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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This investigation focused upon whether individuals with lateralized temporal-lobe epilepsy have impairments in short term memory and, if so, whether these impairments are of a material-specific nature. The Peterson short term memory distractor paradigm which consists of single, brief presentations of stimuli with varying decay intervals and appropriate interpolated distractors was employed. A significant deficit in both left and right temporal lobe seizure groups was documented in comparison to controls for verbal but not for non-verbal materials. The results suggest that one aspect of the memory problem observed in temporal lobe seizure patients relates to relatively early components of information processing where encoding is primarily based upon physical rather than semantic characteristics of the stimulus and material-specificity is less evident.
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PMID:Short term retention with lateralized temporal lobe epilepsy. 381 43

The authors evaluated the effects on memory of ECT given with either unilateral or bilateral electrode placement and with brief-pulse or sine-wave stimulus waveform. Clinical criteria determined the mode of ECT and the treatment parameters. As expected, right unilateral ECT produced less memory impairment than bilateral ECT. Brief-pulse ECT resulted in less memory impairment than sine-wave ECT during the first hour after treatment but had similar effects on memory after the first hour. Brief-pulse ECT might produce less memory impairment than conventional sine-wave ECT; however, this can probably be achieved in clinical practice only if treatment parameters that keep stimulation close to the seizure threshold are developed individually for each patient.
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PMID:ECT and memory: brief pulse versus sine wave. 396 46

A 31-year-old veterinarian developed seizures, left hemiparesis, loss of memory, and behavioral disorders 5 months after intensive antirabies vaccination, the longest incubation period yet recorded. Computed tomographic scan revealed a right frontal contrastenhanced mass that extended to the left frontal lobe through the corpus callosum. Brain biopsy showed foci of primary demyelination largely confined to the white matter. The lesions were characteristic of the demyelinating encephalomyelitis that follows treatment with certain vaccines against rabies. The hemiplegia improved, but seizures, memory impairment, and abnormal behavior persisted.
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PMID:Delayed onset of post-rabies vaccination encephalitis. 613 53

Albino rats received 10 s of sub-seizure electrical stimulation applied to the dentate gyrus granule cells immediately after acquisition of information on trial 1 of a 2-trial radial maze spatial memory task. Granule cell stimulation selectively reduced the probability of accessing information held in declarative memory ('knowing that' a particular maze location contains food) while leaving procedural memory intact ('knowing how' to search for food in the maze). This specific memory impairment was prevented by pretreatment with the opiate antagonist naloxone. Naloxone also improved memory performance when given to non-stimulated subjects.
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PMID:Selective impairment of declarative memory following stimulation of dentate gyrus granule cells: a naloxone-sensitive effect. 648 30

In order to evaluate immediate recall and learning in epileptic patients, four tests were chosen: Wechsler's memory span for digits, graphic reproduction of geometric figures from the Wechsler Memory Scale, learning of a list of words from the Rey Memory Scale, and recognition of these words. These tests were performed on 200 epileptic patients over the age of 15 years, without defined cerebral lesions, and with a normal or subnormal social adjustment. Memory impairment was analyzed with respect to the following variables: seizure frequency, seizure type, duration of the disorder, and anticonvulsant medication. Patient data were compared with values obtained for a population of 100 normal subjects matched for age and level of education. Comparison between epileptics and controls clearly demonstrated a statistically significant memory impairment in the group of patients. However, the reasons for these poor performances are not clear, and none of the studied parameters (type of epilepsy, frequency of seizures, duration of the disease, and medication), if considered alone, accounts for this impairment.
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PMID:Learning impairment in epileptic patients. 683 80

Memory and language were evaluated in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and generalized epilepsy. Subjects were matched for age, duration of illness, and seizure frequency, and grouped according to the electroencephalographic results and seizure type into right temporal, left temporal, and generalized. In formal tests of intelligence, auditory and visual memory, and language, a significant difference was noted only on a confrontation naming test. The mean score on this test was considerably lower in the left temporal group; right temporal and generalized groups scored in the normal range. This correlated with impairment on many verbal subtests of intelligence and memory. These results suggest that the interictal memory impairment of temporal lobe epilepsy may be an anomia and that the anomia may contribute to impairment of verbal learning and memory; both circumlocution and circumstantiality may compensate for anomia.
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PMID:Interictal memory and language impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy. 718 92

