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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cancer is the hyperactive state of cell growth in which the multiplication and division of cells occur abnormally. Malignant cancer to the brain frequently begins and ends with the loss of self or quality of life. Cancer of the central nervous system can be in the form of a primary or secondary brain tumor commonly known as metastatic cancer. Primary brain tumors can be benign or malignant on the basis of the cell type or location within the brain. Metastatic cancer has a primary source of origin, from which it has traveled to the brain by direct extension (tumors arising from the skull or vertebral column), or most commonly by hematogenous spread (through the blood supply, lymphatic system, or cerebral spinal fluid). As the cancer grows, the individual can experience headache, seizures, or focal neurologic deficits, all impinging on quality of life. This article addresses malignant central nervous system cancer including metastatic cancer and malignant gliomas (anaplastic astrocytoma, grade III, and glioblastoma multiforme, grade IV). Epidemiology, diagnostic workup, treatment, and outcome also are reviewed.
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PMID:Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with metastatic cancer and high-grade gliomas of the central nervous system. 1527 34

In the last 11 years we operated on 20 patients (1.03% of all operated brain tumors) with lateral ventricular masses. Anamnesis lasted from 6 months in the case of epileptic seizures to 6 years when headache was the main symptom of disease only. Tumor was located in the anterior cornu and pars centralis in 15, in the trigonum of lateral ventricle in 2, and in the posterior cornu of the lateral ventricle in 3 cases. 13 tumors were large and in MRI the largest diameter was above 5 cm. Tumors located in the anterior cornu and pars centralis were removed using transcortical (10 cases) or transcallosal approaches (5 times). The tumor of the trigonum of ventricle was removed twice through superior parietal lobulus. Tumors of the posterior cornu were operated on via precuneus in order to save visual fields or through the occipital cortex. In 4 cases after removal of tumor the orifice in the frontal lobe was closed with fibrine glue. We totally removed tumors from lateral ventricles in 85% and subtotally in 15% of all cases. Histopathological examination revealed: astrocytoma anaplasticum in 5 cases, astrocytoma pilocyticum 4, oligodendroglioma 2, oligodendroglioma mixtum 1, papilloma plexus chorioidei 2, cystis epidermalis 2, subependymoma 1, ependymoma 1, pineocytoma 1 and haemangiona arterio-venosum 1. Two patients (10%) with diagnosis of anaplastic astrocytoma died after the operation as a result of ischemia and edema cerebri. During the follow-up examination, where the average time of observation was 3.7 years, 15 patients were found to be in a good condition (GR+MD), 1 patient was severely disabled (SD), 2 patients with anaplastic astrocytoma and pineocytoma died because of enlargement of the remnants of tumors left at first operation in spite of reoperation. Tumors of the lateral ventricle grow slowly and often achieve a large size before their clinical appearance. Most of tumors are accessible for a total or subtotal removal with acceptable morbidity and mortality rate after the operation. Long-term results depend on the size of resection and histopathological investigation.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of intraventricular tumors]. 1535 29

Malignant gliomas arise from two distinct pathways, as de novo lesions or from secondary transformation from low-grade lesions. Herein, we describe the cases of two patients to illustrate the proposition that de novo malignant gliomas can originate as non-enhancing tumors and rapidly progress to a pattern of ring enhancement characteristic of a glioblastoma. Both patients presented with new-onset seizures (simple partial and generalized). Their neurological examinations were unremarkable. Initial MRI evaluations revealed a right precentral gyrus and right medial temporal lobe lesions in each case, respectively. These lesions demonstrated increased T2 signal changes without contrast enhancement. The biopsy of the right frontal lesion in the first patient was consistent with an anaplastic astrocytoma; the second patient was followed expectantly. Repeat MRI for both patients within 17 weeks disclosed ring-enhancing lesions, consistent with an unusually rapid evolution to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Subsequent resection of the right medial temporal lesion in the second patient revealed a GBM. Neither tumor displayed abnormal overexpression of P53 by immunohistochemistry. Early MRI of de novo glioblastomas may demonstrate a non-enhancing tumor suggestive of a low-grade lesion. These tumors can rapidly evolve into ring-enhancing lesions more consistent with the traditional imaging findings.
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PMID:Non-enhancing de novo glioblastoma: report of two cases. 1544 98

Although the association of epilepsy with cerebral tumours is well recognized, the reported incidence of seizures and relationship to tumour pathology varies significantly. This study assessed retrospectively the incidence of seizures, relationship to tumour pathology, natural history of epilepsy and prognostic significance of presentation with a seizure in 120 consecutive adults with histologically proven primary cerebral hemisphere tumours including meningiomas. 52% had a seizure and most were at presentation. Seizures were more common with anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) (18 23 ) than glioblastoma multiforme (21 56 ) (p = 0.001) and seizure occurrence was associated with cortical invasion. 52% of meningioma patients had a seizure. Seizures recurred in 34%, more frequently with glioma (19 of 46) than meningioma (1 of 15) (p < 0.05). Patients with AA presenting with a seizure had a longer survival (28 months) than patients without seizure (8 months) (p = 0.05 one sided). In conclusion, seizures are a common complication of cerebral tumours, usually at presentation and correlate with tumour pathology. A seizure at presentation in AA correlates with longer survival.
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PMID:Epilepsy and primary cerebral tumours. 1863 57

