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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six cases of epileptic children are reported, in whom anticonvulsant therapy, aggravated rather than controlled the seizures or induced minor seizures. This was caused by excessive polytherapy in one case and by the use of the inappropriate drug (for that type of epilepsy) in four other cases. In the sixth case, the appropriate anticonvulsant was used, but it induced multiple astatic-myoclonic seizures. This phenomenon of drug-induced seizures is apt to occur particularly in certain types of childhood epilepsy that are refractory to therapy and are accompanied by slow spike-wave discharges in the EEG, such as the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
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PMID:Seizures induced or aggravated by anticonvulsants. 378 Jun 7

Ten patients, referred to the Austin Hospital for possible surgery to alleviate intractable epilepsy, were found to have large local atrophic lesions on CT head scans. Detailed analysis of seizure patterns showed that tonic seizures constituted the main seizure type. In addition the histories of all 10 patients showed absences, atonic seizures and mental deterioration. In half the subjects there were psychomotor elements in some seizures. The clinical diagnosis of Lennox Gastaut syndrome was made. EEG findings were notable for the appearance of bilateral slow spike-wave activity and also tonic seizure fast activity in all patients. Seemingly focal emphasis of abnormal EEG activity, especially spike and spike-wave elements, prompted the use of long-term videomonitoring with intracerebral electrodes in eight patients. In four of these, marked focal emphasis of tonic fast activity in actual seizure recordings provided the basis for local ablative surgery in the expectation of removal of the epileptic focus. In all four cases this surgery was unsuccessful. It would seem, therefore, that though the focal structural lesion and the seizures probably stemmed from the same source, surgery to the lesion did not effect the removal of an 'epileptic focus'. Tonic seizures would seem to be a generalized form of epilepsy and in these patients their presence and the significance thereof were vital to appropriate management.
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PMID:Adult Lennox Gastaut syndrome: patients with large focal structural lesions. 384 11

A benzodiazepine drug, clobazam, was evaluated in 14 refractory epileptic patients, nine of whom received the drug double-blind. Ten patients have been given clobazam long enough to assess results. Four showed marked benefit, four failed to respond and two showed a transient benefit which was maintained by dose changes of both clobazam and clonazepam. Side effects were minimal; doses ranged from 15 to 60 mg per day. Clobazam may have place in the treatment of the Lennox Gastaut syndrome and other types of refractory seizures.
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PMID:Clinical experience with clobazam: a new 1,5 benzodiazepine in the treatment of refractory epilepsy. 384 17

A series of 25 adults with Lennox Gastaut syndrome is described, with special reference to the occurrence of clinical features resembling complex partial seizures. The majority of the patients showed seizure patterns that at one time or another had been mistaken for temporal lobe epilepsy. The use of video-monitoring to make the definitive diagnosis in this condition becomes most important when the true inaccuracy of eyewitness descriptions of seizure patterns becomes evident, and the implications for the patient of the refractory nature of the tonic seizure is also revealed. This aspect of Lennox Gastaut syndrome does not seem to have been emphasized in series dealing with younger patients and it may well be that adult patients tend to display these characteristics which render diagnosis more difficult.
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PMID:Adult Lennox Gastaut syndrome: features and diagnostic problems. 384 28

Out of over 100 children with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome observed in the Outpatient Clinic and Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children's Health Center the authors present 6 cases in which the course of the disease was progressive and devastating. The main signs were astatic-myoclonic and generalized seizures, regression of psychomotor development, followed by mental regression, pareses of extremities, decortication symptoms and somatic cachexia. The authors suggest that the clinical course, the character of epileptic seizures very poor prognosis in certain children with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome make the syndrome similar in its clinical aspects to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and require careful differential diagnosis for excluding the latter disease.
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PMID:[Epilepsy with myoclonic-astatic attacks (Lennox-Gastaut syndrome) with particularly unfavorable course]. 393 Sep 80