Grey matter heterotopias, demonstrated by MRI, may present with a broad spectrum of clinical severity. We have studied 33 patients with periventricular nodular heterotopias (PNH); 19 (58%) had unilateral and 14 (42%) bilateral lesions. Thirteen of the 19 patients (68%) with unilateral subependymal nodules of grey matter had, in addition, unilateral focal subcortical heterotopias (SNH), comprising 39% of the entire group. Most had normal intellectual and motor function but some presented with mild mental retardation and neurological deficits. Recurrent seizures were described in 82%, mainly partial attacks with temporo-parieto-occipital auras. Nodular heterotopias led to unilateral or bilateral independent temporal epileptic discharges in 47% of epileptic patients with PNH alone and in 61% of those who had SNH in addition. Extratemporal or multilobar, unilateral or bilateral interictal spiking was present in 10 other patients (36%). Two first degree relatives of patients with seizures were affected but had no seizures, three were investigated for other apparently unrelated neurological symptoms: memory impairment, vertigo or transient ischaemic attacks in one person each. Contiguous ovoid nodules of grey matter, symmetrically lining both lateral ventricles, were described in nine patients. Seven of them were female, including four with familial incidence of PNH. Such lesions may explain the familial occurrence of epilepsy in some families. Seven patients underwent anterior temporal resection: two patients with unilateral subependymal and focal subcortical heterotopias were seizure free or significantly improved. Four patients, three with PNH alone and one with additional subcortical nodules, did not improve significantly after surgery. The remaining patient was followed for less than 6 months.
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PMID:Periventricular and subcortical nodular heterotopia. A study of 33 patients. 749 86

We compared historical features, surface EEG findings, results of intracarotid sodium amobarbital memory testing (IAT), and outcome after anterotemporal lobectomy (ATL) in patients with mesiotemporal lobe seizure onset with those with more diffuse temporal lobe seizure onset (intracranial EEG). Forty-eight patients evaluated consecutively between July 1985 and October 1991 with both scalp/sphenoidal and intracranial EEG were shown to have seizures originating in one temporal lobe. No patients had temporal lobe tumor or vascular malformation. Thirty-seven of the 48 patients had seizure onset in the amygdala/hippocampus (amyg/hipp). Eleven of the 48 had either temporal neocortical onset or simultaneous amyg/hipp and neocortical onset. Patients with mesial onset seizures were more likely to have lateralized memory impairment on IAT (p = 0.05). We noted a trend toward a difference in age of first risk for epilepsy between the two groups (p = 0.09) but not for a difference in any specific risk factor. There were no significant differences in surface EEG interictal findings. Unlike in previous studies, comparison of outcome between the two groups showed no difference in seizure-free outcome. Sudden unexpected death (SUD) was more frequent in neocortical seizure patients who were not seizure-free (p < 0.05).
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PMID:Comparison of mesial versus neocortical onset temporal lobe seizures: neurodiagnostic findings and surgical outcome. 755 82

TCP (N-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine), A PCP (phencyclidine) derivative, has been shown to possess antiepileptic and neuroprotective efficacy against chemically induced seizures. However, it is known that other antagonists of the NMDA receptor impair spatial learning. This study was thus undertaken to explore the eventual effects of TCP on memory. The same study was done with MK-801 [(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]-cyclohepten-5,10-imine ), one of the most studied NMDA receptor antagonists, which can be considered as a reference molecule. Three doses of each drug were chosen: 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg for MK-801 and 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg for TCP, the second dosage corresponding to the minimal required for antiseizure activity. The drugs were injected IP 30 min each day before a classical procedure of acquisition in a Morris water maze test. At the highest dose of each drug, the animals did not learn the position of the platform. At 0.1 mg/kg MK-801, the rats used a praxis strategy to find the platform but they did not known where the platform was. Contrary to MK-801, TCP at 1 mg/kg did not induce any memory impairment. At the lowest doses used, no memory impairment was found. It thus appears that, at the minimal therapeutic dose effective against chemically induced seizures (0.1 mg/kg for MK-801 and 1 mg/kg for TCP), TCP, contrary to MK-801, does not induce any memory impairment. Furthermore, at all the doses used, TCP presents the particularity that its locomotor side effects are not long lasting, being no longer observed from 30 min after the injection.
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PMID:Effects of TCP on spatial memory: comparison with MK-801. 766 64

Electrical induction of seizure activity profoundly impairs hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in rats. A similar effect may account for the memory dysfunction observed after electroconvulsive stimulation in humans and other species. The co-administration of ketamine with the induction of electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) was evaluated as a possible method for reducing the impact of ECS on hippocampal synaptic plasticity in rats. Electrophysiological studies in vivo showed that both the enhancement of the EPSP slope and the subsequent reduction of experimentally induced LTP in the dentate gyrus by repeated, spaced ECS were significantly attenuated by ketamine anaesthesia. The findings suggest that ketamine may protect against ECS-induced memory impairment and thus prove useful in reducing the transient cognitive impairment following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
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PMID:Ketamine prevents ECS-induced synaptic enhancement in rat hippocampus. 781 17


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