Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We performed a one-year prospective survey of emergency medical responses to travelers at an international airport to observe the frequency and type of emergencies experienced in flight and before and after travel. Emergency personnel evaluated a total of 1107 people; 754 (68%) were travelers, 232 (21%) were employees of the airport or airlines, and 118 (11%) were area residents. Of the 754 travelers, 190 (25%) experienced their problem during flight; the aircraft made an unscheduled landing for seven of these travelers. The frequency of in-flight emergencies was 1 per 753 inbound flights, or 1 per 39,600 inbound passengers. The most common emergency problems among all travelers were abdominal pain, chest pain, shortness of breath, syncope, and seizures; 25% of the emergencies were caused by minor trauma. The majority of emergencies among air travelers (75% [564/754]) happened on the ground within the air terminal. Most problems (84% [633/754]) were effectively handled by personnel trained as emergency medical technicians. The types of problems encountered suggest that the "doctors only" medical kit now required aboard US air carriers contains clinically useful items and should continue to be required on board.
 ...
PMID:Frequency and types of medical emergencies among commercial air travelers. 229 87

Taking into consideration the significance of glutamate receptors in epileptic focus forming, the authors studied the level of autoantibodies (Glu aAB) to fragment of glutamate receptors, quisqualate membrane protein with molecular mass 56 kDa in blood serum. The study employed the diagnostic kit "Paroxysmal activity test" (PAT) elaborated in Institute of Human Brain, RAS (St-Petersburg), 140 children from 2 months to 16 years with epilepsy, epileptic syndrome, paroxysmal states of nonepileptic genesis and with other neurologic diseases as well as 32 practically healthy children were examined. Significant increase of Glu aAB level was found in children with epilepsy and epileptic syndrome as compared with healthy children. Glu aAB level was decreased in patients which were treated by adequate anticonvulsant therapy that resulted in relief of convulsive fits for 6 months and normalization of EEG. In patients with paroxysmal disorders Glu aAB content was lower than in patients with epilepsy and epileptic syndrome, but higher than in healthy children; 5 children from this group with high level of Glu aAB had seizures in aged. It was proposed to introduce the described method into clinic for the study of the processes of brain's epileptization in process of development of diseases of nervous system, accompanied by convulsions or paroxysmal states.
 ...
PMID:[Paroxysmal activity test in pediatric neurology]. 950 2

To investigate the relationships between carbamazepine (CBZ) concentrations in serum and the brain, and the anticonvulsive efficacy in kainic acid (KA) induced seizures in rats, adult Wistar rats (n=25) were intraperitoneally given 40 mg/kg CBZ, followed by 15 mg/kg KA (n=20) or saline (control, n=5). At 90 min after the injection, CBZ concentrations in 5 rats without seizures (CBZ effective group), 5 rats with seizures (CBZ no-effective group) and five control rats were measured. Serum and brain tissues from six areas (cortex, brain stem, cerebellum, thalamus, hippocampus and striatum) were used for CBZ assay. CBZ was measured using a EMIT immunoassay kit. In blood, CBZ was higher in rats treated with CBZ+KA than in a control group (CBZ+saline). In the brain, the effective group demonstrated significantly high CBZ concentration in the hippocampus. KA appeared to raise serum CBZ level when it was given in combination with CBZ. This was probably caused by the accelerated absorption of CBZ from local site as the results of an increased metabolic rate and the more demands for blood supply after KA treatment. The positive correlation between efficacy of CBZ and the concentration in the hippocampus suggests that CBZ levels in the hippocampus is closely correlated with the efficacy of CBZ against KA induced seizures.
 ...
PMID:Brain distribution and efficacy of carbamazepine in kainic acid induced seizure in rats. 1081 96

