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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Polyopia, visual perseveration in space, has been associated with seizure activity, afterimage formation, and the presence of visual field defects. It can be interpreted both as a positive and a negative visual phenomenon. A patient with polyopia associated with the acute onset of hemianopsia is presented. The phenomenon has been investigated objectively with a simple procedure. The polyopia was highly correlated to movement of the eyes into the hemianoptic visual field and to increased contrast but not duration of the stimulus. This type of polyopia could be the result of incomplete visual processing due to poor visuospatial localization in a hemianopic field.
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PMID:The unidirectionality of cerebral polyopia. 128 51

148 patients with medically intractable complex-partial seizures received bilateral intracarotid amobarbital tests. In 21 patients (14.2%), there were inappropriate responses (intrusions: N = 10; perseverations: N = 11) to a series repetition task (counting backwards) given immediately before amobarbital injection. Five cases from the perseveration subgroup are discussed in detail. In these patients, linguistic perseveration occurred with left-sided amobarbital injection, although they were all found to have left hemispheric speech dominance according to language testing during the amobarbital procedure. It is argued that these perseverations are best explained as a right hemispheric continuation of a speech motor program previously initiated by the left hemisphere.
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PMID:Linguistic perseveration in dominant-side intracarotid amobarbital tests. 149 7

Palinacousis (auditory perseveration) is a rarely reported symptom of temporal lobe dysfunction. We describe a new case. A 50-year-old woman presented with nausea, vomiting, and global dysphasia, followed by two generalized seizures. Examination was otherwise normal, and computed tomography showed a small area of enhancement near the left sylvian fissure; there was a left temporal focus on the electroencephalogram. Treatment with phenytoin was instituted, and speech improved, with residual fluent dysphasia. Three days postictally, the patient complained of "echoing voices" in her right ear. Words or fragments of sentences recently uttered by the patient or others were perceived to recur unaltered for minutes to hours. Sounds other than speech were also affected. One week later the voices had disappeared, but a ticking sound was present; this also faded subsequently. The palinacousis never recurred; the patient was later found to have a Grade IV astrocytoma of the left temporal lobe, which caused her demise 8 months later. The features of this case are similar to those previously reported and favor an epileptic etiology. Palinacousis should be recognized as a sign of organic temporal lobe disease and not confused with manifestations of psychotic illness.
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PMID:Palinacousis: a case report. 341 74

The intensity of perseveration was tested in 70 patients with generalized convulsive seizures and with partial seizures of complex symptomatology, and in 37 subjects without central nervous system diseases (controls). The results suggest that the tendency for perseveration is a feature occurring not only in epilepsy but also in healthy subjects (probably of constitutional character); the disease process responsible for epileptic seizures can intensity this feature in a degree depending on its duration.
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PMID:[Perseverance tendency in patients with generalized convulsive seizures and with partial seizures with complex symptoms]. 745 20

Palinacousis (auditory perseveration) is reported in a 78-year-old patient with a left temporo parietal astrocytoma. The patient complained of "echoing voice" in his right ear. Palinacousis was associated with sensitive partial seizures. Neuropsychological investigations revealed hemianacusia with normal performance for phonological discrimination and verbal repetition. We suggest that these preserved abilities allowed emergence of palinacousis.
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PMID:[Palinacousis with hemianacusia caused by left temporal lesion]. 767 40

We report a case of visual presevertation in a 67-year-old man. He had been well until 66 years of age when he had brain hemorrhage in the right occipital lobe. After an operation for removal of the hematoma, visual hallucination occurred and persisted for about 6 months. One year and a half later, he had a convulsive seizure and diphenylhydantoin was started. During the two weeks following the convulsion, he several times experienced episodes of visual preservation, visual hallucination and metamorphopsia. MRI revealed an old hemorrhage in the right occipital lobe. 123I-IMP SPECT demonstrated increase of cerebral blood flow of the right medial occipital lobe one day after the episode of visual perseveration and decrease about three weeks after the episode. The mechanism which causes visual perseveration still remains to be clarified. The findings of 123I-IMP SPECT of the present case suggest that visual perseveration may be generated by postictal transient functional excitation of the right occipital lobe.
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PMID:[123I-IMP SPECT findings of visual perseveration in a patient with old hemorrhage in the right occipital lobe]. 799 91

In a perspective study of follow-up of 141 head-injured patients, neurological, behavioural, neuropsychological and psychosocial parameters of outcome were used to measure the patient's functional status for 18 months. Neurophysical sequelae including seizure disorders were seen in 29 patients. Cortical functional disturbances observed were nominal difficulties in 5 patients, perseveration in 5 patients, disturbed kinetic melodies in 9 patients, frontal acalculia in 4 patients, constructional apraxia in one patient and left side neglect in one patient. These deficits were reversed except in 13 cases. Only 32 patients (22.7%) did not suffer from any behavioural changes. The role of compensation as an aetiologic factor was found in 5 patients. Out of 94 patients in whom scores in memory test was done, 11 patients performed better than their age and education-related norms. Scores in Raven's matrices for level of intellectual performance were done in 71 patients. The score was below 25th percentile in majority (58 cases). Among 130 patients with some jobs, 56 patients (43%) were fully restored. Out of 105 married patients, 45 patients (43%) had disturbed relations after head injury. Seven patients had separation of marriage. Compared to neurological deficits, behavioural and neuropsychological impairments were more prevalent and disabling. Psychosocial outcome, particularly vocational restoration was adversely affected by behavioural changes and cognitive deficits. Need for a multidisciplinary intervention to minimise the avoidable morbidity is emphasised.
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PMID:Long-term outcome following head injury. 850 11

