Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pharmacological kindling was induced in rats by corazol repeated injections in subthreshold doses. The peptide-containing fraction was emitted from animal brains by the help of hot acetic acid on the stage of generalized clonic-tonic seizures development. Intraperitoneal injection of brain extracts of kindled rats significantly increased corazol and picrotoxin induced seizure severity in mice. The effect was removed by preliminary injection of naloxone or by preventive incubation of extracts with pronase. Intraventricular injection of extracts to intact rats increased the seizure severity which was provoked by corazol and in high doses induced in rats generalized seizure reactions.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of brain extracts from rats subjected to korazol kindling on generalized epileptic activity]. 271 61

With a combination of electrolytic lesion and choline acetyltransferase histochemistry, Kimura et al. suggested that cholinergic neurons in the substantia innominata (SI) plays an important role in accessing non-motor structure, such as the amygdala (AM), to the motor system during AM kindling. More recent studies demonstrated that intra-SI injection of GABAergic agent or excitatory amino acid antagonist suppresses the kindled generalized convulsion without blocking afterdischarge (AD) generation in the AM. In order to gain further insight into the role played by the SI in AM kindling, we examined the comparative electroclinical features of AM and SI kindling in addition to the transferability of the SI to the ipsilateral AM. Male Wistar rats were electrically kindled at the left AM or the left SI at the AD threshold (ADT) until five consecutive Stage 5 generalized convulsions were evoked. Subsequently, the stimulus intensity was gradually reduced and the last intensity to induce Stage 5 seizure was designated as the generalized seizure triggering threshold (GST). Following the determination of the GST, the SI stimulation was switched to the ipsilateral AM. All the animals were perfused and electrode placements were identified histologically. The electrode placements distributed in the medial SI (N = 5), lateral SI (N = 9), Globus Pallidum (GP) (N = 5) and Nucleus Accumbens (NA) (N = 2). All electrodes of the AM (N = 9) were located within the AM. The 3/5 of GP rats kindled, while the 2/5 did not kindle. The 2/2 of NA rats kindled.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Substantia innominata kindling in rats]. 271 64

Aminophylline (A) is a proconvulsant in adult rats. We studied the effect of A on amygdala kindling in 15-day-old rat pups. Production of generalized seizures was significantly promoted by A at doses ranging from 10 to 100 mg/kg. Terminal status epilepticus (TSE) was produced in 33% of pups receiving 25 mg/kg A, 75% of pups receiving 50 mg/kg A, and 100% of pups receiving 100 mg/kg A. The number of stimuli needed to produce a stage 4-5 generalized seizure was significantly smaller in animals receiving 10 mg/kg A (5.7 +/- 3.4), 25 mg/kg A (3.4 +/- 2.4), 50 mg/kg A (1.9 +/- 1.4), or 100 mg/kg A (1.9 +/- 1.6) than in saline-treated controls (12.3 +/- 3.7) (P less than 0.001). In addition, 16% of pups receiving 50 mg/kg and 33% of pups receiving 100 mg/kg A and never stimulated developed TSE. These seizure-promoting effects of A in rat pups undergoing amygdala kindling are far more dramatic and occur at far lower doses than those previously reported in adults.
 ...
PMID:Proconvulsant effects of aminophylline during amygdala kindling in developing rats. 272 Sep 53

We conducted a study to determine the type, incidence, and timing of complications that occur in patients who have a carbon monoxide (CO) exposure serious enough to require hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Complication data were retrospectively collected from a ten-year period for 297 consecutive CO-poisoned emergency department patients who received HBOT. HBOT was indicated for 41% of the patients because of an elevated carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level alone. Central nervous system dysfunction, including loss of consciousness, and/or cardiovascular dysfunction, was the criteria for HBOT in 59% of patients, regardless of their COHb level. The mean peak COHb level was 38 mg%, with 88% of patients having a peak COHb level greater than 25 mg%. The mortality rate was 6% in this case series. Cardiac arrest occurred in 8% of patients; all experienced their first arrest prior to HBOT. The 3% of patients who sustained an isolated respiratory arrest and those who had a myocardial infarction did so prior to HBOT. Several complications, however, occurred for the first time or as a recurrent event during HBOT. These included emesis (6%), seizures (5%), agitation requiring restraints or sedation (2%), cardiac dysrhythmias or arrests (2%), and arterial hypotension (2%). No patient's level of consciousness deteriorated subsequent to the initial resuscitation except for those who later had a generalized seizure. The most significant complication attributable to HBOT was tension pneumothorax, noted in three patients (1%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Complications and protocol considerations in carbon monoxide-poisoned patients who require hyperbaric oxygen therapy: report from a ten-year experience. 224 Jul 43

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, may be natural mediator of defence against epileptic activities. When given peripherally, however, GABA itself can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) insufficiently. Liposomes (LIPO), being composed of lipid bilayers in which various compounds can be entrapped, have been shown to cross the BBB. Recently, Loeb et al. demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of GABA entrapped within LIPO (GABA-L) significantly suppresses penicillin- or isoniazid-induced seizures in rats. In the present study, we examined the effect of intraperitoneally administered GABA-L on the kindled amygdala (AM) seizures in addition to the comparative uptake of radioactivity by brain following intraperitoneal administration of 3H-GABA-L or 3H-GABA in rats. Expt. I: Anticonvulsant effect of GABA-L Twelve male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were used. Bipolar electrodes made of twisted stainless steel wire 0.2 mm in diameter were implanted into the left AM. All the animals were kindled at the left AM until a stable kindled seizure was evoked for at least five successive days. Subsequently, the stimulus intensity was gradually reduced and the last intensity to induce the kindled seizure was designated as the generalized seizure triggerring threshold (GST). GABA was dissolved in deionized water at a concentration of 0.5 g/ml. GABA-L and LIPO were prepared as follows. 80 mumoles L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine, 22.8 mumoles stearylamine and 11.4 mumoles cholesterol were dissolved in chloroform. After chloroform was removed under a stream of nitrogen gas, dried thin film of phospholipids was formed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Suppressive effect of GABA-containing liposomes on kindled convulsion]. 273 50

