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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recently, three patients with hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome who underwent callosotomy were monitored for more than four years. All patients had atrophy of the right brain hemisphere with left hemiparesis and seizures. Two cases were probably the result of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage and one was due to an unknown cause. Wada tests were done in cases 1 and 2, which showed spared motor function of the atrophic hemisphere, supporting the choice of callosotomy instead of hemispherectomy. Patient 1 had atypical absence seizures and asymmetric generalized tonic seizures before surgery, the latter of which decreased by about 60% after callosotomy. Patient 2 had simple partial seizures of the motor type and complex partial seizures, the latter of which were also induced by touch (somatosensory-induced reflex epilepsy). This patient's complex partial seizures disappeared completely, but the simple partial seizures remained unchanged. Patient 3 had generalized tonic seizures, simple partial seizures of the sensory type and complex partial seizures. After surgery, the frequency of the generalized tonic seizures decreased more than 90%. The simple partial seizures of the sensory type remained unchanged. There were two new types of seizures after surgery, simple partial seizures of the motor type and brief generalized myoclonic jerks. All patients had significant reductions in numbers of seizures of more than 50%.
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PMID:Postcallosotomy seizure outcome in hemiconvulsion-hemiatrophy-epilepsy syndrome. 1092 43

In this paper, three more cases of eating-induced seizures are reported. We have obtained ictal video-electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings for two patients, which confirm the heterogeneity of ictal semiology of these seizures. However, in all the cases the inclusion of this kind of reflex epilepsy (RE) among the localization-related epilepsies (LRE) is confirmed. The usefulness of video EEG monitoring in studying these seizures and reflex epilepsy in general (RE) is stressed.
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PMID:Eating epilepsy. Heterogeneity of ictal semiology: the role of video-EEG monitoring. 1095 40

Reflex epilepsy of the visual system is charecterised by seizures precipitated by visual stimuli. EEG responses to intermittent photic stimulation depend on the age and sex of the subject and on how stimulation is performed: abnormalities are commonest in children and adolescents, especially girls. Only generalised paroxysmal epileptiform discharges are clearly linked to epilepsy. Abnormal responses may occur in asymptomatic subjects, especially children. Photosensitivity has an important genetic component. Some patients are sensitive to patterns, suggesting an occipital trigger for these events. Myoclonus and generalised convulsive and nonconvulsive seizures may be triggered by visual stimuli. Partial seizures occur less often and can be confused with migraine. Although usually idiopathic, photosensitive epilepsy may occur in degenerative diseases and some patients with photosensitive partial seizures have brain lesions. Sunlight and video screens, including television, video games, and computer displays, are the commonest environmental triggers of photosensitive seizures. Outbreaks of triggered seizures have occurred when certain flashing or patterned images have been broadcast. There are regulations to prevent this in some countries only. Pure photosensitive epilepsy has a good prognosis. There is a role for treatment with and without antiepileptic drugs, but photosensitivity usually does not disappear spontaneously, and then typically in the third decade.
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PMID:Reflex epilepsy and reflex seizures of the visual system: a clinical review. 1102 37

To delineate rub epilepsy--a type of reflex epilepsy induced by prolonged or repetitive cutaneous stimulation in a circumscribed area of the body--three cases are presented, as well as one of tooth brushing epilepsy for comparison. In all three cases of rub epilepsy, cutaneous stimuli in a particular body area on the left side initially induced a sensory jacksonian march in the middle of, or in close vicinity to, the trigger zone, which led to subsequent unilateral tonic contractions with intact consciousness. By contrast, a motor jacksonian seizure without sensory aura was induced in the patient with tooth brushing epilepsy. A review of cases with rub epilepsy, including those in this paper, disclosed a striking consistency in clinical manifestations. The symptomatology of the induced seizures indicates a propagation of epileptic discharges from the postcentral gyrus to the supplementary motor area. Rub epilepsy is proposed as a separate clinical entity, clearly demarcated from other somatosensory evoked reflex epilepsies such as startle and tooth brushing epilepsy.
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PMID:Rub epilepsy: a somatosensory evoked reflex epilepsy induced by prolonged cutaneous stimulation. 1125 85