To investigate pathophysiologies of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection from an immunological point of view, we measured the levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) (originally designated gamma interferon [IFN-gamma]-inducing factor) in 19 serum samples from 10 patients with pneumonia without pleural effusion (ages 1 to 16 years), 3 serum and 13 pleural fluid samples from 11 patients with pleural effusions (ages 11 months to 15 years), and 18 serum and 27 cerebrospinal fluid samples from 24 patients with central nervous system complications (ages 1 to 15 years). IL-18 was measured by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (MBL, Nagoya, Japan). In addition, the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-12, and KL-6 (a mucin-like glycoprotein expressed on type 2 pneumocytes) were measured in selected samples. The results concerning pleural effusions showed that elevated levels of IL-18 in pleural fluid, but not in serum, were solely associated with a sustained fibrotic change of the lung on chest roentgenography which might represent a pathological feature of intraluminal organization. All the pleural fluid samples with elevated levels of IL-18 were positive by PCR for M. pneumoniae DNA. There was no association between IL-18 and IFN-gamma levels in serum or in the pleural fluid. On the other hand, elevated levels of IL-18 in serum, but not in cerebrospinal fluid samples, were observed in the cases complicated by central nervous system involvement, including profound brain dysfunction with seizures. Our study demonstrated that M. pneumoniae can induce IL-18 and that the enhanced local production of IL-18 in the lung is closely associated with pulmonary disease manifestation.
 ...
PMID:Close association between pulmonary disease manifestation in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and enhanced local production of interleukin-18 in the lung, independent of gamma interferon. 1106 97

The aim of this study was to examine whether the clinical features of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome are associated with anti-cardiolipin and anti-beta2 glycoprotein I antibodies in Indian patients with SLE. Seventy-six patients (71 females), who fulfilled 1982 ACR criteria for SLE, were prospectively studied for the clinical features of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS), and their sera were analysed for the presence of IgG/IgM/IgA anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL) by an in-house ELISA and, in 65 of them, for the presence of IgG anti-beta2 glycoprotein I antibodies (anti-beta2 GPI) by a commercial kit. Thirty-nine (51%) patients were positive for aCL, all of which were positive for IgG aCL, either alone (79.6%) or along with IgM and/or IgA. Twenty-seven (69.3%) out of 39 aCL-positive and seven (26.9%) out of 26 aCL-negative sera were positive for IgG antibodies to beta2 GPI. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.66, P < 0.05) between the levels of aCL and anti-beta2 GPI antibodies. Forty-one patients had features of definite or suggestive APS. Thrombocytopenia, recurrent pregnancy loss and CNS manifestations (seizures eight, infarct one) were seen in 20, 13 and nine patients, respectively. Thrombosis of the peripheral vessels was seen in only one patient. Only the presence of seizures was significantly associated with the presence of aCL and anti-beta2 GPI antibodies (P < 0.05). The characteristic association of definite APS (recurrent pregnancy loss and arterial/venous thrombosis) was lacking.
 ...
PMID:Anti-cardiolipin and anti-beta2 glycoprotein I antibodies in Indian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: association with the presence of seizures. 1124 9

A rapid, accurate, precise, reproducible, economical, and environmentally gentle method using capillary electrophoresis (CE) is presented for the routine analysis of methamphetamine, amphetamine, MDA, MDMA, MDEA, and cocaine in seized drugs. The methodology uses a 32 cm by 50 microm capillary (length to detector 23.5 cm) with a commercially available buffer kit and diode array UV detection. Dynamic coating of the capillary surface is accomplished by flushing with base for 1 min, a proprietary polycation for 1 min, and then a proprietary polyanion for 2 min. This approach provides a relatively high and stable electroosmotic flow (EOF), even at low pHs. The background electrolyte (BGE) contains 75 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) with the same polyanion as above. Using this methodology, amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDA, MDMA, MDEA, and an internal standard (n-butylamphetamine) are baseline resolved in less than 5 min. The run-to-run migration time %RSDs and peak area %RSDs are typically <0.3% and <2.1%, respectively. The day-to-day and capillary-to-capillary migration time %RSDs are <1.5% and <2.1%, respectively. The %RSDs of the relative migration times compared with the internal standard on a day-to-day and capillary-to-capillary basis are <0.2% and <0.06%, respectively. The linear dynamic range using peak areas range from 0.003 to 0.10 mg/mL. The correlation coefficients are >0.9998, with all calibration curves passing at or near the origin. Similar data are obtained for cocaine and its internal standard henyltoloxamine. None of the compounds usually encountered in illicit samples interfere with the target compound (e.g., methamphetamine and cocaine) or the internal standard. Quantitative results for synthetic mixtures and seized exhibits are in good agreement with actual values, and also with results obtained from other techniques. The relatively high EOF for the dynamically coated capillary system allows for the screening of basic, acidic, and neutral adulterants in drug seizures; identification is facilitated by the use of automated UV library searches.
 ...
PMID:Use of dynamically coated capillaries for the routine analysis of methamphetamine, amphetamine, MDA, MDMA, MDEA, and cocaine using capillary electrophoresis. 1156 40

