Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present prospective study undertaken in a specialized neurological center of a developing country deals with 1,000 epileptic patients classified in accordance with the International Classification. Eighty-one percent of the patients could be classified, with a lower incidence in the younger age group. Partial epilepsy was found to be far more common than generalized epilepsy (80% versus 20%). Primary generalized epilepsy was seen in 15% and secondary generalized in 5%. Partial epilepsy with elementary symptomatology was seen in 58% and complex symptomatology in 7%. Secondarily generalized seizures were seen in the remaining 15%. Primary generalized epilepsy and partial epilepsy with complex symptomatology were more common in adults. Secondary generalized epilepsy and partial epilepsy with secondarily generalized seizures were more common in children. Partial epilepsy with elementary symptomatology, however, did not vary significantly with age. The higher incidence of partial epilepsy in our patients, compared to the West, could be due to greater frequency of CNS infections and birth injuries, which are common childhood hazards in the developing countries.
 ...
PMID:Profile of epilepsy in a developing country: a study of 1,000 patients based on the international classification. 41 69

Epilepsy starting in patients aged over 60 years is classically said to be rare, but it is in fact remarkably frequent with an incidence rate higher than 100 in 100,000. Although these figures include isolated seizures, the recurrent seizure rate is still very high. In elderly people epilepsy is more often partial than generalized, and it must be distinguished from cerebral accidents of ischaemic origin and in particular from syncopes consecutive to postural hypotension or heart disease. Late onset epilepsy is often of vascular origin, but it may also be tumoral in some cases or, less frequently, post-traumatic, alcoholic or atrophic. Idiopathic generalized epilepsy is no longer observed. Cases of undetermined cause are less common than in younger subjects.
 ...
PMID:[Epilepsy in elderly patients]. 240 81

On the prevalence day, 2,378 epileptic children were identified. Therefore, the prevalence rate for epilepsy was 8.2 per 1,000. The lowest prevalence rate was 1.2 in children under one year of age, and the highest was 11.0 at five years of age. The rate was higher for males than females. The annual incidence rate for epilepsy was estimated at 145.0 per 100,000 for 1975. The onset of seizures was high in the first three years, totaling 1,795 cases (77.7%), and this decreased after four years of age. Primary generalized epilepsy was found in 577 cases (31.7%), secondary generalized epilepsy in 167 (9.2%), partial epilepsy with elementary symptomatology in 205 (11.3%), with complex symptomatology in 61 (3.3%) and partial seizures secondarily generalized in 801 (44.5%). The study on such a number of cases had hitherto never been reported in the world.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of epilepsy in Okayama Prefecture: a neuroepidemiologic study. 383 Aug 43

A 1 year birth cohort in the provinces of Oulu and Lapland in the Northern part of Finland consisted of 12058 live-born infants, this being 96% of all children born in 1966 in this area. Information on morbidity up to the age of 14 years was collected prospectively by means of questionnaires, special examinations and from national and regional registers of hospital admissions and social services contacts. The total number of children with epilepsy, defined as the occurrence of at least one afebrile epileptic seizure, was 208, 113 boys and 95 girls. The cumulative incidences for epilepsy up to the age of 14 years was 17.3 per 1000. Primary generalised epilepsy was present in 63% and partial seizures in 37%. At least one additional handicapping condition, such as cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and visual or auditory defect was present in 74 children (35.5%). Mental retardation was the most frequent additional handicap, being present in 28%, whereas 16% of the children had cerebral palsy. A total of 75% of the children were able to attend an ordinary school. The high frequency of epilepsy in this study, as compared to other studies, is explained by the cumulative registration of the cases and a high degree of ascertainment of cases with epilepsy.
 ...
PMID:Epilepsy and associated handicaps in a 1 year birth cohort in northern Finland. 404 24

Epileptic seizures are almost as common in adolescence as in childhood. They have the same etiologies or, more often, lack any etiology, However, their clinical and electroencephalographical features are different. Primary generalized epilepsy is chiefly represented by clonic-tonic seizures, with or without myoclonias. The prognosis is better if only one type of seizure is present. Secondary generalized epilepsies are very rare. Partial epilepsies, almost as frequent as generalized epilepsies, are represented by either elementary or complex partial seizures. Elementary partial seizures are more common and usually of good prognosis. The prognosis is poor for complex partial seizures.
 ...
PMID:[Adolescence epilepsy--a clinical, electroencephalographical and prognostic study (author's transl)]. 680 7

Idiopathic generalized epilepsy is characterized by the spontaneous occurrence on the electroencephalogram of bilateral synchronous spike and wave discharges that involve the entire cortical mantle from the very onset. A central role in cortical synchronization is played by the thalamus, and in particular by the reticularis thalami nucleus, which is regarded as the pacemaker structure for the rhythmic cortical oscillations called spindle activity. Several studies have suggested that the network mechanisms which underlie spindle generation can also account for spike and wave discharges. Experimental investigations on genetic animal models of generalized epilepsy, in which seizures occur spontaneously in the absence of any inductive agent, confirmed that the thalamo-cortical system is involved in spike and wave discharge generation. According to these studies a genetically determined dysfunction in reticularis thalami neurons may alter the electroresponsiveness of the developing thalamo cortical system and cause a persistent state of abnormal excitation.
 ...
PMID:Thalamic regulation of epileptic spike and wave discharges. 778 71

