Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presenting symptoms, course, and treatment of 10 patients with severe theophylline toxicity (heart rate above 120, multifocal atrial tachycardia or premature ventricular contractions, hypotension, seizures) are described. Theophylline levels at presentation averaged 66 micrograms/ml (range 30 to 180 micrograms/ml). All patients had marked tachycardia; 80 percent had gastrointestinal symptoms, 50 percent were hypotensive, and 20 percent had seizures. A known history of poor compliance or other risk factors to overdosage was present in 60 percent. Of the five patients in whom drug clearances were determined, two had uniform first-order drug elimination. Three had biphasic elimination with an initial period of delayed elimination due to either zero-order kinetics or continued drug absorption. During the first-order elimination period, mean plasma theophylline clearance was 28.0 +/- 4.3 ml per minute with a half-life of 8.2 hours. In the patients with initially delayed elimination, the mean clearance during the slow phase was 9.6 +/- 3.3 ml per minute with an apparent half-life of 31 hours. One patient was treated with charcoal hemoperfusion but the others received conservative management alone; all recovered without permanent sequelae. Propranolol and verapamil were useful in controlling supraventricular tachycardia. It appears that most patients with severe theophylline toxicity can be managed without hemoperfusion, which should be considered only when drug clearance is reduced, and hypotension, tachycardia, ventricular ectopy, or seizures are refractory to conservative measures.
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PMID:Severe theophylline toxicity. Role of conservative measures, antiarrhythmic agents, and charcoal hemoperfusion. 672 Jul 31

Tuberous sclerosis was diagnosed in 21 patients (13 female, 8 male) at an age of 3 months to 17 years, 8 of them being younger than 1 year at the time of diagnosis. 14 cases occurred sporadic, 7 patients had a positive familial history of the disease. The diagnosis was based on typical cutaneous lesions (white spots in 19, adenoma sebaceum in 12), cerebral seizures (20 patients) and intracranial calcifications which were found in all 17 patients who were investigated by cranial computerized tomography, especially in all 5 patients who were investigated in the first year of life. In addition two patients showed tumors arising from the region of the frontal horns. Histological examination which was performed in one of them showed the typical picture of a subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. Seizures occurred within the first year of life in 15 of 20 patients. The most common seizure type were infantile spasms (11 patients), grand mal (10 patients) and partial seizures (7 patients). In two children Todd's palsies were observed. Mental retardation of variable degree was observed in 11 patients. Cystic renal lesions were found in one patient with severe haematuria and they were suspected in 3 others on ultrasonographic examination. Retinal phakoma was found in only one patient, cardial rhabdomyoma was suspected in another one who suffered from congenital multifocal atrial tachycardia. The diagnosis in the first year of life was based upon the typical trias of white spots, seizures and intracranial calcifications on CT examination.
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PMID:[Tuberous sclerosis. Clinical and computer tomography findings in infancy and childhood]. 672 96

Antiepileptic medications have been reported to cause disturbances in cardiac conduction. Lacosamide decreases seizure burden by modulating sodium channels. Although it has been demonstrated to have few side effects, there have been reports of clinically significant cardiac conduction disturbances. We report the case of a child with hypoplastic left-heart syndrome and well-controlled multifocal atrial tachycardia who developed haemodynamically significant atrial tachycardia after receiving two doses of lacosamide.
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PMID:Lacosamide-induced atrial tachycardia in a child with hypoplastic left-heart syndrome: the importance of assessing additional proarrhythmic risks. 2504 31