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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical and EEG features of 53 out-patients with benign partial epilepsy of childhood with rolandic spikes were studied. The age mean (years) of seizures onset was 5.5 +/- 3.2. Simple partial seizures with speech arrest were more frequent than other seizure types. In seven cases (13.2%) cognitive disabilities were present. In the left-side foci a expected correlation between the interictal EEG focus and clinical lateralization of seizure was observed; in the right-side foci, the right-side interictal focus was correlated with ipsilateral seizures.
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PMID:[Rolandic epilepsy: report of 53 cases]. 181 Feb 32

Epileptic seizures due to thrombotic cerebral infarction were studied in 118 patients. The occurrence of seizures had a bimodal distribution with one peak period within 2 weeks and another peak period from 6 to 12 months after stroke. Four patients had seizures preceding stroke, while 23 patients without a history of previous stroke had "silent infarct" on the CT scan. Fifteen patients (13%) had status epilepticus. Simple partial seizures occurred in 56% of patients, complex partial seizures in 24% and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in 4%. Epilepsy developed in 35% of patients with early seizures and in 90% of patients with late seizures.
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PMID:Epileptic seizures in thrombotic stroke. 237 May 64

Although partial seizures occur frequently in childhood, the clinical and EEG manifestations have not been well described. Clinical and EEG features of 198 partial seizures in 56 children with seizures recorded during videotape monitoring with simultaneous telemetered EEG recordings were analyzed. Simple partial seizures were short in duration and consisted primarily of motor symptoms and were not associated with postictal impairment. Complex partial seizures were longer and could be categorized into four subgroups based on the initial clinical manifestations: staring, automatisms, motor phenomena, and drop attacks. All complex partial seizures were associated with changes in facial expressions, and in 87% of the patients automatic behaviors occurred either initially or at some point during the seizures. Unlike simple partial seizures, complex partial seizures were often associated with postictal symptoms. Although complex partial seizures were variable in manifestations from patient to patient, in children with more than one seizure recorded clinical events were usually stereotyped.
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PMID:Partial seizures in children. 308 64

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether paroxysmal EEG activity (PA) occurs randomly over time and whether seizures arise at time of maximum PA. 204 ambulatory recordings (A/EEG) in 197 adult epileptic outpatients have been were included. The patients' seizures were grouped according to ILAE classification: Simple partial seizures; complex partial seizures (CPS), isolated or secondarily generalized; idiopathic generalized seizures: epilepsy with myoclonic absences, generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) on awakening, GTCS with photo-sensitivity; undetermined epilepsies: "grand mal morpheique", epilepsies with generalized PA without photosensitivity or with All recordings were performed with a 8-channel 24 h cassette recorder system (Medilog 9,000). The video play-back speed used was 20 times the recording speed to allow good detection, characterization and localization of PA. Counting was accomplished by visual analysis. No PA during A/EEG was noted in 24.5 p. 100 of all cases. A diurnal distribution in wakefulness was found in 59 p. 100 of idiopathic generalized epilepsies, PA usually occurring on awakening whatever the specific time of day; in 27 p. 100 of CPS and 20 p. 100 of undetermined epilepsies, with peak PA occurrence at late morning and 6 pm. During resting-state and afternoon-naps, PA occurrence was mainly seen in CPS. PA occurring only in overnight sleep was observed in 17 p. 100 of CPS and 20 p. 100 of undetermined epilepsies. PA distribution pattern in both CPS and undetermined epilepsies suggests an ultradian rhythm (time-dependent). On the other hand, PA pattern in idiopathic generalized epilepsies support the hypothesis of a circadian rhythm linked to sleep/wake--or light/dark--cycle (state-dependent).
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PMID:[The timing of crisis and day-night distribution of paroxysmal EEG activities: a study on 197 epileptic patients]. 311 42

Cerebral granulomas, due to infections, have been rarely reported as a cause of late onset epilepsy. The incidence of cerebral granulomas was 7% in this prospective study of 56 consecutive patients with onset of seizures after the age of 20 years. Other main causes included cerebral tumours (20%), arteriovenous malformations (5%) and cerebrovascular disease (15% amongst patients with onset of seizures above the age of 40 years). The incidence of structural abnormalities was higher with increasing age at the onset of seizures and declined with long duration of history of epilepsy. Simple partial seizures were strongly associated with structural abnormalities (86%) as opposed to complex partial (33%) and generalised tonic-clonic seizures (33%).
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PMID:Causes of late onset epilepsy in Saudi Arabia: the role of cerebral granuloma. 381 61

Kevin suffered a severe Reye's encephalopathy at the age of 11 weeks which left him severely brain damaged. Simple partial seizures started in the recovery phase and were controlled by carbamazepine. He went on to develop symptomatic infantile spasms that were controlled by the addition of clonazepam. He became progressively microcephalic and investigations confirmed cortical blindness and left hemiparesis. Subsequent seizure types included absences and troublesome generalized myoclonic seizures. Now almost six, he attends a special school and is well controlled on a regimen of sodium valproate, clonazepam and lamotrigine.
Seizure 1994 Dec
PMID:Case summary: Kevin. 789 48