Sex steroid peripheral pattern, pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, gonadotropin and prolactin responses to LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were studied in 35 male epileptics treated with phenobarbital (PB), carbamazepine (CBZ), or phenytoin (PHT), and in age-matched healthy males. Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) was diagnosed in 12 cases and partial epilepsy (PE) in 23 cases. Patients were seizure-free and did not show EEG abnormalities at repeated controls in the last 5 years, so that interfering effects of seizures were possibly excluded. The aim of the study was to evaluate both the role of epileptic syndromes and of anti-epileptic drugs on the endocrine function. Changes in sex hormone binding globulin, total and free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and delta 4-androstenedione were found to be independent of the epileptic syndrome type. The LH response to LHRH was lower in PB-treated PE than in IGE subjects on the same drug regimen. An impairment of LH pulsatility with respect to controls was found in PE but not in IGE patients taking PB. Among antiepileptic drugs, PHT is associated with higher sex hormone binding globulin and estradiol and lower free testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels. PB and CBZ, but not PHT, blunt the LH response to exogenous LHRH in PE. Prolactin responses to TRH were consistently enhanced in PE subjects treated with CBZ or PHT.
 ...
PMID:Sex hormones, gonadotropins and prolactin in male epileptic subjects in remission: role of the epileptic syndrome and of antiepileptic drugs. 796 56

The role of the inter-ictal EEG in predicting seizure relapse after antiepileptic drug withdrawal (AED-W) is unclear. A prospective study on AED-W is in progress. This trial includes routine and sleep EEG recordings every 3 and 6 months, respectively, at each step of the drug discontinuation and periodically during follow-up. Data obtained for 136 patients (mean age 23.2 years; 63 with Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy IGE, 73 with Partial Cryptogenic or Symptomatic Epilepsy PE; without associated neuropsychiatric handicap; with at least 1 year of follow-up after AED-W) were analysed. EEG recordings from seizure onset were available for all patients. Data were analysed separately in IGE and PE patients. The presence of inter-ictal epileptiform abnormalities (IEAs) at the seizure onset and just before AED-W does not seem to predict the AED-W outcome. However, results indicate an association between persisting and increased IEAs during AED-W and a higher relapse rate in both groups, which was statistically significant in the IGE patients.
Seizure 1993 Sep
PMID:Drug withdrawal in patients with epilepsy: prognostic value of the EEG. 816 85

Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) is characterized by recurring generalized seizures in the absence of detectable brain lesions and/or metabolic abnormalities. Twin and family studies suggest that genetic factors play a key part in IGE. A multilocus model appears to best fit the observed inheritance patterns. Mapping of IGE-related genes has been previously attempted using parametric methods, with conflicting results. In particular, recent evidence argues both for and against a chromosome 6p locus (EJM1) for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, a subtype of IGE. We have approached the problem of mapping IGE loci using non-parametric methods, which have recently been successful for other complex diseases. No evidence for linkage to chromosome 6p was obtained. However, we obtained evidence for involvement of a locus at chromosome 8q24, close to the marker D8S256. The same 8q24 region was previously implicated in families with benign neonatal familial convulsions (BNFC), a generalized epilepsy syndrome that is inherited as a simple dominant mendelian trait. There is an apparent conserved syntenic group of genes in human 8q24 and a region of mouse chromosome 15, which harbors the stargazer (stg) locus. Homozygous mutant mice at the stg locus show a form of generalized epilepsy that resembles human absence epilepsy. Our findings may have implications for a locus on 8q24 predisposing to IGE.
 ...
PMID:Mapping of genes predisposing to idiopathic generalized epilepsy. 852 9

Sleep deprivation (SD) is a method widely used to activate EEG epilept oform activity, but the basis of this effect remains unknown. One possibilty is that SD shares a common mechanism with physical and psychological stresses that also precipitate seizures. Because endogenous opioids are released during stress, opioids may play a role in enhancing epileptiform EEG patterns after SD. We report the effects of SD on EEG epileptiform activity in a small but highly homogeneous population of 13 epileptic patients with idiopathic (primary) generalized epilepsy (IGE). SD increased EEG interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs); this activation was not modified by naloxone (NAL). Our results, in contrast to those of previous investigations of localization-related epilepsy, which showed an increase in IEDs after NAL administration, suggest a possible difference in the mechanism whereby SD enhances IEDs in IGE and localization-related epilepsy.
 ...
PMID:Failure of naloxone to modify electroencephalogram interictal epileptiform discharges in patients with primary generalized epilepsy after slation. 860 25


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>