Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anaplastic oligodendroglioma [AO, World Health Organization (WHO) grade III] is an uncommon but aggressive tumor of the central nervous system that typically arises in adults. Clinically, patients present with seizures, and the prognosis is considered poor. Metastatic spread is extremely rare. We report an exceptional case of AO with extracranial scalp involvement, which arose in a patient with recurrent primary AO of the brain after chemoradiation, multiple cranial surgical resections, and subsequent scalp reconstruction. On histopathology, the subcutaneous tissue of the scalp contained several clusters and infiltrating cords of relatively small, epithelioid cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, scant eosinophilic cytoplasm, and perinuclear halos, which gave the cells a characteristic fried-egg appearance. By immunohistochemistry, the lesional cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100. It is likely that surgical implantation and direct extracranial extension after craniotomy were the mechanisms responsible for dissemination of the patient's tumor.
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PMID:Anaplastic oligodendroglioma involving the subcutaneous tissue of the scalp: report of an exceptional case and review of the literature. 2215 46

Oligodendrogliomas represent the third most common type of glioma, comprising 4%-15% of all gliomas and can be classified by degree of malignancy into grade II and grade III, according to WHO classification. Only 30% of oligodendroglial tumors have anaplastic characteristics. Anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) is often localized as a single lesion in the white matter and in the cortex, rarely in brainstem or spinal cord. The management of AO is deeply changed in the recent years. Maximal safe surgical resection followed by radiotherapy (RT) was considered as the standard of care since paramount findings regarding molecular aspects, in particular co-deletion of the short arm of chromosome 1 and the long arm of chromosome 19, revealed that these subsets of AO, benefit in terms of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), from the addition of chemotherapy to RT. Allelic losses of chromosomes 1p and 19q occur in 50%-70% of both low-grade and anaplastic tumors, representing a strong prognostic factor and a powerful predictor of prolonged survival. Several other molecular markers have potential clinical significance as IDH1 mutations, confirming the strong prognostic role for OS. Malignant brain tumors negatively impacts on patients' quality of life. Seizures, visual impairment, headache, and cognitive disorders can be present. Moreover, chemotherapy and RT have important side effects. For these reasons, "health-related quality of life" is becoming a topic of growing interest, investigating on physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being. Understanding the impact of medical treatment on health-related quality of life will probably have a growing effect both on health care strategies and on patients.
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PMID:Clinical management of grade III oligodendroglioma. 2625 28