Vigabatrin (VGB) has been shown through several studies to be safe and effective as add-on therapy, particularly for the treatment of partial seizures in patients with severe epilepsies followed for years in hospital-based clinics. We now report additional clinical experience with VGB arising from an open trial of add-on VGB therapy in patients with relatively few seizures followed by qualified neurologists in private practice (the French Neurologists Sabril Study Group). VGB was administered to 397 patients aged 12-74 years (mean age = 37.5 +/- 13.8 years) who presented with no more than seven partial seizures of any type per month during a 3-month baseline period (mean number of seizures = 3.7 +/- 1.9/month). Simple partial seizures were reported in 121 (30.5%) patients, complex partial seizures in 282 (71.0%) and seizures with secondary generalization were reported in 111 (28.0%). The mean number of associated antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) was 1.9 +/- 0.9 and the mean dose of VGB was 2.21 +/- 0.64 g/day. Following introduction of VGB, 53 (13.4%) became seizure-free and remained so during the whole trial. During the fourth month of treatment, 158 patients (39.8%) had no seizures at all and a further 69 (17.4%) had their seizure frequency reduced by more than 50%. Secondary generalization was controlled during the whole period of treatment in 55 out of 97 patients (56.7%), 17 of which remained free of all types of partial seizures. VGB showed a good tolerability profile; adverse experiences more frequently reported were drowsiness and sleep disturbances. No action was necessary in the great majority of cases; the dose was reduced in 26 (6.5%) and VGB was discontinued in 32 (8%) patients. These data provide additional evidence that VGB can be used safely early on to treat patients with mild to moderate partial epilepsies. Secondary generalization was controlled in the majority of patients. Factors associated with the everyday clinical use of VGB, that resulted from a series of organized meetings with the investigators, are discussed.
Seizure 1997 Jun
PMID:Multicentre clinical evaluation of vigabatrin (Sabril) in mild to moderate partial epilepsies. French Neurologists Sabril Study Group. 920 52

The efficacy and safety of gabapentin as add-on therapy for refractory partial seizures in 237 children, aged 3 to 12 years were evaluated over a 6-month period. All children received gabapentin at 24 to 70 mg/kg/day. Efficacy variables included the percent change in seizure frequency and the responder rate (defined as those patients who showed >50% reduction in seizure frequency). For all partial seizures, the median percent change in seizure frequency was -34% and the overall responder rate was 34%. Simple partial seizures showed a median reduction of -53%; complex partial seizures, -38%; and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures, -35%. Thirteen patients (5%) withdrew during the 6-month period because of adverse events. Concurrent antiepileptic medication remained unchanged in 185 patients (78%), was decreased in 27 (11%), and increased in 25 (11%) patients. This 6-month follow-up study has demonstrated that gabapentin was well tolerated and appeared to show a sustained efficacy in a large population of children with refractory partial and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
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PMID:Gabapentin as add-on therapy in children with refractory partial seizures: a 24-week, multicentre, open-label study. 1130 5

In the course of experiments on focal epilepsy in rats, we have recognized that there are no adequate models of subacute focal epilepsy in rodents. We have, therefore, reevaluated a previously described rat model that reliably generates subacute seizures over 2-3 weeks. After implantation of a short length of cobalt wire into the left motor cortex, the animals are monitored by standard EEG over the next 3 weeks. They develop three seizure types: 1. Simple partial seizures with contralateral clonic jerks, lasting 17.9 +/- 46.4 min; these seizures were characterized by repetitive single spikes; 2. Secondarily generalized seizures, lasting 34.5 +/- 19.0 s; and 3. Complex partial seizures with a paroxysmal EEG, lasting 39.6 +/- 55.5 s. Post mortem brains were imaged using standard magnetic resonance techniques, after removal of the ferromagnetic cobalt wire. There was a localized loss of the MR signal that differed by pulse sequence, indicating spread of the ferromagnetic cobalt into the brain tissue. The image disruption caused by the cobalt was quite abrupt, indicating a sharp cobalt concentration gradient. However, we saw no evidence of widespread cerebral injury. The unilateral cobalt wire model generates less frequent, but more persistent seizures than seen in most acute, focal models. The ferromagnetic signal present, even after wire removal, indicates that metallic cobalt leaches into the cortex and may be responsible for generating the seizures. This model should be useful for testing new therapies for neocortical epilepsy.
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PMID:The unilateral cobalt wire model of neocortical epilepsy: a method of producing subacute focal seizures in rodents. 1545 Oct 16

Prevalence of depression among the people with epilepsy is between 40 and 75%, which is higher than in population and among the patients with other chronic illness. Higher percentage of suicides and hospitalizations due to affective disorders make the diagnosis and evaluation of risk factors very important for further treatment. The following study has been performed on the group of one hundred patients with epilepsy lasting more than 5 years, aged 16-55, who were hospitalized or consulted in 2001 year. Depression was diagnosed on the basis of ICD-10 diagnostic scheme using Beck, Hamilton and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scales. Patients were divided into three groups (with depression, dysthymia and controls). For statistical analysis chi2 (Fisher exact test) and Mann-Whitney test were used. Comparing to controls, the complex partial seizures or simple partial and complex ones were seen more often in patients with depression (p < 0.003) and in patients with dysthymia comparing to controls ones (p < 0.001). All types of epileptic seizures analyzed during one month revealed statistically significant differences between the groups (Mann-Whitney test: controls vs dysthymic ones p < 0.02; controls vs depression ones p < 0.03). Simple partial seizures and (or) complex partial ones and high percentage of complex ones were found to be statistically significant risk factors for depression and dysthymia.
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PMID:[Description of mood disorder in patients with epilepsy]. 1551 28


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