The progressive encephalopathy with edema, hypsarrhythmia, and optic atrophy (PEHO) syndrome is a pediatric disorder of unknown origin, characterized by a combination of postnatally progressive encephalopathy, hypsarrhythmia, and optic atrophy. The pathological findings are early progressive atrophy of the cerebellum, brainstem, and optic nerves. Nitric acid (NO) has recently been implicated in the mechanisms of seizure activity and neurodegeneration, which are both very active in the PEHO syndrome. However, recent studies have provided evidence that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) may prevent the NO-mediated neuronal damage and is essential for the survival of the cerebellar granule cells. These cells will degenerate in the PEHO syndrome. In this study, we set out to test the hypothesis that NO production is activated in the PEHO syndrome and that NO production may be correlated with the reduced production of IGF-1 in the brain. Cerebrospinal fluid IGF-1 was determined with an RIA kit and NO metabolites by the Griess calorimetric method. In patients with the PEHO syndrome, as compared with controls, the levels of IGF-1 were reduced and the levels of nitrite/nitrate were markedly elevated. Defective production of IGF-1 probably reflects the underlying neurodegeneration and the increase in NO production probably reflects the seizure activity and/or neurodegeneration. These are the first biochemical abnormalities found in the PEHO syndrome and their study may lead to a better understanding of this devasting disease.
 ...
PMID:The PEHO syndrome. 1170 Dec 91

Seizures are a common neurologic consequence of various etiologies in the end-stage cancer patient. Because dying cancer patients and their families are often coping with new challenges daily, any intervention that can prevent further patient or family discomfort should be implemented. The purpose of this study was to evaluate four pharmacy interventions aimed at improving nursing care to cancer patients at a facility for the terminally ill. The four interventions were development of a seizure risk factor assessment toll, assembly or availability of a diazepam seizure kit, nursing education via in-service training, and development of a manual for nursing stations. Successful implementation of this project indicated that nurses perceived an empowerment in improving quality of life of their patients.
 ...
PMID:Proactive identification of seizure risk improves terminal care. 1214 84

The main objective of the present study is to investigate the possible effects of chronic ethanol consumption and ethanol withdrawal on cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) levels in cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus and hypothalamus of rat brain. Ethanol was given to female Wistar rats (225-270g) by a liquid diet for 21 days. cGMP levels were measured in respective brain regions using an EIA kit at 7th, 14th and 21st days of ethanol ingestion and at 6th and 24th h of ethanol withdrawal. cGMP levels in cortex, striatum and hippocampus but not hypothalamus were found significantly increased at 14th and 21st days of ethanol consumption. The most prominent increase was observed in striatal tissues (approximately 350%). cGMP levels of striatum and hippocampus were still remaining significantly high at 6th h of ethanol withdrawal. Blood ethanol levels were found as 115.60, 50.0 and 7.0mg/dl just before and after 6 and 24h of ethanol withdrawal, respectively and audiogenic seizures also occurred at 6th h of ethanol withdrawal with an incidence of 75% in individual parallel groups. Our results suggest that changes of cGMP levels in cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus might participate in the mechanism of ethanol dependence and withdrawal in rats.
 ...
PMID:Effects of chronic ethanol administration and ethanol withdrawal on cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) levels in the rat brain. 1507 7

Chemosensory function is determined by the interplay of numerous sensory modalities. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible influence of electrical stimulation of the left-sided vagal nerve on gustatory and olfactory function in patients with vagal nerve stimulation (VNS). Gustation and olfaction were tested using psychophysical techniques; olfactory function was additionally evaluated using event-related potentials. A total of 11 subjects participated (six men and five women, aged 21 to 56 years). The vagal stimulator was run in "rapid cycle mode" in 10 patients, whereas one patient was treated with "normal mode" VNS. Subjects participated in two sessions, with the vagal stimulator switched on and off, respectively. The sequence of the two sessions was randomized across all participants. Using air-dilution, olfactometry event-related potentials to the specific olfactory stimulant H2S were recorded. Psychophysical tests were performed using the "Sniffin' Sticks" test kit, a test for retronasal olfactory function, and a gustatory test based on impregnated filter paper. The study yielded the following major results: (1) VNS produced a prolongation of P2 latencies of olfactory ERP, and (2) patients with therapeutic benefit from VNS in terms of seizure control had larger amplitudes during the on period than during the off period. In conclusion, using electrophysiological measures of olfactory function, the present study indicated a significant role of VNS in the processing of olfactory information.
 ...
PMID:Chemosensory function in patients with vagal nerve stimulators. 1562 28


1 2 3 4 Next >>