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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fever phobia, the exaggerated fear of fever, is found among parents of all socioeconomic classes. Pediatricians may inadvertently contribute to fever phobia if their practice and educational message are incongruent. To determine how pediatricians treat fever in their practice, the authors sent a self-administered questionnaire to a sample of members of the American Academy of Pediatrics who lived in Massachusetts. Pediatricians were asked (1) how dangerous they believed fever to be, (2) how they treated fever in their practice, and (3) what types of educational information they gave families regarding fever. One-hundred seventy-two of the 234 (74%) eligible pediatricians returned the survey; 151 were completed. Sixty percent of the respondents were male, and 75% practiced some form of primary or episodic care. Ninety-eight (65%) believed that fever itself could be dangerous to a child, with 58 (60%) of the original 98 citing that a temperature of 104 degrees F or greater could lead to complications such as seizures, brain damage, or death. In practice, 108 (72%) always or often recommended treatment to reduce fever and 96 (89%) of the 108 did so at temperatures between 101 degrees and 102 degrees F. One hundred thirty-one (88%) respondents agreed that a sleeping child with fever should be left undisturbed. One hundred twenty-one (80%) pediatricians always or often tried to educate families about fever during sick-child visits, yet only 38% addressed the dangers of fever.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Fever phobia: the pediatrician's contribution. 143 24

To date, in publications on hamartomas, precocious puberty and laughing seizures have been discussed, but behavioural and cognitive abnormalities have been neglected. Therefore, we report a 14-year-old girl with a proven hamartoma, in which abnormalities of behaviour and cognition played an important role within the somatopsychic complex. In our patient, urinary incontinence during the seizures and psychiatric symptoms, such as eating disorder with obesity, school phobia, antisocial behaviour, withdrawal and cognitive problems (e.g. general slowness, deficiency of cognitive flexibility) came to the fore. The girl had not attended school regularly for almost 2 years, had stayed at home and was overtaxed psychosocially. The seizures and the urinary incontinence improved with drug treatment, but psychiatric difficulties increased and remained untreated until the girl came to a child psychiatric inpatient clinic where drug treatment and behavioural therapy were combined. During well-coordinated neurological and psychiatric treatment the laughing seizures (spontaneous, event-related, psychogenic) decreased and a considerable improvement in psychiatric and psychosocial problems was attained. Consequently, we recommend a close and timely integration of the psychiatric aspects in the treatment of children with hamartomas.
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PMID:Psychiatric disturbances in children with hamartomas: a neglected somatopsychic issue. A case report. 149 56

Breathing rate (RR), end-tidal percent CO2, and EEG were obtained in three groups: psychiatric referral subjects presenting with anxiety, panic phobia, depression and migraine; a group of idiopathic seizure sufferers; and a group of asymptomatic controls. Virtually all the noncontrol subjects were found to show moderate to severe hyperventilation and the accompanying EEG dysrhythmia. The seizure group subjects were taught diaphragmatic respiration with end-tidal percent CO2 biofeedback. The training normalized their respiration and altered their EEGs and seizure frequency.
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PMID:Effect of diaphragmatic respiration with end-tidal CO2 biofeedback on respiration, EEG, and seizure frequency in idiopathic epilepsy. 212 89

A total of 383 cases of incident panic attack were identified among 12,823 participants in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program over various 12-month periods in 1980-1983. These cases not phobia-stimulated were compared with 766 controls. Risk factors were examined for the onset of panic attacks, with attacks categorized as panic disorder, severe and unexplained panic attacks, or other panic attacks. Risk factors were also examined for the onset of attacks in which cardiovascular symptoms were experienced and those in which psychologic symptoms were experienced. Females were at greater risk than males for each category of attacks (relative odds ranged from 1.36 to 2.25). Persons aged 65 years or older were at lower risk than younger persons (relative odds, compared with 30- to 44-year-olds, ranged from 0.26 to 0.71). A history of cardiac symptoms, shortness of breath, depression or a major grief episode, drug abuse or dependence, alcohol abuse or dependence, and seizures were each strongly associated with panic attacks. A history of cardiac symptoms was more strongly associated with attacks in which cardiovascular symptoms were experienced than with attacks in which psychologic symptoms were experienced (relative odds, 8.36 vs. 2.23). A history of seizures was more strongly associated with attacks with psychologic symptoms than with attacks with cardiovascular symptoms (relative odds, 5.21 vs. 1.58).
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PMID:Risk factors for the onset of panic disorder and other panic attacks in a prospective, population-based study. 229 82

