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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a review of the literature on triggering mechanisms in reflex epilepsy, we found no reported instance of drawing as the provoking factor. Recently we studied the case of a 17-year-old man with myoclonic seizures. These seizures were most effectively triggered by drawing, although occasionally they occurred spontaneously and could also be evoked by other activities requiring concentration. The results of a neurological examination were normal, and family history was unremarkable. Treatment with primidone and methsuximide has been very effective.
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PMID:Drawing-induced seizures. 11 32

Photically-induced epilepsy in Papio papio provides a convenient model for assessing the efficacy and the acute neurological toxicity of new anticonvulsant drugs prior to clinical trial. Its drug sensitivity is broadly comparable to that of generalized seizures in man. It also shares some specific properties with syndromes of reflex epilepsy in man.
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PMID:Photosensitive epilepsy in Papio papio as a model for drug studies. 22 3

The case of a patient is reported in which seizures consisting of a feeling that the left arm was absent were induced by looking through a small opening (e.g. camera view finder). The EEG showed right parietal sharp wave discharges between and during such seizures. This observation is interpreted as an example of a reflex epilepsy triggered by the specific stimulus of looking through a small opening, and involving the right parietal lobe.
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PMID:Ictal body scheme disturbance induced by looking through a small opening. 47 42

Five cerebral-palsied children and adolescents with severe startle epilepsy became seizure-free after clonazepan was introduced into their existing anticonvulsant drug regimens. The drug was withdrawn in one case because of side effects. Two hemiparetic patients who had startle epilepsy as the only epileptic manifestation remained permanently controlled after a mean of 34 months of continuous therapy. Reappearance of startle-induced seizures occurred after 1 and 4 years in two other patients with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. A possible explanation for the effectiveness of clonazepan in this form of reflex epilepsy may involve inhibition of brainstem mechanisms mediating pathologically enhanced reactions in these patients, thus avoiding secondary activation of a discharging focus in the vicinity of the motor supplementary area.
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PMID:Effectiveness of clonazepan in startle-induced seizures. 47 44

A case of hot water epilepsy is presented and the literature on the subject is reviewed. The data show that hot water epilepsy is a benign form of reflex epilepsy occurring mainly in children. Males are affected more than females. The triggering stimulus is immersion in hot water (over 37 degrees C). The seizure is usually psychomotor, although generalized convulsions may occur. The EEG findings indicate that the abnormality lies in the temporal lobe.
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PMID:Hot water epilepsy. 66 52

A case of musicogenic epilepsy or psychomotor seizures supervening whenever the patient hears a certain tune is presented. Nearly 70 cases of musicogenic epilepsy have been documented so far. The findings in these cases including those encountered by ourselves may be summarized as follows: Musicogenic epilepsy is more common among middle-aged persons. In an unexpectedly large proportion of cases the cause is unknown. Among the organic causes, head injury is of the highest incidence. It is quite unlikely that brain bumor is responsible. There is no dementia or mental retardation as in some forms of reflex epilepsy. The seizure is overwhelmingly of the psychomotor type. The EEG pattern often suggests temporal lobe epilepsy. There seems to be no cerebral dominance. Different kinds of music can be the inducer, ranging from those primarily intended to stimulate the sense to those appealing to affect. The activating mechanism of the condition still remains obscure. In the strict sense of the word, the condition cannot be termed reflex epilepsy.
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PMID:[About musicogenic epilepsy (author's transl)]. 70 53

Two potent glutamate antagonists, NBQX and GYKI 52466, that act selectively on non-NMDA receptors, have been tested for anticonvulsant activity in 3 models of reflex epilepsy (sound-induced seizures in DBA/2 mice and in genetically epilepsy-prone rats and photically-induced myoclonus in Papio papio) and in amygdala kindled rats. Both compounds potently but transiently suppress reflexly-induced epileptic responses. GYKI 52466 also reduces behavioral seizures and afterdischarge duration in amygdala kindled rats, but with a lower potency than it suppresses reflex epilepsy. These data are similar to earlier results with antagonists acting selectively on NMDA receptors; they do not support a specific involvement of enhanced AMPA receptor sensitivity as a major factor in the expression of kindled seizures.
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PMID:The effects of AMPA receptor antagonists on kindled seizures and on reflex epilepsy in rodents and primates. 133 44

Reflex epilepsy constitutes a rare form of epileptic seizures. We observed a 20-year-old man who presented with seizures induced by immersion in hot water. The trigger stimulus was specific. Contrast CT scan and MRI were all normal, not revealing any structural lesion. Ictal EEG recorded during a hot bath showed focal epileptic discharges in the left temporo-occipital area. Interictal SPECT showed a hypometabolism in the same cerebral region. Neuroimaging studies were rarely performed in this uncommon type of epilepsy. Nevertheless, in our case the result of the SPECT suggests a localized functional disturbance in the emergence of the disorder.
Seizure 1992 Sep
PMID:Hot-water epilepsy in an adult: ictal EEG, MRI and SPECT features. 134 69

Despite the fact that environmental factors have been demonstrated to be important in the genesis of seizures in people with epilepsy, such factors have received scant attention in the education of clinicians or in the provision of services for managing patients with epilepsy. This paper reviews the history of, and literature about, reflex epilepsy, with particular reference to seizures which occur in response to psychological states or stimuli, and discusses the possible implications for management, and the rationale for the use of psychological interventions which may complement drug treatments in the management of epilepsy.
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PMID:The facilitation and evocation of seizures. 154 Jul 55

We evaluated the seizure-inducing factors in 264 patients with childhood epilepsy. One hundred and thirty-six patients (51.5%) exhibited some kind of inducing factors. Non-specific inducing factors were commonly recognized, such as "febrile state" (29.2%), "fatigue after exercise" (15.2%), "sleep disturbance" (9.1%), "psychic stress" (8.3%) and "emotional change" (6.8%). Specific inducing factors, which related to reflex epilepsy, was recognized in only 7 patients. "Febrile state" was dominant in young children, but the other nonspecific inducing factors were dominant in adolescent. Incidences and kinds of inducing factors also related to the epileptic syndromes an seizure prognosis. The patients with symptomatic partial epilepsies (64.3%) and grand mal on awakening (85.7%) had significantly more inducing factors, and the patients with refractory seizures had a higher incidence and more variable kinds of inducing factors than the patients with well-controlled seizures. These results suggest that seizure-inducing factors are recognized in children as well as in adults, and the clarification of inducing factors is important to the management of epilepsy, particularly of intractable epilepsy.
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PMID:[Seizure-inducing factors in the patients with childhood epilepsy]. 159 Oct 22


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