We describe four patients who developed asymmetrical, rhythmic, stereotyped, and repetitive movements of the upper and lower limbs hours to days after infarction that involved the thalamus and/or basal ganglia. The movements appeared to occur spontaneously and were initially labeled as focal motor seizures, ballism, or tremor; they could however, be induced by passive movement of the limbs. The movements most commonly observed were scratching or rubbing movements of the hands that were of such persistence as to cause trauma to the skin; in the lower limbs, the heel was run up and down the bed sheet, often until it bled. The movements were part of a syndrome characterised initially by a reduced level of consciousness and followed by aspontaneity, usually with mutism and frontal release signs. One patient who had relatively preserved cognition and language repeated words or phrases again and again when encouraged to speak, but had no difficulty changing responses appropriately to different cues. In drawing, he overwrote each figure but could change the figure on command. The distinctive movement disorder in these patients was due to clonic perseveration. We suggest that clonic perseveration results from disconnection of prefrontal cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops that are important for the termination of motor plans. Clonic perseveration should be recognised as a movement disorder following thalamic lesions.
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PMID:Clonic perseveration following thalamofrontal disconnection: a distinctive movement disorder. 915 33

A certain proportion of laboratory rats of various strains show spontaneous nonconvulsive ECoG seizures in the form of bursts of spike-and-wave discharges (SWD). Since in the majority of behavioural experiments the EEG is not controlled, the experimenter is usually unaware of this fact. The purpose of the present work was to find out whether the SWD trait is related to the rats behavioural performance in selected test situations. The experiment was performed on two groups of male Wistar rats, outbreds, aged six (group 6M, n = 17) and 24 months (group 24M, n = 14). First, in both groups the following forms of behaviour were assessed: (1) seeking water reward in an 8-arm radial maze, (2) exploration of a new object, (3) inhibition of a locomotor response (passive avoidance), and (4) paw-lick response to a thermal stimulus (54.5 degrees C) applied to the feet before and after intermittent footshock. The rats were then implanted with intrabrain electrodes and the level of SWD activity was assessed. Rats of the 24M group, compared with those of the 6M one, showed a significantly shorter exploratory response to a new object and diminished responsiveness to heat. The groups did not differ, however, in passive avoidance and radial maze performance. The analysis of 3-h ECoG sections revealed SWD bursts in 73% and nearly 93% of rats from groups 6M and 24M, respectively. The groups did not differ in the number of bursts or in the total duration of SWD activity. A correlation analysis of pooled data from both groups revealed that the exploration time of a new object was significantly (negatively) correlated with the number of SWD episodes. The total duration of SWD activity, and the number of perseveration errors in the radial maze, was significantly (positively) correlated with the total duration of SWD activity. The results suggest that SWD rats are behaviourally impaired in some test situations.
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PMID:Spontaneous spike-wave discharges in rat neocortex and their relation to behaviour. 1101 74

A 59-year-old, right-handed woman had a paroxysmal polyoptic visual illusion, in which multiple copies of the object she saw spread horizontally in the left hemi-visual field. Polyopsia appeared for a few seconds. Neurological examination was normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a tumor-like lesion involving the cortical and subcortical matters in the right mesial temporal regions. An interictal EEG showed frequent spikes in the right mesial temporal area and intermittent theta waves in the right fronto-temporal area. Video-EEG monitoring using the sphenoidal electrodes showed the seizure discharges originating in the right sphenoidal lead accompanying the polyoptic visual illusion. The seizure discharges were restricted within the right mesial temporal lobe. Paroxysmal visual illusion disappeared after administration of anti-epileptic drugs. EEG showed rare spikes in the right mesial temporal area. Polyopsia in this patient presumed to be associated with right mesial temporal lobe epilepsy because polyopsia and seizure activities on the ictal EEG were coupled and polyopsia ceased after administration of anti-epileptic drugs. Polyopsia is recognized as visual perseveration in space and a rare visual illusion. The lesion causing polyopsia has been reported to be mostly within posterior cerebral areas including occipital, parietal and temporal regions. This patient whose ictal polyopsia associated with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is a very rare case because most reported cases presenting ictal polyopsia are neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy. The precise mechanism of polyopsia remains unknown. The mesial temporal lobe includes the hippocampus and parahippocampal formation that have been reported to receive information from the diverse association cortex and work as memory controllers. Ictal polyopsia may result from dysfunction of the visual association cortex or visual memory systems induced by the epileptic activities in the mesial temporal lobe. Polyopsia is a rare ictal semeiology of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and may be one of the important ictal symptoms.
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PMID:[A case of right mesial temporal lobe epilepsy accompanied with ictal polyopsia]. 1519 37


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