Parents of 202 young febrile children were surveyed about their knowledge, attitudes, and fears concerning fever and its treatment. Forty-eight percent of the parents considered temperatures less than 38.0 degrees C to be "fevers", 43% felt that temperatures less than 40.0 degrees C could be dangerous to a child, 21% favored treatment for fevers less than 38.0 degrees C, and 15% believed that, left untreated, temperature could rise to 42.0 degrees C or higher. Fifty-three percent advocated waking a febrile child at night to administer antipyretic therapy. Young age of the child was associated with a preference for use of acetaminophen over aspirin and, unexpectedly, with a higher parental threshold for consideration of fever. The higher their child's temperature at the time they were questioned, the higher the minimum temperature that parents considered a cause for concern. Surprisingly, higher socioeconomic status was not associated with a lesser degree of fever phobia. In fact, parents of higher socioeconomic status were more concerned about the risks of brain damage or seizures as sequelae of fever than were parents of lower socioeconomic status. It is concluded that undue fear and overly aggressive treatment of fever are epidemic among parents of infants and young children, even among the highly educated and well-to-do. Considerable effort will be required on the part of pediatricians and other child health workers to reeducate these parents about the definition, consequences, and appropriate treatment of fever.
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PMID:Parental fever phobia and its correlates. 400 Jul 86

Despite the wealth of epidemiological evidence showing the comorbidity of epilepsy with various forms of psychopathology, there has been little systematic investigation of its relationship with affective disorders. This study aims to explore the phenomenon of seizure fear. Survey data have suggested that patients commonly fear death and/or brain damage as a result of their seizures, but documented cases of seizure phobia are rare and infrequently address issues of treatment. The study describes the exploration and successful cognitive behavioural treatment of a case of seizure phobia in a 26 year old woman with a 9 year history of epilepsy following a subarachnoid haemorrhage. The findings represent an important development in the much-neglected study of seizure fear. The case highlights some of the factors which may contribute to the genesis and maintenance of epilepsy-related psychopathologies and consequently has important implications for theoretical modelling in this area. Furthermore, it provides encouraging evidence to support the use of cognitive-behavioural techniques in treatment of these disorders.
Seizure 1998 Apr
PMID:Fear of seizures: an investigation and treatment. 962 99

Five new cases of reading epilepsy (RE) are reported. This is an epilepsy syndrome belonging to the group of idiopathic localization-related epilepsies. They all have some interesting features which contribute to the understanding of the pathomechanism and nosology of this specific type of reflex epilepsy. In our first patient the precipitating effect of texts in unknown languages depended upon phonematic intricacy. With our second case, changes of script within the text (Latin to Greek) increased the precipitating effect. The visual aura experiences reported in vague terms by some patients with RE may represent ictal dyslexia. For case three RE had been misdiagnosed as phobic neurosis. Even if a patient has a history of development dyslexia, and ictal dyslexia is a feature of the seizures, the onset of RE is not during primary school age but at puberty. Our fourth patient's manifestation factor of (late-onset) RE was a change of scriptural environment (Kyrillic to Latin) . Unilateral myocloni were observed with bilateral spike wave discharge in RE, and carbamazepine possibly increased the epileptic response in RE. With the co-occurrence of RE and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy in case five, the clinical features of both syndromes remained separate. All five patients responded well to treatment with valproic acid, and all confirmed that the syndrome has no tendency to deteriorate in long-term follow-up.
Seizure 1998 Aug
PMID:Reading epilepsy: report of five new cases and further considerations on the pathophysiology. 973 1

