Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Surgery for an area of focal cortical dysplasia in a critical region is reported in a right-handed female manifesting intractable focal epilepsy and verbal cognitive deterioration. She developed the first seizure at 2 years of age and was treated with phenytoin and zonisamide, with good control until 10 years of age. Although seizures did not occur at 9 years of age, she manifested dyscalculia, right-left disorientation, and finger agnosia, and N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) revealed focal hypoperfusion in the left parietal lobe. At 11 years of age, she developed regular nocturnal seizures and gradually lost the ability to understand the meaning of sentences. Verbal IQ declined from 94 to 63, and the area of hypoperfusion detected by interictal N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine SPECT spread over the left parietotemporal lobes. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed focal cortical dysplasia mainly in the left parietal lobe, and ictal technetium-99m-ethyl cysteinate dimer SPECT images demonstrated an area of hyperperfusion around the focal cortical dysplasia, including the left precentral gyrus. Because of the overlap between the epileptogenic and functional cortex, the authors concluded that cortical resection, including focal cortical dysplasia, was inappropriate in this patient.
 ...
PMID:Cognitive deterioration associated with focal cortical dysplasia. 1002 67

This report describes the observations of two patients with a several years' history of multiple sclerosis who presented sudden neurologic impairment. The symptomatology was suggestive of a non-convulsive partial status epilepsy. The clinical presentation was a paroxysmal dysphasic phenomenon in the first case without any consciousness impairment, associated with slight right hemiparesis. Electroencephalographic investigations revealed asymmetrical patterns, left-sided slow waves and periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs). Antiepileptic treatments were partially effective and intravenous steroids were needed for complete recovery. For the second patient, clinical presentation was acute psychiatric symptoms with disorientation, alternating manic symptomatology and mutism. Electroencephalography showed left fronto-central rhythmic continuous slow wave and spike wave activity. Intravenous antiepileptic treatment quickly improved the symptomatology. These observations draw attention to the fact that an epileptic cause should not be ruled out when a patient with multiple sclerosis presents sudden neurologic or psychiatric impairment. An early diagnosis allows immediate antiepileptic treatment. Intravenous steroids can be added to stop seizures.
 ...
PMID:[Partial non-convulsive status epilepsy in multiple sclerosis]. 1067 21

Cyclosporine (CSP) is the most frequently used immunosuppressive agent for prevention of graft versus host disease (GVHD) in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Some adverse effects such as hepatic and renal toxicity have been frequently encountered, but central nervous system (CNS) toxicity caused by CSP is rare. We report an adult male patient with acute myeloid leukemia who developed CSP-induced encephalopathy under treatment for allogeneic BMT from an unrelated donor. Methotrexate and CSP were used for GVHD prophylaxis. Leukocyte and platelet engraftment were successfully achieved on days 21 and 24 after BMT, respectively. Abrupt onset of mental confusion and disorientation occurred on day 25, followed by a generalized tonic clonic seizure and consciousness disturbance. The whole blood CSP level was 160.65 ng/mL. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed high signal intensities in the bilateral occipital lobes with predominant involvement of the cortical areas. The patient recovered from the CNS toxicity, but with slight memory impairment, 6 days after CSP was discontinued. When patients receiving CSP treatment for allogeneic BMT develop mental confusion, consciousness disturbance, or seizure, CSP-induced CNS toxicity should be taken into consideration.
 ...
PMID:Cyclosporine-induced encephalopathy in a patient with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia treated with unrelated allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 1082 Sep 59