A total of 225 video-EEG examinations were performed in 179 children with various types of paroxysmal events, including 41 children aged 1-24 months of life and 138 patients aged 3-18 years. The studies were repeated in 25 patients; 80 one-hour recordings, 115 two-hour and 30 three-hour recordings were made. In selected cases EEG stimulating methods were employed, as well as tests provoking psychogenic events. In younger children video-EEG allowed confirming and more precise characterization of seizures in 19 of 41 patients (46.3%), whereas the corresponding number in older children was 17.4% (24 of 138 patients). In two children whose epilepsy was treated surgically, video-EEG was a significant element of preoperative diagnostic management. The use of the method allowed for diagnosing epileptic syndromes, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, reflex epilepsy, photogenic epilepsy and infant myoclonus epilepsy in 11 children. Video-EEG made it possible to rule out epilepsy in 3 of 41 younger children (7.3%) and in 24 of 138 older patients (17.4%). In 10 of 138 patients aged 12-17 years (7.3%), the method facilitated the diagnosis of psychic epilepsy, what allowed for initiation of an appropriate management without the administration of anti-epileptic drugs. In approximately one third of patients, video-EEG evaluation was helpful in selecting appropriate therapy.
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PMID:[Video electroencephalography in seizure disorders of children]. 1135 6

We report a 28-year-old woman of normal intellect, who had three late-onset seizures with unusual ictal features and secondary generalization during prolonged and vigorous tooth brushing. Neurologic examination and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were normal, but interictal EEG showed left frontal epileptiform activity. Reasonable precautions (regular but briefer and less vigorous brushing of her teeth) combined with a moderate dose of carbamazepine effectively prevented seizure recurrence. This case may be an example of cryptogenic form of reflex epilepsy with seizures induced exclusively by tooth brushing.
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PMID:Tooth brushing-induced seizures: a case report. 1138 May 79

Neurologists have long sought to understand what precipitates individual seizures in epileptic patients. Studies of reflex epilepsies seem well suited to this task. In this issue of Neuron, Skradski et al. describe a mutation in a novel gene underlying audiogenic seizures in the Frings mouse, providing a valuable resource for elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms of this inherited form of reflex epilepsy.
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PMID:Listen carefully: positional cloning of an audiogenic seizure mutation may yield Frings benefits. 1154 13

Reflex epilepsy includes a group of epileptic syndromes in which seizures are induced by a stimulus, either simple (visual, somatosensory, olfactory, auditory) or more complex (e.g., eating, thinking, reading). We document a case of reflex epilepsy in which focal seizures are triggered exclusively by gait. The patient is a young boy whose walking was impaired by abnormal motor phenomena on the left side. These phenomena were elicited by gait and were accompanied by a distinctive ictal pattern with centro-temporal discharges. After comparing this patient with others reported in the literature, we determined that he has an unusual type of reflex epilepsy for which we coined the term "gait epilepsy." This disorder must be considered when physicians are making a differential diagnosis in patients who have symptoms that suggest paroxysmal kinesigenic dystonia (PKD) or selective epileptic gait disorder.
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PMID:Gait epilepsy. A case report of gait-induced seizures. 1155 99

Photosensitive epilepsy is a type of reflex epilepsy. Five percent of epileptics are photosensitive, i.e. they show photoconvulsive response (PCR) during intermittent photic stimulation. Patients with photogenic or photosensitive epilepsy have seizures with flickering light. They also exhibit heliotaxis. Sodium valproate and ethosuximide are the common drugs used. Even though benzodiazepines are useful, the specific effect of lorazepam is not mentioned. We report 5 cases of photosensitive epilepsy with inadequate response to usual antiepileptic drugs who had complete or near complete remission with lorazepam.
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PMID:Lorazepam: an adjuvant therapy in patients with seizure and heliotaxis. 1159 56

A patient who had complex partial seizures provoked by bathing is reported. All the attacks occurred during or immediately after bathing, irrespective of water temperature. The semiology was suggestive of a seizure focus in the mesial temporal lobe. Though there are some similarities with hot-water epilepsy, this case appears to be a distinct type of reflex epilepsy.
Seizure 2001 Oct
PMID:Bathing epilepsy. 1174 10


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