The early appearance of high grade glioma on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was retrospectively reviewed in the clinical records and MR images of 52 patients with intracerebral glioma treated in Osaka General Medical Center between 1997 and 2006. Three patients had no abnormal findings, and four patients had only hyperintense areas on T(2)-weighted imaging at initial MR examination. Five of the seven patients presented with generalized seizures. Six of the seven patients developed tumor progression within only 5 months. All patients underwent surgical tumor resection and the histological diagnoses were all high grade gliomas, glioblastomas in five, gliosarcoma in one, and anaplastic astrocytoma in one. Surveillance MR imaging should be performed at short intervals in adult patients presenting with seizures but with no or minimal abnormalities on initial MR imaging to identify progression of high grade glioma at the earliest opportunity.
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PMID:Early appearance of high grade glioma on magnetic resonance imaging. 1916 96

BACKGROUND: Anaplastic astrocytomas are progressive brain tumors with a tendency to infiltrate the surrounding tissue. Recurrence is very common, with recurrent tumors being extremely refractory to existing therapies. Case Presentation: A 33-year-old woman presented with a history of an unprovoked fall, followed by seizures. An MRI scan revealed a mass in the fronto-temporo-parietal region of the brain, suggesting a primary tumor. She underwent craniotomy and surgical debulking of the tumor. The histology of the tumor tissue revealed an anaplastic astrocytoma. Follow-up MRI scans indicated the presence of a residual, rapidly progressing tumor. A 6-week course of fractionated radiation and concurrent chemotherapy with Temodar(R) (temozolomide capsules) did not stop tumor progression. Intervention: Due to the failure of conventional therapies in preventing rapid disease progression, the patient volunteered to undergo a 28-day course of Sequentially Programmed Magnetic Field (SPMF) therapy. RESULTS: Immediate post-therapy MRI scan showed a cessation of tumor growth, and follow-up imaging at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months revealed a gradual but steady decrease in the size of the tumor. The patient reported an alleviation of clinical symptoms and a subjective improvement in the quality of life at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months following SPMF therapy. CONCLUSION: The remarkable improvement of this patient suggests that SPMF therapy may be a valuable option for anaplastic astrocytoma, especially in recurrent and rapidly progressing tumors.
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PMID:Sequentially Programmed Magnetic Field Therapy in the Management of Recurrent Anaplastic Astrocytoma: A Case Report and Literature Review. 2074 Jan 95

Astrocytomas--neroepithelial originated tumors that belong to the big, differential group of tumors, which derive from astrocytic glial. They include slow growing tumors such as fibillary astrocytoma or very malignant glioblastoma multiforme. The case which is being presented is of a forty nine year old woman operated in July 1997 because of a protoplasmic astrocytoma II WHO in the left frontal lobe. The main symptoms were epilepsy seizures. The patient was operated totally followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. 13 years later epilepsy seizures with syncope showed up again. Due to this adverse event MRI was ordered and suspicion of tumor recurrence was put forward. The lesion was removed radically with a neuronavigation guided technique. Histopathology identified anaplastic astrocytoma III WHO. According to literature, the factors regarding remission time, tumor malignancy and therapeutic aim were analyzed.
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PMID:[Malignant astrocytoma as a recurrance of astrocytoma II WHO after 13 years. Case report and literature review]. 2147 1

Peritumoral regional cortical blood flow (rCoBF) was studied intraoperatively using thermal diffusion flowmetry. Histology included glioblastomas (n=5), anaplastic astrocytoma (n=1), pilocytic astrocytomas (n=2), metastatic melanoma (n=1), and trigeminal schwannoma (n=1). Pre-resection rCoBF values were low in all but two tumors where perfusion was in the low normal range. Post-resection rCoBF values were either low or normalized. Seizure activity was documented in a pilocytic astrocytoma with a significant rCoBF increase during resection. Our findings indicate that hypoperfusion in the cortex adjacent to malignant brain tumors is the result of primary metabolic failure and tumor pressure ischemia.
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PMID:Intraoperative measurement of peritumoral regional cortical cerebral blood flow. 2159 20

High-grade gliomas (HGGs), including anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme, are the most common primary brain tumors, and are often associated with seizures. Seizure control is a critical but often underappreciated goal in the treatment of patients harboring these malignant lesions. Patients with HGG who also have medically intractable seizures should be considered for a palliative resection guided by electrocorticography and functional mapping. Antiepileptic drugs remain the mainstay of seizure treatment in HGG, and antiepileptic medication should be started after a tumor-related seizure, but should not be used prophylactically in the absence of seizure activity.
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PMID:Characteristics and treatment of seizures in patients with high-grade glioma: a review. 2244 Aug 66

A total of 25 patients with gliomatosis cerebri (19 males and 6 females; median age 51 years, range 10-73 years) were diagnosed and treated at the Sheba Medical Center between 1995 and 2009. Of these, 3 patients were 10 years old at the time of diagnosis. Seizures were the initial clinical presentation in 19 patients, focal signs in 16 patients, headaches in 7 patients, cognitive disorder in 4 patients and rapidly progressive hemiparesis in 1 patient. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in the patients and demonstrated a diffuse infiltrative process with a hyperintensity signal on T2-weighted images and a minimal mass effect. Some level of enhancement on MRI was observed in 6 patients. The infiltrative process involved at least two lobes in each patient. Biopsy was performed for diagnosis in the majority of patients. In 1 patient with a markedly rapid deterioration, the diagnosis was established at autopsy. The pathology was compatible with gliomatosis with a diffuse infiltrative low-grade astrocytoma in 21 patients and anaplastic astrocytoma in 5 patients. The patients were treated with whole-brain radiation therapy and 7 patients were treated with combined whole-brain radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Treatment appeared to stabilize 6 patients or improve the clinical condition in 7 patients. Due to the small number of patients in the present study, however, further studies are required to determine the effect of treatment on the natural history of the disease.
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PMID:Presentation patterns and outcome of gliomatosis cerebri. 2274 Aug 82


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