To clarify the relationship between epileptic attacks and cognitive dysfunction, we examined the serial findings of 123I-IMP single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in relation to the intelligence quotient (IQ), assessed by Wechsler Intelligence Scale of Children-Revised, in two female patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) over a 10-year period. The age of patient 1 at the initial assessment was 2 years, and the age of patient 2 was 9 months. They developed complex partial epilepsy in infancy, and were treated with antiepileptic drugs, which remained effective until 11 years of age, when their epileptic attacks recurred. Patient 1, a 14-year-old girl with FCD of the left parietal lobe suffered from dyscalculia, right-left disorientation, and finger agnosia even when she was free of epileptic attacks. Following the recurrence of seizures which occurred every night, she became unable to understand what was said to her. A hypoperfusion area detected by 123I-IMP SPECT was restricted to the left parietal lobe during the seizure-free period, but spread to the temporo-parietal lobes following the recurrence. Her verbal IQ declined from 94 (at 9 years of age) to 63 (at 11 years and 8 months). After her seizures were controlled again (at 14 years and 4 months), the 123I-IMP SPECT findings improved. Patient 2, a 12-year-old girl with FCD of the left frontal lobe, showed cognitive dysfunction. Her verbal IQ declined from 91 (at 7 years and 5 months) to 76 (at 11 years and 8 months) following a recurrence of epileptic attacks. 123I-IMP SPECT showed hypoperfusion in the left frontal lobe, where the accumulation count ratio (left/right ratio) declined from 0.86 (at 3 years) to 0.64 (at 11 years). These findings suggest that epileptic attacks are related to cognitive dysfunction in FCD patients. This cognitive dysfunction appears to correlate with the appearance of hypoperfusion areas, as detected by 123I-IMP SPECT.
 ...
PMID:[Longitudinal study of cognitive function in two patients with focal cortical dysplasia]. 1100 34

Eleven of 89 dogs (12 per cent) developed neurological signs within six days of surgical attenuation of a congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Neurological signs were not associated with hepatic encephalopathy or hypoglycaemia. Signs varied in severity from non-progressive ataxia (three dogs) to generalised motor seizures (four dogs), progressing to status epilepticus (three dogs). In a further four cases, ataxia and disorientation were treated vigorously with anticonvulsant medication, presumably preventing the development of seizures. Two dogs that developed status epilepticus died or were eventually euthanased. All other animals survived, although some had persistent neurological deficits. Postligation neurological complications were not prevented by gradual shunt attenuation. Prophylactic treatment with phenobarbitone (5 to 10 mg/kg preoperatively, followed by 3 to 5 mg/kg every 12 hours for three weeks) did not significantly reduce the incidence of neurological sequelae (2/31 [6 per cent] dogs with phenobarbitone vs 9/58 [16 per cent] without phenobarbitone; P = 0.2). However, no animal receiving phenobarbitone experienced generalised motor seizures or status epilepticus. In conclusion, these observations suggest that postligation neurological syndrome comprises a spectrum of neurological signs of variable severity. Perioperative treatment with phenobarbitone may not reduce the risk of neurological sequelae, but may reduce their severity.
 ...
PMID:Neurological dysfunction in dogs following attenuation of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. 1113 52

The pathogenesis of neurologic complications of Lassa fever is poorly understood. A Nigerian patient had fever, disorientation, seizures, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and Lassa virus was found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) but not in serum. The concentration of Lassa virus RNA in CSF corresponded to 1 x 10(3) pfu/mL, as determined by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. To characterize the Lassa virus in CSF, the 3.5-kb S RNA was sequenced. In the S RNA coding sequences, the CSF strain differed between 20% and 24.6% from all known prototype strains. These data suggest that Lassa virus or specific Lassa virus strains can persist in the central nervous system and thus contribute to neuropathogenesis. Lassa virus infection should be considered in West African patients or in travelers returning from this area who present only with fever and neurologic signs.
 ...
PMID:Lassa fever encephalopathy: Lassa virus in cerebrospinal fluid but not in serum. 1144 61

A 38-y-old male with occult inhalant abuse underwent an 18-mo evaluation for presumed seizure disorder. Although past medical history was significant for alcohol abuse, his wife confirmed a 6-y histoy of abstinence. His seizures were characterized as episodes of unconsciousness preceded by a feeling of "things slowing down". No muscular activity was witnessed during these episodes, and upon regaining consciousness the patient had slurred speech, disorientation, dissociative amnesia, and bizarre behavior that resolved spontaneously. Despite 4 emergency department visits, 4 hospital admissions, 5 neurologic and 7 psychiatric outpatient evaluations, extensive work-up was non-diagnostic. These episodes recurred until his wife found him huffing trichloroethylene. Questioning of the patient revealed that huffing always preceded these episodes and that he started huffing after discontinuing alcohol. The patient underwent addiction treatment. Toxic inhalants should be suspected as a substitute drug of abuse in patients attempting abstention. Disorientation clinically similar to dissociative amnesia can occur following loss of consciousness during an episode of trichloroethylene use.
 ...
PMID:An unusual presentation of inhalant abuse with dissociative amnesia. 1182 66