Kindling stimulations were applied to the Schaffer collateral/commissural fibers in the CA1 area of the dorsal rat hippocampus. In fully kindled animals the ultrastructural distribution of calcium was studied at different time intervals after an induced generalized seizure, using the oxalate-pyro-antimonate technique. Semi-quantitative analysis of the amount of precipitate revealed no change in the investigated structures analysed after 2 h or 24 h: boutons and spines of the Schaffer-collateral/pyramidal-dendrite synaptic contacts, cytoplasm and mitochondria of terminals on pyramidal cell bodies and smooth dendrites. The major change was found 15 min after a seizure, when calcium precipitate in boutons and spines of stratum radiatum was strongly increased, precipitate in somata terminals only slightly, while smooth dendrites were not affected. These results imply a seizure-related increase of the intracellular calcium concentration. The transient character suggests that the investigated cellular compartments in kindled tissue are still capable of maintaining calcium homeostasis. The observed increase in precipitate density for at least 15 min may initiate the neurochemical mechanisms leading to an enhanced seizure sensitivity in the kindling model of epilepsy.
 ...
PMID:Transient increase of cytoplasmic calcium concentration in the rat hippocampus after kindling-induced seizures. An ultrastructural study with the oxalate-pyro-antimonate technique. 273 4

Male Long-Evans rats were kindled by stimulation of the pyriform cortex using an afterdischarge (AD) threshold procedure that triggered one AD every 24 h. AD threshold dropped rapidly as long as the seizures remained localized, reaching an asymptote of 30% of its initial value by the 6th AD. In contrast, AD threshold rose progressively across the first six generalized seizures (i.e. ADs accompanied by forelimb clonus). This elevation in threshold was dependent upon the daily elicitation of a generalized seizure, and the threshold returned to its previous low value after 4 seizure-free days. This indicates that post-seizure inhibition in the pyriform cortex is a transient response produced by generalized seizures and is not related to the relatively permanent changes that underlie kindling.
 ...
PMID:Twenty-four-hour post-seizure inhibition during limbic kindling requires seizure generalization. 274 13

In some unknown manner, water uptake by brain cells (hyposmolality) promotes generalized seizure in humans and experimental animals, whereas cell dehydration (hyperosmolality) protects against it. We have replicated both scenarios in slices of hippocampus undergoing electrographic seizures. Surprisingly, a shift in osmolality does not change the excitability of individual neurons but rather, it alters the degree to which neurons interact. Hyposmolality enhances both excitatory synaptic transmission in neocortex and field (ephaptic) effects, the latter arising when cortical cells fire as a population. We propose that these increased excitatory interactions promote the synchrony that characterizes epileptiform activity.
 ...
PMID:Seizure susceptibility and the osmotic state. 279 Apr 71

The substantia innominata (SI) contains a lot of cholinergic neurons and mainly project their fibers to the cerebral cortex and to the amygdala. Degenerative lesions were made in the bilateral SI and influences of these lesions upon kainic acid-induced limbic seizure were studied. Eleven adult cats were stereotaxically implanted and 2.5 micrograms of ibotenic acid (IBO) was injected into the bilateral SI in 6 cats (IBO group) and 1 microliter of phosphate buffer (PB) in 5 cats (PB group). All animals were given freedom at least 8 days to recover from the operation. Kainic acid microinjection was made into the left amygdala and electroclinical observation was done. In PB group, the limbic status was elicited and these seizures persisted for about 3 days after the KA injection. Seizures were subsided but interictal discharges were observed at the injected site of the amygdala. Then, limbic seizures reappeared within 10 days and a slowly progressive development of limbic seizure was observed. These seizures developed further. Occasionally, these limbic seizures successively developed and secondarily generalized seizures occurred once or twice a week. Otherwise, their clinical behaviors were normal during the interictal periods. In IBO group, the limbic status were elicited and lasted for about 3 days after the KA injection. Although interictal discharges reappeared at the injected site of the amygdala, successive development of the limbic seizure was not observed. The secondarily generalized seizure never occurred in the IBO group. Histopathological studies revealed circumscribed degenerative changes in the bilateral SI. The KA microinjection into the amygdala resulted stereotyped amygdaloid degenerative lesions in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Limbic seizure and ibotenic acid-induced lesions of substantia innominata in cats]. 281 6

The effects of seizures induced by an acute administration of bicuculline have been investigated on the central benzodiazepine and adenosine receptors in developing rats and in adults. Generalized seizures rapidly increased the total number of both benzodiazepine binding sites and adenosine A1 receptors, without changes in receptor affinity (KD). It was concluded that such a phenomenon may facilitate the anticonvulsant action of benzodiazepine and adenosine via receptor binding and that it could be an adaptative process to protect subjects against recurrent seizures, especially in newborns.
 ...
PMID:Effects of bicuculline-induced seizures on benzodiazepine and adenosine receptors in developing rat brain. 282 36


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>