In contrast to adulthood hysterical disorders, childhood hysteria has not been accorded due recognition. Pseudoseizures are paroxysmal alterations in behavior that resemble epileptic seizures but are without any underlying organic cause. There is paucity of literature on pseudoseizures in children. In the present descriptive study of 2 years' duration, a series of consecutively seen 50 children with pseudoseizures is reported. After detailed history from parents, various socio-demographic and clinical variables were noted. Of 110 children seen with conversion disorder, 50 had pseudoseizures (45.5%). The average age was 8.2 years in boys and 9.4 years in girls. There were 28 girls (56.0%) and 22 boys (44.0%), and the majority of patients had the pseudoseizures for 1 to 3 months. When the mode of referral was studied, 52% were referred from pediatric outpatient department and the majority were referred to rule out comorbid psychiatric disorder. The fits mimicking generalized tonic-clonic seizures were most common and the duration of fits ranged from 10 to 35 minutes. The most common frequency of fits was 5 to 6 per week. The average duration of symptoms was 2.6 months in boys and 3.2 months in girls. Only 14 patients (28%) gave the history of having seen the fits in a relative or schoolmate. School phobia and the fear of examinations were the most common precipitating factors. Separation anxiety disorder, school phobia, and mood disorders were common comorbid diagnoses. The patients were put on appropriate drug treatment and/or psychotherapy for 3 months. Of 50 cases, 36 (72.0%) remitted, 10 (20.0%) showed a decrease in frequency of pseudoseizures, and 4 (8.0%) did not improve. With correct diagnosis and treatment, the children with pseudoseizures have a good outcome.
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PMID:Pseudoseizures in children: a profile of 50 cases. 1615 68

Seventeen refractory partial epilepsy patients were enrolled in an open-label study to evaluate the antiepileptic effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Seven of the patients had not obtained seizure-free status after epileptogenic focus resection surgery before they were enrolled in the study. All patients were treated with low-frequency rTMS which included 3 sessions per day (0.5 Hz, 90% RMT and 500 pulses each session) and lasted for 2 weeks. Seizure frequency, seizure days and epileptic discharges in the EEG obtained before, during and after stimulation were compared. The psychological conditions of all individual patients were evaluated with Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) before and after rTMS treatment. Mean seizure frequencies per week significantly decreased in the following 4-week rTMS treatment period compared with the pretreatment period (14.09 vs. 5.63, p < 0.05, mean reduction of 60.02% in seizure frequency). Mean seizure days per week during the treatment period and the post-treatment period were lower than that of the pretreatment period (5.18 vs. 2.99 p < 0.05, mean reduction of 42.5% in seizure days). Mean epileptic discharges in the EEG decreased significantly during the treatment period compared to that of the pre-treatment period (78.60 vs. 66.09, p < 0.05, mean reduction of 15.9% in epileptic spikes discharges) in all 17 patients. Fourteen patients completed the test of Symptom Checklist-90 effectively. The scales of Global Severity Index, Depression, Anxiety, Phobic anxiety, Paranoid ideation, Psychoticism, Somatization, Obsession-compulsion, Interpersonal sensitivity, Hostility in patients decreased respectively at the post-treatment periods compared with those of the pre-treatment periods (P < 0.05). Low-frequency rTMS may have a significant antiepileptic effect in patients with refractory partial epilepsy. Additionally, our results indicate rTMS treatment can improve the psychological condition of these patients.
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PMID:Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of refractory partial epilepsy. 2130 41

Epileptic patients present with psychiatric disorders more frequently than the general population and patients with other chronic medical conditions. Psychiatric disorders can co-occur with epilepsy and can be caused by epilepsy. Personality changes, as well as psychosis, and mood or anxiety disorders can occur in association with epilepsy. Anxiety disorders due to epilepsy can manifest as generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. The risk of an anxiety disorder is higher in patients with focal epilepsy, especially those with temporal lobe epilepsy, but an anxiety disorder can also occur in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy or generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy. Herein we present a 41-year-old female patient with comorbid anxiety disorder and epilepsy that improved following initiation of antiepileptic medication. The patient's EEG showed abnormalities, particularly in the frontal lobe. Epileptic activation-associated anxiety disorder presented as phobia of swallowing and the patient exhibited features of generalized anxiety disorder. Following initiation of antiepileptic medication, the seizures stopped and the symptoms of anxiety disappeared in two weeks. The patient was receiving psychotherapy once every 2 weeks. The patient remained asymptomatic during 2-years of follow-up. This case highlights the importance of differential diagnosis of underlying epilepsy in patients with acute severe anxiety and the efficacy of proper medical treatment, which was given in the presented case for the underling pathology of anxiety.
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PMID:[Anxiety disorder due to epilepsy: a case report]. 2574 40


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