The efficacy and safety of topiramate in patients with intractable mixed seizures, mental retardation (MR), and developmental disabilities (DD) were investigated. Twenty patients (eight females and 12 males) aged 21-57 years old with intractable epilepsy with mixed seizures, MR [profound (five), severe (three), moderate (two), mild (eight) and borderline (two)], and DD were treated with adjunctive topiramate 25 mg per day for 1 week followed by titration to clinical response (range 50-350 mg per day). Other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were decreased simultaneously. Topiramate therapy was discontinued in four patients for adverse events consisting of disorientation, unsteadiness, and pneumonia (one patient); anaphylactic shock from a tuna fish allergy (one); patient choice (one); and loss to follow-up (one). Seizures improved by gt-or-equal, slanted 50% in 11 of 16 patients (69%). Two patients (13%) were seizure free, including one patient who prior to topiramate therapy was seizure free but experiencing an intolerable adverse effect during therapy with another AED. Seizure duration and/or severity decreased in seven patients (44%). An increase in alertness was observed in 11 patients (59%). Topiramate was associated with improvement in seizure severity and alertness in this series and may be useful as adjunctive therapy in patients with mixed seizures, MR, and DD.
Seizure 2002 Jan
PMID:Role of topiramate in adults with intractable epilepsy, mental retardation, and developmental disabilities. 1188 60

Thirty-seven inpatients with major depression were assessed for postictal and interictal disorientation after they received 8 of 12 ECTs. In 20 patients, four of the eight assessments were after simulated ECT only. Only real, but not simulated, ECT produced postictal disorientation. Postictal disorientation was greatest after the first treatment, less after the second, and did not change in later assessments. It was shortest for person, longer for place, and longest for time, and showed a temporal time gradient. Interictal disorientation increased with the number of treatments. Two electrical stimulus variables (seizure duration and electrical stimulus intensity) correlated with the length of postictal disorientation. The influence of seizure duration and stimulus variables were independent of each other. The influence of the electrical stimulus variables was independent of the influence of demographic variables. These, however, did affect the length of postictal disorientation.
 ...
PMID:Disorientation and Bilateral Moderately Suprathreshold Titrated ECT. 1194 Nov 9

Coricidin products seemed to be one of the over-the-counter medications being reportedly abused by adolescents, as observed from the Texas Poison Center Network data. This retrospective chart review investigated the occurrence of abuse, developed a patient profile, and defined the clinical effects resulting from the abuse of Coricidin products. Data collected from the Texas Poison Center Network Toxic Exposure Surveillance System database included human exposures between 1998 and 1999, patients > or = 10y old, intentional use or abuse, and single substance ingestion of I of the tablet formulations of Coricidin. Thirty-three cases from 1998 and 59 cases from 1999 were reviewed. Of these cases, 85% met the inclusion criteria. Of the 7 medications searched, only 4 substances were coded for: Coricidin D, Coricidin D (long acting), Coricidin D (cold, flu & sinus) and Coriciding HBP. These contain a combination of dextromethorphan hydrobromide, chlorpheniramine maleate, phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, and acetaminophen. Of the 78 cases, 63% were male and 38% were female. The mean age was 14.67 years, 77% being between 13 to 17 years old. Eighteen different symptoms were reported: tachycardia 50%, somnolence 24.4%, mydriasis and hypertension 16.7%, agitation 12.8%, disorientation 10.3%, slurred speech 9%, ataxia 6.4%, vomiting 5.1%, dry mouth and hallucinations 3.9%, tremor 2.6%, and headache, dizziness, syncope, seizure, chest pain, and nystagmus each 1.3%; 12.8% of the calls originated from the school nurse. The incidence of abuse reported increased 60% from 1998 to 1999. This worrisome trend suggests increased abuse of these products.
 ...
PMID:A possible trend suggesting increased abuse from Coricidin exposures reported to the Texas Poison Network: comparing 1998 to 1999. 1204 73


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>