Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gingival overgrowth frequently occurs in patients medicated with phenytoin (5,5-diphenylhydantoin) to control epileptic seizures. In a recent study, gingival overgrowth was observed in a patient in an experimental group evaluating an automatic toothbrushing system for severely disabled patients. During the evaluation period, which included an oral hygiene regimen provided by an attendant or housemate and a regimen with the Mississippi Dental Care System (MDCS), the patient's gingival overgrowth was noticeably reduced. The results of this study indicate that control of local factors with the MDCS is significantly better than the routine home care regimen, and that the phenytoin-associated gingival overgrowth in this patient was reduced by MDCS.
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PMID:The reduction of phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth in a severely disabled patient: a case report. 260 5

Periodontal condition was studied in 84 epileptic 8-18 year-old patients who had been undergoing antiepileptic drug (AEP) treatment for a period of at least 3 years. They were diagnosed as suffering from partial seizures (simplex or complex) or general tonic-clonic fits and were treated with therapeutic oral doses of phenytoin (PHT) and carbamazepine (CBZ) or valproic acid (VPA) in mono- or polytherapy. All patients received a drug dosage to ensure adequate plasma concentration and satisfactory seizure control. The Gingival Index (GI), Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI) and Plaque Index (Pl-I) were individually scored. The control group contained 30 age-matched healthy children and adolescents. The GI and SBI indices were higher in epileptics than in controls. Only the Pl-I was similar in both groups. Gingival enlargement was found in 30% of the epileptic patients. There was no definite plasma concentration-dependent increase in the incidence of gingival overgrowth.
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PMID:The effect of chronic carbamazepine, valproic acid and phenytoin medication on the periodontal condition of epileptic children and adolescents. 893 50

Gingival overgrowth is a known side effect of several seizure, immunosuppressant and calcium channel-blocker medications. Gingival overgrowth is not a reported side-effect of phenobarbital. This case report describes two patients with marked gingival overgrowth who had been medicated with phenobarbital exclusively since the initiation of seizure disorders. The clinical findings, surgical management, bleeding complications, and recommendations in management are discussed.
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PMID:Phenobarbital-induced gingival overgrowth? Report of two cases and complications in management. 901 73

Gingival overgrowth occurs mainly as a result of certain anti-seizure, immunosuppressive, or antihypertensive drug therapies. Excess gingival tissues impede oral function and are disfiguring. Effective oral hygiene is compromised in the presence of gingival overgrowth, and it is now recognized that this may have negative implications for the systemic health of affected patients. Recent studies indicate that cytokine balances are abnormal in drug-induced forms of gingival overgrowth. Data supporting molecular and cellular characteristics that distinguish different forms of gingival overgrowth are summarized, and aspects of gingival fibroblast extracellular matrix metabolism that are unique to gingival tissues and cells are reviewed. Abnormal cytokine balances derived principally from lymphocytes and macrophages, and unique aspects of gingival extracellular matrix metabolism, are elements of a working model presented to facilitate our gaining a better understanding of mechanisms and of the tissue specificity of gingival overgrowth.
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PMID:Connective tissue metabolism and gingival overgrowth. 1518 34

Gingival overgrowth is a common adverse effect of therapy with Phenytoin, having important medical and cosmetic implications. Poor periodontal hygiene is an important risk factor for severity of Phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth (PIGO), which is a time-dependent process. There is complex interplay of altered fibroblast biology, connective tissue turnover, inflammatory processes, and growth factors on a background of genetic susceptibility to produce increase in various components of interstitial matrix in PIGO tissue. Treatment options have included change of PHT to another anti-seizure drug, measures to improve periodontal hygiene and gingivectomy. There is conclusive evidence that folic acid supplementation significantly decreases the incidence of PIGO.
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PMID:Phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth. 2165 5