A 10-year-old girl with a mass lesion in the left deep frontal lobe was reported. Clinically, seizures occurred at 3 years and 8 months and became intractable around the age of 5.5 years. EEG initially showed focal spikes on the left fronto-central area and later developed into diffuse slow spike and wave complexes (DSSW). Her seizures were clinically different from those in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. After a left frontal lobectomy, her intractable seizures completely disappeared with marked EEG improvement and without any neurological deficit. Radiological findings before the operation suggested that the expanding effects extended to the deep temporal structures, adjacent to the frontal lobe. These structures, deep frontal and temporal lobes, both or either, were assumed to be involved in generating DSSW in this case.
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PMID:Effects of neurosurgical treatment on diffuse slow spike and wave complex: a case of left frontal mass lesion with diffuse slow spike and wave complex (DSSW). 393 70

Prominent neurologic abnormalities were observed in six patients with epidermal or linear sebaceous nevi (organoid nevi). These cases were remarkable for unilateral facial nevi, cognitive impairment, seizures, and focal or lateralized epileptic EEG abnormalities. Additional manifestations included the onset of seizures in the neonatal period, unilateral hypsarrhythmia or Lennox-Gastaut EEG pattern, hemiparesis, asymmetric macrocephaly, and somatic growth disturbances. The full expression of this disorder was not apparent at birth, but emerged gradually during infancy. The neurologic abnormalities in these patients were attributed to unilateral or asymmetric malformations of the CNS as demonstrated by computed tomography. A lateralized disorder of neuroectodermal proliferation, differentiation, and migration could account for both the cutaneous and neurologic abnormalities in this disorder. The striking clinical similarities in these patients suggest a close link between epidermal and linear sebaceous nevi.
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PMID:Neurologic manifestations of the organoid nevus syndrome. 397 53

The West syndrome and the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome are characterized by their onset in infancy and early childhood, intractable seizures occurring almost daily, severe psychomotor retardation, and poor prognosis. Among handicapped children, they offer the most serious problems in daily care at home or in institutions because of frequent attacks and marked retardation. A nationwide survey in Japan was performed to elucidate the natural history of these two syndromes.
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PMID:West syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: a survey of natural history. 624 68

The long-term prognosis of 192 surviving children with the syndrome of infantile spasms was evaluated. The children had been admitted to three paediatric hospitals in Helsinki at the time of initial diagnosis. The aetiological factors of the syndrome were carefully studied in each case. ACTH therapy was employed in 162, usually for about six weeks. The follow-up study 3-19 (mean 10.4) years later was made at the Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki. The rate of mortality was 19.6 per cent. Normal development was seen in 12 per cent and slightly subnormal in 10.4 per cent of the surviving children. Psychiatric disorders were seen in 27.6 per cent of the survivors. Sensory defects were also common. Severe cerebral palsy was seen in 4 per cent. Other seizures after cessation of the infantile spasms were seen in 60 per cent. Serial EEG studies showed that the temporal lobe was the most common site of abnormality. Abnormalities in the temporal lobes were seen frequently in children with symptomatic neonatal hypoglycaemia as a probable cause of the spasms. Prognostically favourable factors were "idiopathic" aetiology, normal development and not other fits prior to the spasms, short treatment lag, good response to ACTH and short duration of the spasms. In this study early treatment seemed to be of great importance even with regard to mental development. The factors connected with a bad outcome were: symptomatic aetiology (especially brain malformations, early infections and tuberous sclerosis), slow development before spasms, other seizures before infantile spasms, early onset of the spasms, long treatment lag, long duration of the spasms and other later occurrence of myoclonic-astatic seizures (Lennox-Gastaut). Large doses of ACTH (120-160 units) were not associated with a better prognosis than the smaller doses (20-40 units). The benefit of long versus short treatment schedules could not be evaluated in this study. The relapse rate here was 32 per cent.
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PMID:A long-term follow-up study of 214 children with the syndrome of infantile spasms. 628 79

This report concerns 844 children with Down syndrome under 15 years of age. Of the 844 cases with Down syndrome, 1.4% have epilepsy at the present time. The types of seizures are as follows; infantile spasms in 4 cases (30.8%), generalized tonic-clonic convulsions in 6 (46.1%), Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in 1 (7.7%) and psychomotor seizure in 2 (15.4%). The onset of seizure was high in the first two years (73.7%). The occurrence of epilepsy in Down syndrome in childhood did not differ from that in the general population, but infantile spasms were prevalent in Down syndrome.
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PMID:Epilepsy in childhood Down syndrome. 632 19


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