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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A one-year-old male with seizures and developmental delay was found to have a ring 14 chromosome without a major band deletion. This brings the number of documented r(14) cases to seven. These patients have focal cerebral atrophy with seizures as their dominant manifestation, together with few minor facial anomalies. This combination suggests that abnormalities in the 14 chromosome may result in rather nonspecific central nervous system maldevelopment and dysfunction and raises the possibility that unexplained seizures with minor anomalies and mental retardation may warrant chromosome investigation.
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PMID:Ring 14 chromosome: association with seizures. 617 Feb 24

Computed tomography was carried out in two groups of chronic alcoholics diagnosed according to the research diagnostic criteria, one with and the other without epileptic seizures. The sizes of the ventricles and the extracerebral spaces were compared with those of a control group, in order to examine the possible role of cerebral atrophy in precipitating epileptic fits in chronic alcoholics. Although a severe degree of atrophy was demonstrated in both groups, no difference was found between alcoholics with and without seizures. However, by correlating the sizes of different spaces, a more generalized atrophy was found in alcoholics with seizures. Thus, cerebral atrophy in a more generalized form may play a yet undefined role in precipitating epileptic attacks.
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PMID:Epileptic seizures and cerebral atrophy in alcoholics. 618 55

We studied, in a "blind" and quantitative fashion, the density of cerebellar Purkinje cells in 17 adult cases of Huntington's disease (HD), 17 patients with other movement disorders, 17 with schizophrenia, and 23 normal controls. There was a highly significant reduction in Purkinje cell density in HD compared with any of the other three groups. A much smaller difference in neuronal density between patients with other movement disorders and normal controls was barely significant. Eight of the 17 HD patients and only 1 of the other 57 subjects had Purkinje cell density less than 50% of the mean for the normal controls. The low density of Purkinje cells in HD could not be attributed to aging, seizures, or cause of death, nor was it merely a part of a generalized brain atrophy. The loss of large Purkinje cells suggests that the neuronal loss in HD may not be restricted to small and medium-size neurons.
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PMID:Reduced Purkinje cell density in Huntington's disease. 620 75

We have reported a case of transplacentally transmitted herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in association with both congenital malformations and other serious abnormalities, including facial abnormalities, microcephaly, cerebral atrophy, and microscopic cranial calcifications. Before death, the infant showed marked neurologic deficits, seizures, and respiratory distress. Serum IgM and complement fixing antibodies to HSV were elevated at birth. Light and electron microscopy and immunofluorescence studies confirmed the presence of the virus.
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PMID:Herpes simplex virus and congenital malformations. 631 63

Among 26 patients suffering from Epilepsia Partialis Continua, 2 major groups were observed. The first, resulting from a fixed lesion of the rolandic area, showed electro-clinical correlation of seizures; the latter disappeared during sleep; clinical and radiological follow-up failed to disclose any worsening of the cerebral lesion. The second group was characterized by progressive mental and motor deterioration, lack of electro-clinical correlation of fits, persistence of the latter during sleep and frank increase of cerebral atrophy observed on serial neuroradiological examinations. This easily recognized group seems to result from a progressive inflammatory disease of unknown cause.
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PMID:[Nosological aspects of epilepsia partialis continua in children]. 642 Dec 61

A case of the rare juvenile form of Kearns-Shy syndrome with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and lid ptosis, carditis, skeletal muscle weakness, seizures, mental subnormality, short stature, EEG abnormality and deafness is presented. Electromyography revealed a myopathic pattern. Histochemical studies on quadriceps biopsy specimens showed atrophy of type II fibers and "ragged-red fibers." On electron microscopy these muscle cells were seen to contain an increased amount of glycogen particles and abnormal mitochondria were increased in number and size. It is of interest that abrupt deterioration of neurological findings such as seizures, mental subnormality, speech disturbance and deafness was present in our case. Computed tomographic scanning showed progressive changes of cerebral atrophy, low density of cerebral white matter and basal ganglia calcification, which were well associated with the clinical deterioration. A review of the literature also indicated that some patients with this syndrome showed abrupt neurological deterioration in childhood. Involvement of the central nervous system in this syndrome has to be considered as the cause of sudden deterioration and death in childhood.
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PMID:Neurologic deterioration with progressive CT changes in a child with Kearns-Shy syndrome. 648 80

