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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

EEG abnormalities in migraine have been reported by a number of authors during the last 50 years. Prevalences vary considerably in the older literature. A number of unspecific rhythms related to drowsiness or hyperventilation have probably been counted as "abnormal", and the reported numbers of definitely abnormal EEG rhythms have been consistently low. In a few controlled and blinded studies, however, slight excess of various EEG rhythms has been found in migraine patients. Similar prevalences of interictal EEG abnormalities have generally been found in patients with classic and common migraine, but the diagnostic classification may not have been precise enough in some studies. During visual aura, either slow waves, depression of background activity amplitude or normal EEG have been reported. The most definitely abnormal EEGs with unilateral or bilateral delta activity have been recorded during attacks of hemiplegic migraine, and during attacks of migraine with disturbed consciousness. The relationship between migraine and epilepsy has still not been adequately clarified. The connection seems to exist in several small entities (e.g. migraine-like headache as an epileptic manifestation, epileptic seizures triggered by epileptic attacks, and possibly in epilepsies with occipital spike waves), but it is seemingly not "fundamental". Newer methods, i.e. EEG frequency analysis and topographic brain mapping, are promising tools in this field. So far, mostly small studies have been published with somewhat inconsistent results. A pattern of increased alpha rhythm variability (and/or asymmetry) in the headache-free phase seems to emerge, however. Significant asymmetry of alpha and theta during headache has been reported in one topographic brain mapping study. Magnetoencephalographic studies of migraine patients have demonstrated slow wave-shifts (similar to those observed in animals with spreading depression). The EEG patterns observed in migraine patients seem to suggest a possible physiological connection between sleep, hyperventilation and migraine. The study of such relationship may shed new light on migraine pathophysiology.
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PMID:EEG in migraine: a review of the literature. 205 54

We present ten patients with classical or common migraine of increasing severity accompanied by seizures of multiple patterns and increasing severity leading to episodes of epilepsia partialis continua. Long lasting deficits associated with hypodense lesions on CT and abnormal signals on MRI, then developed. Cortical blindness, cortical deafness and dementia were common. Five of the patients died in 1-10 years. Some of these patients had markers of mitochondrial disease (ragged red fibers and serum lactate elevation) and others with the same clinical picture did not. This group of patients indicates that mitochondrial encephalopathy may exist without evidence of myopathy, that the clinical syndrome is characteristic and that it should suggest the diagnosis even in the absence of muscular abnormalities.
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PMID:Malignant migraine: the syndrome of prolonged classical migraine, epilepsia partialis continua, and repeated strokes; a clinically characteristic disorder probably due to mitochondrial encephalopathy. 311 51

In a 7-year prospective follow-up of 104 children with enuresis in 32 cases (19 boys and 13 girls) coexistence of common migraine was found. Twenty-two children had various other seizure-like disorders, particularly tics, febrile convulsions, pavor nocturnus and fainting, and three had absence attacks. In 20 cases vasomotor disturbances and in 17 abnormal Schellong's test were found. The IQ was normal or high in all cases. Emotional disorders were observed in nearly half the cases. The water-salt test of Decourt was done in 9 cases and it was abnormal in 8 cases. At least two abnormal EEG records were obtained in 26 cases, and in 24 of them seizure activity was demonstrated in the EEG. In the period of follow-up disappearance or very marked improvement of enuresis occurred in all cases and migrainous attacks became less frequent and intense in 27 cases, while in 5 the severity of migraine increased. The author discusses the pathological mechanism of these disturbances calling attention to less good efficiency of the regulatory functions of the centrencephalic activating system and hypothalamus connected with biochemical and bioelectric immaturity.
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PMID:[Coexistence of idiopathic spontaneous nocturnal enuresis and migraine in children]. 344 4

Intracarotid injection of 133-Xenon and recording of wash out of radioactivity by 254 external stationary detectors was used to measure rCBF. Initial slope values were calculated by a computer, translated into color code and displayed on a TV-screen. rCBF in patients with epilepsy has been the object of former studies. Those who had a cortical focus showed corresponding high blood flow values during attack and during EEG paroxysms without clinical attacks. On the contrary, all other patients with a cortical focus were normal. Patients with complex partial seizures displayed no abnormalities interictally. During generalized epileptic seizures rCBF and metabolism doubled. Distinction must be made between patients with aura (classic migraine) and patients without aura (common migraine). In the latter CBF was normal or slightly elevated. In the former the aura symptoms are associated with reduced CBF. The reduction usually starts posteriorly and spreads gradually anteriorly. rCBF remains depressed for up to several hours into the headache phase. After 8-12 hours a reactive hyperemia may ensue. In common migraine rCBF remains normal throughout the attack. During classic migraine attacks rCBF is depressed whereas it is increased during epileptic attacks. Thus rCBF studies further strengthen the differences between epilepsy and migraine.
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PMID:Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies in migraine and epilepsy. 360 67

