Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study shows our clinical and therapeutical experience in 48 cases of infant COFA intoxication admitted in the Intensive Care Unit of "Emilio Civit Children Hospital", Mendoza, Argentina in a periode of seven years. They were investigated to determine the presence of Parathion in blood and gastric washing with the sodium hydroxide qualitative method, and also cholinesterase was detected in blood with a colorimetric method (the monotest cholinesterase). Age range from one to ten years with predominance from 3 to 4 years; 27 were males and 21 females. In almost all the cases (90%) the toxic ingressed through several ways, and from 10 to 30 minutes appeared the characteristic signs: miosis and bronchorrhea. Clinically in 30 cases the intoxication was considered dangerous and mild in the others. The data obtained by laboratory techniques were diagnostic only in half of the cases. Atropine's sulphate was done to all cases until their recuperation, in doses from 2.5 mg to 20 mg. The evolution was highly satisfactory, only two died and two remained with seizures. Always had thanklessness and carelessness with the child from living together adults, who playing handle and waste the toxic. In two occasions the intoxication was familiar by contaminated food.
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PMID:[Parathion poisoning]. 275 76

The organic phosphorous compounds (OPC) include both the military grade nerve agents and the organic phosphorous pesticides. The major mechanism of OPC toxicity is through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in neuronal synapses leading to excess acetylcholine and overstimulation of target organs. Signs and symptoms depend on the affinity of the OPC for muscarinic versus nicotinic receptors, and are likely to include both. Muscarinic symptoms may include diarrhea, urination, bronchospasm, bronchorrhea, emesis, and salivation. Nicotinic symptoms such as paralysis and fasciculations may also occur. Central nervous system toxicity may include seizures, altered mental status, and apnea, and require prompt intervention. Treatment includes early airway and ventilatory support as well as antidotal therapy with atropine, pralidoxime, and diazepam. Goals of therapy include prevention and rapid treatment of hypoxia and seizures, as these are linked to patient outcome.
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PMID:Organic phosphorus compounds--nerve agents. 1616 8

Nerve agents (NA) are simple and cheap to produce but can produce casualties on a massive scale. They have already been employed by terrorist organizations and rogue states on civilians and armed forces alike. By inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholine esterase, NAs prevent the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This results in over-stimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in the autonomic and central nervous systems and at the neuromuscular junction. Increased parasympathetic stimulation produces miosis, sialorrhea, bronchospasm and bronchorrhea. Effects at the neuromuscular junction cause weakness, fasciculations, and eventually paralysis. Central effects include altered behavior and mental status, loss of consciousness, seizures, or apnea. Most deaths are due to respiratory failure. Treatment with atropine competitively blocks the parasympathetic effects. Oximes like pralidoxime salvage acetylcholine esterase by "prying off" NA, provided the attachment has not "aged" to an irreversible bond. This reverses weakness. Benzodiazepines like diazepam are effective against NA induced seizures. Mortality has been surprisingly low. If victims can survive the first 15 to 20 min of a vapor attack, they will likely live. The low mortality rate to date underscores that attacks are survivable and research reveals even simple barriers such as clothing offer substantial protection. This article reviews the properties of NAs and how to recognize the clinical features of NA intoxication, employ the needed drugs properly, and screen out anxious patients who mistakenly believe they have been exposed.
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PMID:The acute treatment of nerve agent exposure. 1694 86

Intoxication with organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CM) compounds is a common reason for presentation to the Emergency Department (ED) in La Paz, Bolivia. The objective of this study was to describe the demographics, presenting symptoms, and hospital course of patients presenting with OP or CM intoxication to the ED of the Hospital de Clinicas, La Paz, Bolivia, with the aim of determining which factors might predict a complicated hospital course. This was a retrospective chart review, using predefined criteria, of 300 patients who presented from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2003. The intoxications were all oral, mostly intentional (97%), and in young patients (mean age 23.9 years, range 13-62 years). Females outnumbered males almost 2:1. The most common symptoms on presentation were abdominal pain (83%), nausea/vomiting (79%), miosis (72%), bronchorrhea (44%), diarrhea (41%), and fasciculations (31%). The most frequent complications were aspiration (18%), cardiopulmonary arrest (9%), and seizure (7%); mortality was 6%. Treatments included gastric lavage in 96% of patients, and atropine (median 5 mg per patient, range 0-48 mg). Miosis, bronchorrhea, diarrhea, and fasciculations at presentation were associated with a higher rate of complications. Although almost all intoxications were suicide attempts, less than half of patients received a psychiatric consultation. OP intoxication is a common cause of self-inflicted morbidity and mortality among young people in La Paz, Bolivia. Presence of miosis, bronchorrhea, diarrhea, and fasciculations at presentation suggest a higher likelihood of complications.
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PMID:Organophosphate and carbamate intoxication in La Paz, Bolivia. 1843 88