The authors report a case of Menkes' syndrome, probably the first one described in Brazil. The patient, a 15-month-old boy, showed pili torti, early progressive psychomotor deterioration and seizures. Serum levels of ceruloplasmin and copper were very low. Neuroradiological and roentgenological examinations revealed diffuse cerebral atrophy, arterial changes and bone abnormalities. At the post-mortem examination the more consistent findings were cerebral atrophy, neuronal loss in the thalamus and above all cerebellar cortical lesions. The disease has a sex-linked recessive inheritance and is believed to be caused by an inborn error of copper metabolism, perhaps subordinated to changes of proteins which carry copper to different tissues. The relevant literature in relation to the pathogenesis is reviewed.
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PMID:[Menkes syndrome: review of the pathogenesis apropos of a clinico-pathological case]. 649 17

Three cases are presented, in two of which the CNS lesions revealed the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The diagnosis of SLE was certain according to the criteria of the ARA, and it was further confirmed by results of renal needle puncture biopsy. Case 1: A 16-year-old adolescent developed choreic movements followed, one month later, by psychotic symptoms suggesting a mixed hebephrenic-catatonic schizophrenic affection. Cutaneous lesions and signs of renal insufficiency 3 months later established that these disorders were related to SLE. A favourable outcome was observed rapidly for the systemic signs, recovery from neuropsychic symptoms being obtained after 3 months only but then in a few days. This course suggests the diagnosis of a "functional psychosis" of lupus origin. Case 2: A 24-year-old woman developed left hemiparesis followed by febrile coma. The slowly favourable course of the disease led to the appearance of a progressive dementia, with numerous epileptic seizures. Although tests for antinuclear antibodies were negative and the ESR was normal, several minor biological anomalies were suggestive of a systemic disease and the diagnosis of SLE was finally established. Corticotherapy produced only slight transient improvement. This progression towards dementia with progressive cerebral atrophy is most probably related to cerebral lupus lesions, the initial coma in the absence of any other apparent cause possibly being the first sign. Case 3: A 47-year-old woman developed simultaneously or separately episodes of arthralgia and uveitis of unknown origin over a 12-year period, and attacks of regressive multilocular neurological deficiency over a 15-year period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus]. 671 10

Generalized tonic-clonic epileptic seizures appearing in elderly subjects have been recognized for a long time. The E.E.G. was able to distinguish two types: primary generalized epilepsy, and a secondary type of late onset which can be definitely separated from the group of partial epilepsies with generalized secondary fits by means of scanography. In fact, 60% of generalized attacks in the elderly are due to cerebral involution only. The authors suggest, therefore, that the group of secondary generalized epilepsies be enlarged to include this variety of late-onset generalized epilepsy, which appears to be related to the existence of diffuse cerebral lesions as shown by the cerebral atrophy demonstrated by the use of C.T. scan.
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PMID:[Possible late-onset secondary generalized epilepsy. contribution of computed tomography (author's transl)]. 679 93

Of 102 patients with bacterial meningitis admitted to the Children's Hospital of Buenos Aires, 25 were selected for computed tomographic (CT) scans on the basis of altered consciousness for more than 96 hours after admission, persistent or recurrent seizures after 72 hours of antibiotic therapy, development of focal neurologic signs, increased intracranial pressure or prolonged fever. Scan findings included hydrocephalus, cerebritis, vasculitis, subdural effusion, cerebral atrophy, abscess, and ependymitis. Serial CT scans demonstrated the progression or regression of some complications. The CT scan was very useful in indicating the need for neurosurgical procedures.
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PMID:Computed tomography in purulent meningitis. 697 22


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