A diagnosis of migraine was made in 240 children referred to the Pediatric Neurology Service of the Children's Hospital of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, in a 6-year period from January 1975 to December 1980. Fifty-four of these children had seizures, and in this subgroup 19 (35%) had partial seizures with complex symptomatology. Fourteen of the 19 children had common migraine. Fourteen children had abnormalities in interictal EEGs; EEG findings included focal slow waves, sharp waves, and sharp-and-slow waves. The temporal regions were the sites of abnormality in 13 children. Calculation of the critical ratio and use of the two-sided test approach showed that the probability of seeing 19 children with migraine and complex seizures in our population on the basis of chance was extremely low (p = 0.0096). Our study suggests the presence of an association between migraine and partial seizures with complex symptomatology.
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PMID:Migraine and complex seizures in children. 400 83

A leading patient complaint is headaches which tend to occur more often in women than men. Nonvascular headache is the most common and is caused by tension or muscle contraction. Oral contraceptives (OCs) do not affect nonvascular headaches. They can also be safely used in women who experience common migraines whose symptoms do not become more severe or frequent during OC use. On the other hand, women who have classic migraine (headache accompanied by focal neurologic symptoms) or common migraine with symptoms becoming more severe or frequent during OC use should discontinue OC use. Instead, they should use a barrier method or the IUD. Estradiol treatment appears to be effective in treating menstrual migraine. Since the data are inconclusive about the effect of OCs on young women who have experienced a stroke or transient ischemic attacks, it would be best for them to use a barrier method. Most antiepileptic drugs (phenobarbital, phenytoin, paramethadione, and carbamazepine) cause enzyme induction which may be linked to decreased levels of estrogen and increases in irregular bleeding, thereby increasing the likelihood of an epileptic OC user becoming pregnant. Possible contraceptive failure exposes a developing fetus to the teratogenic properties of the antiepileptic drugs. Thus, physicians should prescribe OCs with 50 mcg of ethinyl estradiol rather than 35 mcg ethinyl estradiol. Epileptic women can also use Depo-Provera, because it is not only effective in preventing pregnancy but reduces seizure frequency. It is important for any contraceptive method chosen for epileptic women to be effective because pregnancy intensifies seizures which in turn can damage the mother and/or fetus and cause neonatal distress.
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PMID:Contraceptive methods for women with neurologic disorders. 851 48

The first detailed case report of recurrent common migraine after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is presented; it involves a 52-year-old woman with major depressive disorder. The migraine symptoms corresponded to those of the infrequent spontaneous migraine attacks she had. After a change to propofol as the anesthetic because of methohexital intolerance, the migraine attacks ceased, apparently due to seizure generalization being inhibited by propofol. In patients with migraine, ECT may be expected to trigger a migraine attack, probably in the same way as spontaneous seizures. The possible reasons and significance are discussed.
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PMID:Migraine after electroconvulsive therapy. 852 66

The epilepsies have been regarded as clinically distinct from the paroxysmal movement disorders. Recently, a variety of ion channel defects have been identified as the biological basis of certain familial epilepsies and paroxysmal movement disorders. We studied two families with the co-occurrence of epilepsy, movement disorders and migraine. Information was obtained on 147 individuals in the two families. In family WF, there was a co-occurrence of epilepsy (benign infantile convulsions, idiopathic generalized epilepsy), episodic ataxia (with cerebellar atrophy and without myokymia) and common migraine. In family CL, epilepsy (febrile seizures, febrile seizures plus), kinesigenic paroxysmal dyskinesia and migraine (including hemiplegic migraine) were observed in various combinations over 3 generations. The observations in these two families, together with review of the literature, suggest that the co-occurrence of epilepsy (particularly benign infantile convulsions), paroxysmal movement disorders and migraine is not due to chance. Thus, these distinct clinical phenomena could have a shared biological basis and ion channel defects are an attractive possibility.
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PMID:Epilepsy and paroxysmal movement disorders in families: evidence for shared mechanisms. 1093 38

To determine the lateralizing value of peri-ictal headache, the authors conducted a standardized interview of 100 patients with partial epilepsy, 60 with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and 40 with extratemporal epilepsy (ETE). Peri-ictal headache occurred in 47 of 100 (47%) patients. Peri-ictal headache was more likely to be ipsilateral to the seizure onset in TLE (27 of 30 = 90%) than in ETE (two of 17 = 12%; p< 0.001). For both groups, peri-ictal headache usually conformed to the diagnostic criteria for common migraine (18 of 30 = 60% in TLE; 7 of 17 = 41% in ETE).
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PMID:Lateralizing value of peri-ictal headache: A study of 100 patients with partial epilepsy. 1114 54

There is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that benign rolandic epilepsy and benign occipital epilepsy of childhood are frequently associated with migraine. This however has not been universally recognized. Clearly further investigation of this association is required. The purpose of this report is to examine the varied diagnostic criteria for common migraine utilized by epileptologists and other neurologists, to review clinical migraine epilepsy relationships, EEG abnormalities in migraine and epilepsy, and the association of seizures with vascular headache in patients with various forms of epilepsy. Hopefully, this will stimulate further research into this intriguing association of two conditions which though they have different pathophysiology frequently coexist.
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PMID:Migraine and the benign partial epilepsies of childhood: evidence for an association. 1123 Dec 22


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