizure as a presenting symptom of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. 191 72

This is a comprehensive review of the late-occurring effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI). It appears that TBI increases the risk over basal rates for the general population, to this degree: for depression, by a factor of five or 10; for seizures, by two to five; for psychotic disorders, by the same factor; and for dementia, by four or five. Severe TBI, or injuries with special characteristics, may increase the risk of delayed sequelae even further. One is not able, at this point, to estimate the relative occurrence of a newly described entity--delayed amnesia. An initial TBI increases the risk for subsequent TBI, by a factor of two. A second TBI increases the risk of yet another TBI eightfold.
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PMID:The delayed neurobehavioural sequelae of traumatic brain injury. 193 73

Rett's syndrome(RS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by exclusive occurrence in females, autistic behavior, dementia, gait ataxia, loss of purposeful use of the hands with stereotypic hand movement, and seizures. Initially RS was considered to be very rare; however, recent reports suggest that the prevalence is considerably higher and occurrence is world-wide. Because the pathophysiological process remains unknown, the diagnosis of RS is based mainly on its characteristic clinical features and course. We experienced two cases of RS which, to our knowledge, are the first reported in Korea. It is quite possible that many patients with RS not yet being diagnosed in Korea.
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PMID:RETT's syndrome in Korea--report of two cases. 194 20

On the basis of two case reports, the differential diagnostic difficulties between pseudodementia conditioned by depression and genuine dementia are discussed and the particular conditions present in connection with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with reduced seizure thresholds. Differentiation between genuine and dementia conditioned by depression must be made mainly on the basis of the clinical picture, particularly the temporal course of the condition. Every condition of dementia involves the possibility of an underlying depression and antidepressive treatment should be offered on wide indications. In this connection, ECT treatment may be the most effective and mildest form of therapy. Epilepsy does not counterindicate ECT treatment which, on the other hand, has an anticonvulsive effect. Occurrence of spontaneous seizures in connection with ECT treatment does not necessarily indicate withdrawal of treatment which may be continued provided certain prerequisites are observed.
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PMID:[Spontaneous seizures improve severe dementia conditions. Dementia contra depression-induced pseudodementia and electric stimulation therapy of depressed patients with epilepsy]. 195 63

A 22-year-old female with progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) considered to be due to hereditary dentato-rubro-pallido-luysian atrophy (DRPLA) was reported. Some of her family members showed progressive myoclonus, seizures, dementia, ataxia and choreoathetosis, with variation of onset from childhood to adult life, which suggested that they had been suffering from DRPLA. CT scan and MRI studies, including some on family members, revealed cerebral and cerebellar atrophy accompanied by dilatation of the fourth ventricle, compatible with the findings in DRPLA reported previously. We emphasize that a detailed family history may be essential in dealing with a PME patient and that DRPLA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the PME syndrome with onset in childhood, in Japan.
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PMID:Progressive myoclonus epilepsy: dentato-rubro-pallido-luysian atrophy (DRPLA) in childhood. 195 76

A 32 year-old diabetic woman presented with an acute coma followed by epileptic seizures, aphasia and constructive apraxia. No ischemic lesion was demonstrated by CT scan and carotid angiograms. The other investigations showed sensorineural hearing loss, retinal degeneration, calcifications of the basal ganglia and lactic acidosis. The follow-up was marked by pseudo-dementia with personality disorders, memory deficits, behavioural changes, migrainous and epileptic features. Although there was no sign of muscular deficiency, a muscular biopsy showed characteristic ragged-red fibers and mitochondrial abnormalities at electron microscopy. The muscular biopsy enables us to classify this case as a mitochondrial encephalopathy similar to the MELAS syndrome. The stroke-like episodes are probably caused by a specific angiopathy involving the mitochondria of brain vessels.
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PMID:[Mitochondrial encephalopathy affecting only the central nervous system]. 196 61


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